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He Y, Yu Q, Ma X, Lv D, Wang H, Qiu W, Chen XF, Jiao Y, Liu Y. A metabolomics approach reveals metabolic disturbance of human cholangiocarcinoma cells after parthenolide treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118075. [PMID: 38513779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip, commonly known as feverfew, has been traditionally used to treat fever, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Parthenolide (PTL), the main bioactive ingredient isolated from the shoots of feverfew, is a sesquiterpene lactone with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Previous studies showed that PTL exerts anticancer activity in various cancers, including hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. However, the metabolic mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of PTL remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the anticancer activity and underlying mechanism of PTL in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this investigation, the effects and mechanisms of PTL on human cholangiocarcinoma cells were investigated via a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomics approach. First, cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry analysis, and western blotting. Then, LC/MS-based metabolic profiling along with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) has been constructed to distinguish the metabolic changes between the negative control group and the PTL-treated group in TFK1 cells. Next, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to investigate the changes of metabolic enzymes associated with significantly alerted metabolites. Finally, the metabolic network related to key metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways was established using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway Database. RESULTS PTL treatment could induce the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of TFK1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Forty-three potential biomarkers associated with the antitumor effect of PTL were identified, which primarily related to glutamine and glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid catabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. Pathway analysis of upstream and downstream metabolites, we found three key metabolic enzymes, including glutaminase (GLS), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which mainly involved in glutamine and glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. The changes of metabolic enzymes associated with significantly alerted metabolites were consistent with the levels of metabolites, and the metabolic network related to key metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways was established. PTL may exert its antitumor effect against cholangiocarcinoma by disturbing metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we selected two positive control agents that are considered as first-line chemotherapy standards in cholangiocarcinoma therapy to verify the reliability and accuracy of our metabolomic study on PTL. CONCLUSION This research enhanced our comprehension of the metabolic profiling and mechanism of PTL treatment on cholangiocarcinoma cells, which provided some references for further research into the anti-cancer mechanisms of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China; School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Chongzuo, Guangxi, Chongzuo, 532200, China
| | - Qianxue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weian Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Zhang R, Bai D, Zhen W, Hu X, Zhang H, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Ito K, Zhang B, Yang Y, Li J, Ma Y. Aspirin eugenol ester affects ileal barrier function, inflammatory response and microbiota in broilers under lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stress conditions. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1401909. [PMID: 38872795 PMCID: PMC11169880 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1401909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) on ileal immune function in broilers under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune stress. Methods Two hundred and forty one-day-old male Arbor Acres chicks were randomly divided into four groups (saline, LPS, saline + AEE and LPS + AEE) with six replicates of ten broilers each. The saline group and LPS group were fed the normal diet, while the other two groups received normal diet plus 0.1 g/kg AEE. Broilers in the LPS and LPS + AEE groups were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg B.W LPS in saline for seven consecutive days beginning at 14 days of age, while broilers in the saline and saline + AEE groups were injected with saline only. Results The results showed that AEE improved the ileal morphology and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of immune-stressed broilers. LPS-induced immune stress significantly reduced the expression of the genes for the tight junction proteins occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1 and claudin-2, in the ileum, while AEE significantly up-regulated the expression of these genes. Compared with the saline group, the LPS-treated chickens showed significantly increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthesase-1 (mPGES-1) in the ileum, while they were significantly decreased by AEE supplementation. In addition, analysis of the ileal bacterial composition showed that compared with saline and LPS + AEE groups, the proportion of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in the LPS group was lower, while the proportion of Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella was higher. Similarly, Line Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis showed that compared with the LPS group, Brevibacillus was dominant in the saline group, while the LPS + AEE group was rich in Rhizobium, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, Negativibacillus, Oscillospiraceae, and Flavonifractor. Conclusion These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0.1 g/kg AEE could protect the intestinal health by improving the intestinal villus morphology, enhancing the expression of tight junction genes and alleviating inflammation to resist the immune stress caused by LPS stimulation in broilers, and the mechanism may involve COX-2-related signal transduction and improved intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongying Bai
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiale Zhong
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Science and Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Luoyang, China
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Tao Q, Liu XW, Zhang ZD, Ma N, Lu XR, Ge WB, Li JY, Yang YJ. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17434. [PMID: 38139262 PMCID: PMC10743450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a complex and recurrent inflammatory disease. Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic experiments showed that aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) has good anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. However, the role of AEE in regulating intestinal inflammation has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate whether AEE could have a protective effect on LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and thus help to alleviate the damage to the intestinal barrier. This was assessed with an inflammation model in Caco-2 cells and in rats induced with LPS. The expression of inflammatory mediators, intestinal epithelial barrier-related proteins, and redox-related signals was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR. Intestinal damage was assessed by histopathological examination. Changes in rat gut microbiota and their functions were detected by the gut microbial metagenome. AEE significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (p < 0.05) and oxidative stress levels in Caco-2 cells and rats. Compared with the LPS group, AEE could increase the relative expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and decrease the relative expression of kappa-B (NF-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-9. AEE could significantly improve weight loss, diarrhea, reduced intestinal muscle thickness, and intestinal villi damage in rats. Metagenome results showed that AEE could regulate the homeostasis of the gut flora and alter the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Flora enrichment analysis indicated that the regulation of gut flora with AEE may be related to the regulation of glucose metabolism and energy metabolism. AEE could have positive effects on intestinal inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Xiao-Rong Lu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.T.); (X.-W.L.); (Z.-D.Z.); (X.-R.L.); (W.-B.G.)
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Liu C, Lei S, Cai T, Cheng Y, Bai J, Fu W, Huang M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity mediates TNF-α-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C780-C795. [PMID: 37575057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00153.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial dysfunction have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to elucidate the role of iNOS in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate data analysis was used to characterize the metabolic changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to different treatment conditions. In addition, molecular biology techniques were employed to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of iNOS in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhances the expression of iNOS, TXNIP, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitates the entry of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus and promotes injury in HUVECs. iNOS deficiency reversed the TNF-α-mediated pathological changes in HUVECs. Moreover, TNF-α increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR-2) and the levels of p-IκBα and IL-6 proteins and CD31, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 protein expression, which was significantly reduced in HUVECs with iNOS deficiency. In addition, treating HUVECs in the absence or presence of TNF-α or iNOS, respectively, enabled the identification of putative endogenous biomarkers associated with endothelial dysfunction. These biomarkers were involved in critical metabolic pathways, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. iNOS deficiency during vascular endothelial dysfunction may affect the expression of TNFR-2, vascular adhesion factors, and the level of ROS via cellular metabolic changes, thereby attenuating vascular endothelial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency during vascular endothelial dysfunction may affect the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 and vascular adhesion factors via cellular metabolic changes, thereby attenuating vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sujuan Lei
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianying Cai
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Xu Q, Wu H, Zhu H, Lu C, Tao J, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Grain-sized moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) promotes hepatic autophagy in rats with hyperlipidemia by regulating the ULK1 and TFEB expression through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15316. [PMID: 37144182 PMCID: PMC10151263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Grain-sized moxibustion is an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia, but how it regulates dyslipidemia and liver lipid deposits still needs to be fully understood. This study explored the molecular biological mechanism of grain-sized moxibustion to regulate hepatic autophagy in hyperlipidemic rats by affecting ULK1 and TFEB through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemic rats were divided into the HFD group, HFD + Statin group, HFD + CC + Moxi group, and grain-sized moxibustion intervention group (HFD + Moxi group). The control (Blank) group consisted of normal rats without any intervention. Grain-sized moxibustion and drug interventions were initiated eight weeks after high-fat diet induction and continued for ten weeks. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as hepatic triglyceride (TG), were measured after treatment. Hepatic steatosis and the expression of LC3I, LC3II, p62, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR, mTOR, ULK1, p-ULK1, and TFEB in the liver were analyzed. Results Compared with the HFD group, grain-sized moxibustion improved hyperlipidemia and hepatocyte steatosis, increased the LC3, p-AMPK, p-ULK1, and nuclear TFEB expression in the liver, but decreased the p62 and p-mTOR expression. Conclusion Grain-sized moxibustion at ST36 acupoints could regulate the blood lipid level of SD rats with hyperlipidemia, increase the expression level of ULK1 and TFEB by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in liver tissues, and initiate the transcription of autophagy genes such as LC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Huanxi Wu
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chengxuan Lu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiangjia Tao
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ziqiu Zhou
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College/the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
- Corresponding author.Jiangsu Second Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
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The Role of Amino Acids in Endothelial Biology and Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081372. [PMID: 35456051 PMCID: PMC9030017 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as an important component of the vascular system. It is a barrier between the blood and vessel wall. It plays an important role in regulating blood vessel tone, permeability, angiogenesis, and platelet functions. Several studies have shown that amino acids (AA) are key regulators in maintaining vascular homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, survival, and function. This review summarizes the metabolic and signaling pathways of AAs in ECs and discusses the importance of AA homeostasis in the functioning of ECs and vascular homeostasis. It also discusses the challenges in understanding the role of AA in the development of cardiovascular pathophysiology and possible directions for future research.
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Old and New Biomarkers Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Hyperglycemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:7887426. [PMID: 34987703 PMCID: PMC8723873 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7887426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and vascular damage are strictly related. Biomarkers of vascular damage have been intensively studied in the recent years in the quest of reliable cardiovascular risk assessment tools able to facilitate risk stratification and early detection of vascular impairment. The present study is a narrative review with the aim of revising the available evidence on current and novel markers of hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage. After a discussion of classic tools used to investigate endothelial dysfunction, we provide an in-depth description of novel circulating biomarkers (chemokines, extracellular vesicles, and epigenetic and metabolomic biomarkers). Appropriate use of a single as well as a cluster of the discussed biomarkers might enable in a near future (a) the prompt identification of targeted and customized treatment strategies and (b) the follow-up of cardiovascular treatment efficacy over time in clinical research and/or in clinical practice.
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Protective Activity of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Paraquat-Induced Cell Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6697872. [PMID: 34394831 PMCID: PMC8360752 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new pharmaceutical compound esterified by aspirin and eugenol, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AEE on paraquat- (PQ-) induced cell damage of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and its potential molecular mechanism. There was no significant change in cell viability when AEE was used alone. PQ treatment reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. However, AEE reduced the PQ-induced loss of cell viability. Flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Compared with the PQ group, AEE pretreatment could significantly inhibit PQ-induced cell damage. AEE pretreatment could reduce the cell damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced by PQ via reducing superoxide anion, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and increasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). At the same time, AEE could increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decrease the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, while the expression of caspase-3 and Bax was significantly increased in the PQ group. In the AEE group, AEE pretreatment could upregulate the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulate the expression of caspase-3 and Bax in SH-SY5Y cells. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the silencing of PI3K by shRNA could weaken the protective effect of AEE on PQ-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, AEE has a protective effect on PQ-induced SH-SY5Y cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.
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Effect of fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus CH-2 on the enzymatic browning of pear juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The Protective Effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Oxidative Stress to PC12 Cells Stimulated with H 2O 2 through Regulating PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5527475. [PMID: 34257805 PMCID: PMC8249132 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new pharmaceutical compound esterified by aspirin and eugenol, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. This study is aimed at identifying the protective effect of AEE against H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the possible mechanisms. The results of cell viability assay showed that AEE could increase the viability of PC12 cells stimulated by H2O2, while AEE alone had no significant effect on the viability of PC12 cells. Compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly decreased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in the H2O2 group. By AEE pretreatment, the level of MDA was reduced and the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were increased in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. In addition, AEE could reduce the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H2O2 via reducing superoxide anion, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and increasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, the results of western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, while the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax was significantly increased in the H2O2 group. In the AEE group, AEE pretreatment could upregulate the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulate the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in PC12 cells stimulated with H2O2. The silencing of PI3K with shRNA and its inhibitor-LY294002 could abrogate the protective effect of AEE in PC12 cells. Therefore, AEE has a protective effect on H2O2-induced PC12 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.
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Wu Y, Ma Y, Li J, Zhou XL, Li L, Xu PX, Li XR, Xue M. The bioinformatics and metabolomics research on anti-hypoxic molecular mechanisms of Salidroside via regulating the PTEN mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:442-453. [PMID: 34092295 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL), a major bioactive compound of Rhodiola crenulata, has significant anti-hypoxia effect, however, its underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. In order to explore the protective mechanism of SAL, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) were measured to establish the PC12 cell hypoxic model. Cell staining and cell viability analyses were performed to evaluate the protective effects of SAL. The metabolomics and bioinformatics methods were used to explore the protective effects of salidroside under hypoxia condition. The metabolite-protein interaction networks were further established and the protein expression level was examined by Western blotting. The results showed that 59 endogenous metabolites changed and the expression of the hub proteins of CK2, p-PTEN/PTEN, PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 were increased, suggesting that SAL could increase the expression of CK2, which induced the phosphorylation and inactivation of PTEN, reduced the inhibitory effect on PI3K signaling pathways and activated the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB survival signaling pathway. Our study provided an important insight to reveal the protective molecular mechanism of SAL as a novel drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xue-Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lei Li
- Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ping-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Beijing 100053, China.
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Enayati A, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Spice-Derived Phytochemicals. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1197-1223. [PMID: 32368966 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505084620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is characterized by oxidized lipid deposition and inflammation in the arterial wall and represents a significant problem in public health and medicine. Some dietary spices have been widely used in many countries; however, the mechanism of their action as it relates to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the properties of various spice-derived active ingredients used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as well as associated atherosclerotic risk factors. We provide a summary of the mechanisms of action, epidemiological analyses, and studies of various components of spice used in the clinic, animal models, and cell lines related to atherosclerosis. Most notably, we focused on mechanisms of action by which these spice-derived compounds elicit their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as their involvement in selected biochemical and signal transduction pathways. It is suggested that future research should aim to design well-controlled clinical trials and more thoroughly investigate the role of spices and their active components in the prevention/treatment of atherosclerosis. Based on this literature review, it appears that spices and their active components are well tolerated and have few adverse side effects and, therefore, provide a promising adjunctive treatment strategy for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Zuo Q, Zou Y, Huang S, Wang T, Xu Y, Zhang T, Zhang M, Ge Z, Jiang Z. Aspirin reduces sFlt-1-mediated apoptosis of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6119638. [PMID: 33493277 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Low-dose aspirin is used to reduce the occurrence of early-onset PE; however, the mechanisms are not clear. The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of aspirin in reducing sFlt-1-mediated apoptosis of trophoblast cells in PE. Serum sFlt-1 and sEng profiles and placental oxidative stress levels were significantly decreased in PE patients treated with aspirin compared with untreated patients without it, whereas serum PLGF and placental SOD profiles were increased in PE patients with aspirin. Aspirin attenuated the role of sFlt-1 in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and reduced apoptosis of trophoblasts by inactivating the NF-κB signalling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. Blood pressure, urine protein, swelling of the villous vessels and mitochondrial parameters were noted to be much better after aspirin administrated to sFlt-1 treated pregnant mice. In conclusion, aspirin reverses the endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by sFlt-1 and thus reduces apoptosis of preeclamptic trophoblasts by inactivating NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the affiliated Hospital of Yantai Yuhuagnding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Shiyun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tianjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhiping Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Zhang ZD, Yang YJ, Liu XW, Qin Z, Li SH, Li JY. The Protective Effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Paraquat-Induced Acute Liver Injury Rats. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:589011. [PMID: 33392217 PMCID: PMC7773779 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.589011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of AEE on paraquat-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in rats. AEE was against ALI by decreasing alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels in blood, increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels, and decreasing malondialdehyde levels in blood and liver. A total of 32 metabolites were identified as biomarkers by using metabolite analysis of liver homogenate based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which belonged to purine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis, ether lipid metabolism, beta-Alanine metabolism, lysine degradation, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. Western blotting analyses showed that Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3, caspase-9, and apoptosis-inducing factor expression levels were obviously decreased, whereas Bcl-2 expression levels obviously increased after AEE treatment. AEE exhibited protective effects on PQ-induced ALI, and the underlying mechanism is correlated with antioxidants that regulate amino acid, phospholipid and energy metabolism metabolic pathway disorders and alleviate liver mitochondria apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
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Balcerczyk A, Damblon C, Elena-Herrmann B, Panthu B, Rautureau GJP. Metabolomic Approaches to Study Chemical Exposure-Related Metabolism Alterations in Mammalian Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6843. [PMID: 32961865 PMCID: PMC7554780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological organisms are constantly exposed to an immense repertoire of molecules that cover environmental or food-derived molecules and drugs, triggering a continuous flow of stimuli-dependent adaptations. The diversity of these chemicals as well as their concentrations contribute to the multiplicity of induced effects, including activation, stimulation, or inhibition of physiological processes and toxicity. Metabolism, as the foremost phenotype and manifestation of life, has proven to be immensely sensitive and highly adaptive to chemical stimuli. Therefore, studying the effect of endo- or xenobiotics over cellular metabolism delivers valuable knowledge to apprehend potential cellular activity of individual molecules and evaluate their acute or chronic benefits and toxicity. The development of modern metabolomics technologies such as mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy now offers unprecedented solutions for the rapid and efficient determination of metabolic profiles of cells and more complex biological systems. Combined with the availability of well-established cell culture techniques, these analytical methods appear perfectly suited to determine the biological activity and estimate the positive and negative effects of chemicals in a variety of cell types and models, even at hardly detectable concentrations. Metabolic phenotypes can be estimated from studying intracellular metabolites at homeostasis in vivo, while in vitro cell cultures provide additional access to metabolites exchanged with growth media. This article discusses analytical solutions available for metabolic phenotyping of cell culture metabolism as well as the general metabolomics workflow suitable for testing the biological activity of molecular compounds. We emphasize how metabolic profiling of cell supernatants and intracellular extracts can deliver valuable and complementary insights for evaluating the effects of xenobiotics on cellular metabolism. We note that the concepts and methods discussed primarily for xenobiotics exposure are widely applicable to drug testing in general, including endobiotics that cover active metabolites, nutrients, peptides and proteins, cytokines, hormones, vitamins, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Christian Damblon
- Unité de Recherche MolSys, Faculté des sciences, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | | | - Baptiste Panthu
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins CEDEX, France;
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins CEDEX, France
| | - Gilles J. P. Rautureau
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN FRE 2034 CNRS, UCBL, ENS Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Wihastuti TA, Aini FN, Tjahjono CT, Heriansyah T. Dietary Ethanolic Extract of Mangosteen pericarp Reduces VCAM-1, Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Aortic Intimal Medial Thickness in Hypercholesterolemic Rat Model. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3158-3163. [PMID: 31949509 PMCID: PMC6953934 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with dyslipidemia which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia causes oxidative stress which induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Oxidative stress also triggers the thickening of tunica intima-media (IMT) and Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT). Xanthone compound in ethanolic extract of Mangosteen pericarp (EEMP) has an antioxidant property to overcome the oxidative stress. AIM: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary EEMP administration on the expression of VCAM-1 and thickness of PVAT and IMT in atherosclerotic rat model fed with HFD. METHODS: This experimental laboratory study uses 25 Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus which were divided into 5 study groups. Negative Control group (GT1) was given a normal diet, Positive Control group (GT2) was treated with HFD, and three treatment groups were each treated with HFD with Mangosteen pericarp extract of 200 mg/kg BW (GT3), 400 mg/kg BW (GT4), and 800 mg/kg BW (GT5). Measurements of VCAM-1 expression were performed using immunofluorescence. PVAT and IMT measurements were performed on rat aortic preparations. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed the addition of dietary EEMP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the expression of VCAM-1 and decreased the thickness of PVAT and IMT in treatment groups as compared with both negative and positive controls. Tukey HSD test showed a dose of 800 mg/kg BW was the most effective dose for decreasing VCAM-1 level, PVAT and IMT. CONCLUSION: Dietary EEMP significantly decreases the expression of VCAM-1, as well as the thickness of PVAT and IMT in Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus treated with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Basic Science in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Fitria Nugraha Aini
- Departement of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Cholid Tri Tjahjono
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Heriansyah
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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