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Zhang Y, Luo S, Gao Y, Tong W, Sun S. High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions Remodeling: A Critical Process for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Angiology 2024; 75:441-453. [PMID: 36788038 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231157473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be a protective factor for atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, raising HDL-C has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, several studies have found that increasing HDL-C levels does not necessarily reduce the risk of ASCVD. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in structure, composition, and biological function. Moreover, HDL particles from atherosclerotic patients exhibit impaired anti-atherogenic functions and these dysfunctional HDL particles might even promote ASCVD. This makes it uncertain that HDL-raising therapy will prevent and treat ASCVD. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the structure and function of HDL subfractions. We review current advances related to HDL subfractions remodeling and highlight how current lipid-modifying drugs such as niacin, statins, fibrates, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors regulate cholesterol concentration of HDL and specific HDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Kuang X, Kong Y, Hu X, Li K, Guo X, Liu C, Han L, Li D. Defatted flaxseed flour improves weight loss and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 11:8237-8247. [PMID: 32966475 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Studies have suggested that foods rich in dietary fiber may contribute to body weight loss and lower triacylglycerol (TG) levels. This study aimed to investigate the effect of flaxseed meal (FM) (a by-product of flaxseed after oil processing) supplemented biscuits on body weight, body composition, and blood lipids in overweight and obese participants. METHOD AND RESULTS In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 53 overweight and obese adults (18-36 years of age) were recruited and randomized to consume control biscuits or biscuits supplemented with FM for their breakfast for 60 days (approximately 100 g per day). Significant group × time interaction (P = 0.011) was observed for body weight, and the body weight of the FM group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.049). We also found significant group × time interactions for body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.008), TG (P = 0.041) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.016). In addition, after 60 days of intervention, the body weight, BMI and TG levels of the FM group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group. On day 60, the serum concentration of IL-6 in the FM group was significantly lower than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS FM supplemented biscuits have a beneficial effect on body weight, BMI and TG of overweight and obese subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: ChiCTR1900022833).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. and School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Julve J, Escolà-Gil JC. High-Density Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: The Good, the Bad, and the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147488. [PMID: 34299108 PMCID: PMC8307852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Julve
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (J.C.E.-G.)
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (J.C.E.-G.)
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Mala John GS, Takeuchi S, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Therapeutics: Beneficial to Toxicity Profiles and the Search for its Analogs. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:86-103. [PMID: 31642411 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191022141547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant lignan obtained from creosote bush, Larrea tridentata and is known to possess antioxidant, anticancer activities and is used in traditional medicine in North America and Mexico. However, its prolonged consumption leads to liver damage and kidney dysfunction. Despite its toxicity and side effects, there is little awareness to forbid its consumption and its use in the treatment of medical ailments has continued over the years. Several reports discuss its therapeutic efficiency and its medical applications have tremendously been on the rise to date. There has been a recent surge of interest in the chemical synthesis of NDGA derivatives for therapeutic applications. NDGA derivatives have been developed as better alternatives to NDGA. Although several NDGA derivatives have been chemically synthesized as evidenced by recent literature, there is a paucity of information on their therapeutic efficacies. This review is to highlight the medicinal applications of NDGA, its toxicity evaluations and discuss the chemical derivatives of NDGA synthesized and studied so far and suggest to continue research interests in the development of NDGA analogs for therapeutic applications. We suggest that NDGA derivatives should be investigated more in terms of chemical synthesis with preferred conformational structures and exploit their biological potentials with future insights to explore in this direction to design and develop structurally modified NDGA derivatives for potential pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoru Takeuchi
- Factory of Takeuchi Nenshi, TAKENEN, 85NE Takamatsu, Kahoku Ishikawa 929-1215, Japan
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Sri Ramachandra Center for Biomedical Nanotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai-600116, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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Manda G, Rojo AI, Martínez-Klimova E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid: From Herbal Medicine to Clinical Development for Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:151. [PMID: 32184727 PMCID: PMC7058590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata, the creosote bush found in Mexico and USA deserts, that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. NDGA presents two catechol rings that confer a very potent antioxidant activity by scavenging oxygen free radicals and this may explain part of its therapeutic action. Additional effects include inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOXs) and activation of signaling pathways that impinge on the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor (NRF2). On the other hand, the oxidation of the catechols to the corresponding quinones my elicit alterations in proteins and DNA that raise safety concerns. This review describes the current knowledge on NDGA, its targets and side effects, and its synthetic analogs as promising therapeutic agents, highlighting their mechanism of action and clinical projection towards therapy of neurodegenerative, liver, and kidney disease, as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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