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Wu J, Wu C, Rong C, Tian J, Jiang N, Wu R, Yue X, Shi H. Catalytic mechanisms underlying fungal fatty acid desaturases activities. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35658758 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2063106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial roles in a variety of human pathologies and disorders. Owing to the limited source of PUFAs in animals and plants, microorganisms, especially fungi, have become a new source of PUFAs. In fungi, fatty acid desaturases (F-FADS) are the main enzymes that convert saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into PUFAs. Their catalytic activities and substrate specificities, which are directly dependent on the structure of the FADS proteins, determine their efficiency to convert SFAs to PUFAs. Catalytic mechanisms underlying F-FADS activities can be determined from the findings of the relationship between their structure and function. In this review, the advances made in the past decade in terms of catalytic activities and substrate specificities of the fungal FADS cluster are summarized. The relationship between the key domain(s) and site(s) in F-FADS proteins and their catalytic activity is highlighted, and the FADS cluster is analyzed phylogenetically. In addition, subcellular localization of F-FADS is discussed. Finally, we provide prospective crystal structures of F-FADSs. The findings may provide a reference for the resolution of the crystal structures of F-FADS proteins and facilitate the increase in fungal PUFA production for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunchi Rong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Czumaj A, Śledziński T. Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020356. [PMID: 32013225 PMCID: PMC7071289 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered one of the most important components of cells that influence normal development and function of many organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Unsaturated fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in the synthesis of PUFAs, inserting additional unsaturated bonds into the acyl chain. The level of expression and activity of different types of desaturases determines profiles of PUFAs. It is well recognized that qualitative and quantitative changes in the PUFA profile, resulting from alterations in the expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases, are associated with many pathological conditions. Understanding of underlying mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase activity and their functional modification will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of PUFA.
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Yue XH, Chen WC, Wang ZM, Liu PY, Li XY, Lin CB, Lu SH, Huang FH, Wan X. Lipid Distribution Pattern and Transcriptomic Insights Revealed the Potential Mechanism of Docosahexaenoic Acid Traffics in Schizochytrium sp. A-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9683-9693. [PMID: 31379160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. A-2 is a heterotrophic marine fungus used for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, the pattern of the distribution of DHA and how DHA is channeled into phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) are unknown. In this study, we systematically analyzed the distribution of DHA in TAG and PL during the growth of the cell. The migration of DHA from PL to TAG was presumed during the fermentation cycle. DHA and docosapentaenoic acid were accumulated in both TAG and phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid was mainly deposited in PC. RNA seq revealed that malic enzyme may provide lipogenic NADPH. In addition, long-chain acyl-CoA synthase and acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase may participate in the accumulation of DHA in PL. No phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase was identified from the genome sequence. In contrast, phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-mediated acyl-CoA-independent TAG synthesis pathway and phospholipase C may contribute to the channeling of DHA from PC to TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Yue
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops , Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wang
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd , Wuhan 430223 , P. R. China
| | - Peng-Yang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd , Wuhan 430223 , P. R. China
| | - Chu-Bin Lin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Shu-Huan Lu
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd , Wuhan 430223 , P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops , Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops , Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
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