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Ge P, Xie H, Guo Y, Jin H, Chen L, Chen Z, Liu Y. Linoleyl acetate and mandenol alleviate HUA-induced ED via NLRP3 inflammasome and JAK2/STAT3 signalling conduction in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70075. [PMID: 39245800 PMCID: PMC11381191 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by elevated blood uric acid levels, which can increase the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). Clinical studies have demonstrated satisfactory efficacy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula QYHT decoction in improving ED. Furthermore, the main monomeric components of this formula, linoleyl acetate and mandenol, demonstrate promise in the treatment of ED. This study established an ED rat model induced by HUA and the animals were administered with linoleyl acetate and mandenol. HE and TUNEL were performed to detect tissue changes, ELISA to measure the levels of serum testosterone (T), MDA, NO, CRP, and TNF-α and qPCR and WB to assess the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, JAK2, and STAT3 in whole blood. The findings showed that linoleyl acetate and mandenol improved kidney tissue morphology, reduced cell apoptosis in penile tissue, significantly increased T and NO levels, while substantially decreasing levels of MDA, CRP, and TNF-α. Meanwhile, the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 mRNAs and proteins was markedly reduced, and the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was inhibited. These findings were further validated through faecal microbiota transplantation results. Taken together, linoleyl acetate and mandenol could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, suppress the activity of JAK-STAT signalling pathway, ultimately providing a potential treatment for HUA-induced ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Ge
- First Clinical College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong Xie
- First Clinical College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yinxue Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hang Jin
- First Clinical College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lan Chen
- First Clinical College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- First Clinical College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Province, China
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Wu H, Lv Y, Zhao M, Tang R, Li Y, Fang K, Wei F, Ge W, Du W, Li C, Zhang Y. Study on the substance basis of the efficacy of eucommiae cortex before and after salt processing for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome based on the spectrum-effect relationship. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116926. [PMID: 37479066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is one of the common diseases of the elderly and closely related to the ageing of the body, it has a major impact on the quality of life of the patient. Eucommiae Cortex (EC) is the dried bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Which has the effect of tonifying the liver and kidneys, strengthening the muscles and bones. In Traditional Chinese Medicine clinics, EC is commonly used in the treatment of KYDS, but the material basis for the improvement of its efficacy in treating KYDS after salt processing remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to find the main active ingredients that could improve the treatment of KYDS efficacy of EC after salt processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the fingerprints of raw and salt-processed EC were established to determine the common components by using HPLC, and then an experimental study on the treatment of KYDS efficacy was carried out to compare the difference in the efficacy between raw and salt-processed EC. Thirdly, the spectrum-effect relationship of chemical components and pharmacodynamic indexes was established by using Grey Relational Analysis and Entropy Method. Finally, the network pharmacology and molecular docking technique was used to verify the kidney tonifying effect of the active ingredients of EC. RESULTS According to the results of the analysis of hormonal index levels on the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis and the extent of renal lesions, the therapeutic effect of EC on KYDS was mainly reflected in the regulation of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Corticosterone in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and Tri-iodothyronine, Tetra-iodothyronine in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, moreover the therapeutic effect of salt-processed EC was stronger than that of raw EC. The pharmacologically active ingredients that improved its treatment of KYDS efficacy after salt processing were peak 1 (geniposidic acid), peak 2 (chlorogenic acid), peak 5 (geniposide), peak 6 (genipin), peak 7 (pinoresinol diglucoside) and peak 11 (hyperoside). Meanwhile, the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that the 6 active ingredients could exert kidney tonic effects through multiple signaling pathways by acting on core targets such as AKT1 and PTGS2. CONCLUSION As far as we known, this was the first time to establish and compare the spectrum-effect relationship between raw and salt-processed EC, which laid the foundation for the pharmacokinetics studies of EC and provided a reference for future EC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangsha Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Yue Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Yafei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Keer Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Feiyang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Weihong Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Changyu Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Yefeng Zhang
- Ningbo Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315336, PR China
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Liu M, Fan G, Liu H. Integrated bioinformatics and network pharmacology identifying the mechanisms and molecular targets of Guipi Decoction for treatment of comorbidity with depression and gastrointestinal disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:183-197. [PMID: 37847347 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guipi decoction (GPD) not only improves gastrointestinal (GI) function, but also depressive mood. The bioinformatics study aimed to reveal potential crosstalk genes and related pathways between depression and GI disorders. A network pharmacology approach was used to explore the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of GPD for the simultaneous treatment of depression comorbid GI disorders. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of major depressive disorder (MDD) were identified based on GSE98793 and GSE19738, and GI disorders-related genes were screened from the GeneCards database. Overlapping genes between MDD and GI disorders were obtained to identify potential crosstalk genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for hub genes, signature genes were identified by LASSO regression analysis, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to analyze immune cell infiltration. In addition, based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, we screened the active ingredients and targets of GPD and identified the intersection targets of GPD with MDD and GI disorder-related genes, respectively. A "component-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. RESULTS The MDD-corrected dataset contained 2619 DEGs, and a total of 109 crosstalk genes were obtained. 14 hub genes were screened, namely SOX2, CRP, ACE, LEP, SHH, CDH2, CD34, TNF, EGF, BDNF, FN1, IL10, PPARG, and KIT. These genes were identified by LASSO regression analysis for 3 signature genes, including TNF, EGF, and IL10. Gamma.delta.T.cell was significantly positively correlated with all three signature genes, while Central.memory.CD4.T.cell and Central.memory.CD8.T.cell were significantly negatively correlated with EGF and TNF. GPD contained 134 active ingredients and 248 targets, with 41 and 87 relevant targets for the treatment of depression and GI disorders, respectively. EGF, PPARG, IL10 and CRP overlap with the hub genes of the disease. CONCLUSION We found that GPD may regulate inflammatory and oxidative stress responses through EGF, PPARG, IL10 and CRP targets, and then be involved in the treatment of both depression and GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Liu
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Genhao Fan
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huayi Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Zhang ML, Zhao X, Li WX, Wang XY, Niu M, Zhang H, Chen YL, Kong DX, Gao Y, Guo YM, Bai ZF, Zhao YL, Tang JF, Xiao XH. Yin/Yang associated differential responses to Psoralea corylifolia Linn. In rat models: an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics study. Chin Med 2023; 18:102. [PMID: 37592331 PMCID: PMC10433582 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (BGZ) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (Yangsyn) with good curative effect and security. However, BGZ was also reported to induce liver injury in recent years. According to TCM theory, taking BGZ may induce a series of adverse reactions in patients with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (Yinsyn), which suggests that BGZ-induced liver damage may be related to its unreasonable clinical use. AIM OF THE STUDY Liver injury caused by TCM is a rare but potentially serious adverse drug reaction, and the identification of predisposed individuals for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains challenging. The study aimed to investigate the differential responses to BGZ in Yangsyn and Yinsyn rat models and identify the corresponding characteristic biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The corresponding animal models of Yangsyn and Yinsyn were induced by hydrocortisone and thyroxine + reserpine respectively. Body weight, organ index, serum biochemistry, and Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate the liver toxicity effect of BGZ on rats with Yangsyn and Yinsyn. Transcriptomics and metabonomics were used to screen the representative biomarkers (including metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs)) changed by BGZ in Yangsyn and Yinsyn rats, respectively. RESULTS The level changes of liver organ index, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), suggested that BGZ has liver-protective and liver-damaging effects on Yangsyn and Yinsyn rats, respectively, and the results also were confirmed by the pathological changes of liver tissue. The results showed that 102 DEGs and 27 metabolites were significantly regulated related to BGZ's protective effect on Yangsyn, which is mainly associated with the glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, pantothenate, and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathways. While 28 DEGs and 31 metabolites, related to the pathway of pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, were significantly regulated for the BGZ-induced liver injury in Yinsyn. Furthermore, 4 DEGs (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1 (Aldh1b1), solute carrier family 25 member 25 (Slc25a25), Pim-3 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (Pim3), out at first homolog (Oaf)) and 4 metabolites (phosphatidate, phosphatidylcholine, N-Acetylleucine, biliverdin) in the Yangsyn group and 1 DEG [galectin 5 (Lgals5)] and 1 metabolite (5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate) in Yinsyn group were significantly correlated to the ALT and AST levels of BGZ treated and untreated groups (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) ≥ 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Yinsyn and Yangsyn are the predisposed syndromes for BGZ to exert liver damage and liver protection respectively, which are mainly related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. The results further suggest that attention should be paid to the selection of predisposed populations when using drugs related to the regulation of energy metabolism, and the Yinsyn/Yangsyn animal models based on the theory of TCM syndromes may be a feasible method for identifying the susceptible population to receive TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xia Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Fang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Fa Tang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Du W, Lv Y, Wu H, Li Y, Tang R, Zhao M, Wei F, Li C, Ge W. Research on the effect of Dipsaci Radix before and after salt-processed on kidney yang deficiency syndrome rats and the preliminary mechanism study through the BMP-Smad signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116480. [PMID: 37061069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dipsaci Radix (DR) is the dry root of Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of DR on rats before and after salt-processed with kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS), and we selected the BMP-Smad signaling pathway to explore the mechanism of DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of KYDS was established by subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone, the crude DR (CDR) and salt-processed DR (SDR) were given the corresponding dose (2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, and 6 g/kg). The organ index and the contents of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortistatin (CORT), thyroid hormone (T4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), Na+-K+-ATPase, and growth hormone (GH) in serum were measured to evaluate the intervention effect of DR on KYDS rats. The expression of Smad 1, Smad 4, Smad 5, Smad 8, and BMP 7 protein in kidney was determined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The effects of DR on 5 expression factors in the BMP-Smad signaling pathway were studied. Constituents absorbed into blood were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the model group, the thymus and kidney index, as well as the contents of ACTH, CORT, cAMP, GH, Na+-K+-ATPase, T, T4, and E2 were significantly increased in the CDR and SDR groups, and the contents of cGMP and TNF-α were significantly decreased. Compared with the CDR high dose group, ACTH, Na+-K+-ATPase, T, and T4 were significantly increased in the SDR high dose group. The results of immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and Western blot analysis showed that compared with the model group, the expression levels of Smad 1, Smad 4, Smad 5, Smad 8 and BMP 7 proteins in the kidney of DR groups were significantly increased. And SDR groups tended to be better than CDR groups. 8 constituents migrating to blood were identified. CONCLUSION This study showed that both CDR and SDR could have a good therapeutic effect on KYDS, and SDR was better than CDR. This study chose the BMP-Smad signaling pathway to study the mechanism of DR in the treatment of KYDS and provided a scientific basis for the processing mechanism of salt-processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China; Research Center of TCM Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Yue Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China.
| | - Hangsha Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China.
| | - Yafei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China
| | - Feiyang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China
| | - Changyu Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China.
| | - Weihong Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, PR China; Research Center of TCM Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
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Lu Q, Feng Q, Yu J, Tong L, Zhang J, Sun J, Zhao J, Xiong Z. Metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry revealed the preventive mechanism of Gushudan in kidney-yang-deficiency-syndrome rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5569. [PMID: 36527197 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kidney-yang-deficiency-syndrome (KYDS) is a metabolic disease caused by neuroendocrine disorder. Gushudan (GSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with the effect of nourishing kidney and strengthening bones. In this study, the mechanism of preventive effect of GSD on KYDS was explored by integrating metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. Reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction chromatography-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (RP/HILIC-UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)-based serum metabolomics indicated metabolic disturbances of KYDS rats, and 50 potential biomarkers including l-threonine, succinic acid and phytosphingosine were obtained, which were mainly involved in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and glycerophospholipid metabolism, among others. Serum pharmacochemistry identified 29 prototypical ingredients and 9 metabolites of GSD after administration, such as icaritin and xanthotoxol. The combination of 10 serum migration ingredients in GSD, including icaritin and osthole, with 7 important targets, including AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) and MAPK14, was found to be key for GSD to prevent KYDS in the network pharmacology study. This study provided a new idea for the research of pathogenesis of diseases and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- Sunwah International Business School, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinghan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning Province, China
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Xu B, Yang Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Huang Y, Ding X, Chu J, Peng T, Wu D, Jin C, Li W, Cai B, Wang X. 16S rDNA sequencing combined with metabolomics profiling with multi-index scoring method reveals the mechanism of salt-processed Semen Cuscuta in Bushen Antai mixture on kidney yang deficiency syndrome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1216:123602. [PMID: 36652816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a classic syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The salt-processed product of Semen Cuscuta (YP) is the monarch drug in Bushen Antai Mixture (BAM), can improve the reproductive dysfunction caused by KYDS, and the effect is better than that of raw products of Semen Cuscuta (SP). However, its mechanism is not completely clear yet. In this study, an integrated strategy combining untargeted metabolomics with microbiology was used to explore the mechanism of YP in the BAM improving KYDS. 16S rDNA gene sequencing showed that BAM containing YP (Y-BAM) had a significantly better regulatory effect on Desulfobacterota and Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified than BAM containing SP (S-BAM). Untargeted metabolomics studies showed that Y-BAM significantly regulated 4 metabolites and 4 metabolic pathways. In addition, multi-index analysis showed that the effect of Y-BAM on arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, purine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism and total metabolism was closer to that of the control group compared to S-BAM. The analysis of serum biochemical indexes showed that Y-BAM had more significant regulating effect on the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum of KYDS rats compared to S-BAM. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between intestinal microorganisms and metabolites and serum biochemical indexes. For example, Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified was positively correlated with arachidonic acid, and negatively correlated with SOD and LH. This study suggests that YP may enhance the regulation of intestinal flora and endogenous metabolism of KYDS, so that BAM shows a better therapeutic effect on KYDS, which also reasonably explains why BAM uses Semen Cuscuta stir-baked with salt solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zhitong Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zilu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ximeng Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jijun Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tangyi Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Deling Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chuanshan Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Heritage Base of TCM Processing Technolovgy of NATCM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Heritage Base of TCM Processing Technolovgy of NATCM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei 230012, China.
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Sun E, Huang R, Ding K, Wang L, Hou J, Tan X, Wei Y, Feng L, Jia X. Integrating strategies of metabolomics, network pharmacology, and experiment validation to investigate the processing mechanism of Epimedium fried with suet oil to warm kidney and enhance yang. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113213. [PMID: 36762111 PMCID: PMC9905240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used in ancient and modern China, is one of the traditional Chinese medicines clinically used to treat kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS). There are differences in the efficacy of Epimedium before and after processing, and the effect of warming the kidney and enhancing yang is significantly enhanced after heating with suet oil. However, the active compounds, corresponding targets, metabolic pathways, and synergistic mechanism of frying Epimedium in suet oil to promote yang, remain unclear. Methods: Herein, a strategy based on comprehensive GC-TOF/MS metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis was used to construct an "active compounds-targets-metabolic pathways" network to identify the active compounds, targets and metabolic pathways involved. Subsequently, the targets in kidney tissue were further validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Histopathological analysis with physical and biochemical parameters were performed. Results: Fifteen biomarkers from urine and plasma, involving five known metabolic pathways related to kidney yang deficiency were screened. The network pharmacology results showed 37 active compounds (13 from Epimedium and 24 from suet oil), 159 targets, and 267 pathways with significant correlation. Importantly, integrated metabolomics and network pharmacologic analysis revealed 13 active compounds (nine from Epimedium and four from suet oil), 7 corresponding targets (ALDH2, ARG2, GSTA3, GSTM1, GSTM2, HPGDS, and NOS2), two metabolic pathways (glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism), and two biomarkers (Ornithine and 5-Oxoproline) associated with improved kidney yang deficiency by Epimedium fried with suet oil. Discussion: These finds may elucidate the underlying mechanism of yang enhancement via kidney warming effects. Our study indicated that the mechanism of action mainly involved oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. Here, we demonstrated the novel strategies of integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology in exploring of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: E. Sun, ; Xiaobin Jia,
| | - Ran Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: E. Sun, ; Xiaobin Jia,
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9
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Integrated RNA-Seq Analysis Uncovers the Potential Mechanism of the “Kidney Governing Bones” Theory of TCM. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7044775. [PMID: 35399624 PMCID: PMC8986393 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7044775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. As in philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the theory of “kidney governing bones” has been demonstrated by a series of scientific studies. Furthermore, many groups including ours have explored the molecular mechanisms related to bone development, growth, and regeneration using modern biology technologies, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (ITRAQ), and have demonstrated that the underlying molecular mechanisms were highly consistent with the “kidney governing bones” theory. Objective. Kidney-yang deficiency (YD), as a pathological condition, has a passive effect on the skeleton growth; more specifically, it is a state of skeletal metabolic disorder. However, the exact molecular mechanisms related to the “kidney governing bones” theory under the control of multiple organs and systems are still unknown. Methods. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis to investigate and compare the gene expression patterns of six types of tissue (bone, cartilage, kidney, testicle, thyroid gland, and adrenal gland) from YD rats and normal rats and analyzed the interaction effects controlled by multiple functional genes and signaling pathways between those tissues. Results. Our results showed that, in the state of YD, the functions of bone and cartilage were inhibited. Furthermore, multiple organs involving the reproductive, endocrine, and urinary systems were also investigated, and our results showed that YD could cause dysfunctions of these systems by downregulating multiple functional genes and signaling pathways that positively regulate the homeostasis of these tissues. Conclusion. We ensure that “kidney governing bones” was not a simple change in a single gene but the changes in complex biological networks caused by functional changes in multiple genes. This also coincides with the holistic view of TCM, which holds that the human body itself is an organic whole and the functional activities of each organ coordinate with each other.
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10
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Yin H, Wang Y, Wang L, Bai X, Zhang J. HPLC-MS/MS based comparative pharmacokinetics of 12 bioactive components in normal and osteoporosis rats after oral administration of You-Gui-Wan. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:832-844. [PMID: 34931459 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
You-Gui-Wan is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that has been extensively used to treat kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. An HPLC-MS/MS method was developed to measure contents of 12 components of You-Gui-Wan in rat plasma. Considering that pathological changes might directly affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs, this method was further applied to compare pharmacokinetics between normal and osteoporotic animals. The results indicated that osteoporosis significantly altered the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the 12 components. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of You-Gui-Wan evaluated under osteoporotic conditions were much closer to clinical practice than that in normal physiological states. Thus, the optimized analytical method, along with the pharmacokinetic evaluation in the osteoporotic model may offer a more comprehensive understanding to elucidate the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of You-Gui-Wan. These findings may aid in developing a more effective treatment plan for osteoporosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China.,Standardization of Chinese medicine research laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China.,Standardization of Chinese medicine research laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China.,Standardization of Chinese medicine research laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China.,Standardization of Chinese medicine research laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
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11
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Lan J, Wu C, Liang W, Shen J, Zhuo Z, Hu L, Ruan L, Zhang P, Ye X, Xu L, Li C, Lin S, Yang C, Wu S, Dong Y, Ren H, Huang H, Gao B, Yao H, Lin T, Chen X, Li C. An Effective Treatment of Perimenopausal Syndrome by Combining Two Traditional Prescriptions of Chinese Botanical Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:744409. [PMID: 34759822 PMCID: PMC8573068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Two types of traditional Chinese formulas of botanical drugs are prescribed for treating perimenopausal syndrome (PMS), a disorder in middle-aged women during their transition to menopause. One is for treating PMS as kidney deficiency (KD) due to senescence and declining reproductive functions, and the other is for treating it as liver qi stagnation (LQS) in association with stress and anxiety. Despite the time-tested prescriptions, an objective attestation to the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese treatment of PMS is still to be established and the associated molecular mechanism is still to be investigated. Materials and methods: A model for PMS was generated from perimenopausal rats with chronic restraint stress (CRS). The effectiveness of traditional Chinese formulas of botanical drugs and a combination of two of the formulas was evaluated based on 1H NMR plasma metabolomic, as well as behavioral and physiological, indicators. To investigate whether the formulas contained ligands that could compensate for the declining level of estrogen, the primary cause of PMS, the ligand-based NMR technique of saturation transfer difference (STD) was employed to detect possible interacting molecules to estrogen receptors in the decoction. Results: Each prescription of the classical Chinese formula moderately attenuated the metabolomic state of the disease model. The best treatment strategy however was to combine two traditional Chinese formulas, each for a different etiology, to adjust the metabolomic state of the disease model to that of rats at a much younger age. In addition, this attenuation of the metabolomics of the disease model was by neither upregulating the estrogen level nor supplementing an estrogenic compound. Conclusion: Treatment of PMS with a traditional Chinese formula of botanical drugs targeting one of the two causes separately could ameliorate the disorder moderately. However, the best outcome was to treat the two causes simultaneously with a decoction that combined ingredients from two traditional prescriptions. The data also implicated a new paradigm for phytotherapy of PMS as the prescribed decoctions contained no interacting compound to modulate the activity of estrogen receptors, in contrast to the treatment strategy of hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen'na Liang
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianying Shen
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luwei Ruan
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengheng Zhang
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Ye
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Leqin Xu
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Chengfu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengyuan Lin
- First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bizhen Gao
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs From Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Candong Li
- Research Base of TCM syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Integrated gut microbiota and fecal metabolomics reveal the renoprotective effect of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata and Corni Fructus on adenine-induced CKD rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1174:122728. [PMID: 33975272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RR) and Corni Fructus (CF), well-known traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), were generally used together in the clinical practices to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) with synergistic effects for thousands of years, but their combination mechanism remains largely unknown so far. Recent evidences have implicated intestinal flora as potential targets for the therapy of CKD. In this study, the CKD rat model was induced by adenine. The levels of proteinuria, serum creatine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were used to assess the cooperation effect of RR and CF. Furthermore, high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing combined with fecal metabonomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS were applied to explore the variations of intestinal flora and their metabolic profiles. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data indicated that CKD rats treated with RR, CF and RC showed the differences in the composition of gut microbiota. The abundance of beneficial bacteria including Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus 1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 were elevated in various degrees, while the opportunistic pathogen such as Desulfovibrio was markedly decreased after the treatment. Moreover, fecal metabolite profiles revealed 15 different metabolites associated with CKD. These metabolites were mainly involved in the related metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, bile acids metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The results implied that gut flora and their metabolites might play a vital role in the progress of CKD, which provided a potential target for the development of novel drugs for the therapy of CKD.
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13
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Traditional Chinese Medicine "Pill", an Ancient Dosage Form with Surprising Modern Pharmaceutical Characteristics. Pharm Res 2021; 38:199-211. [PMID: 33604785 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for healthy living in daily practice is widely accepted across the world. However, not much attention has been paid to the particular characteristics of TCM "pills", one of the classic dosage forms in TCM. For a better understanding, this review was undertaken to provide a modern pharmaceutical overview of pills. Over many centuries, pills have been developed in different types (honeyed pill, water-honeyed pill, watered pill, pasted pill, waxed pill, concentrated pill, and dripping pill) to achieve varying intended TCM release patterns. It suggests that knowledge relating to the impact of binders and excipients on drug release from TCM pills can be traced back to before dissolution testing was invented. Therefore, although Pills may be considered as an ancient and outdated dosage form compared to current drug delivery systems, they have surprisingly modern pharmaceutical properties that is highlighted in this article. In addition, this review found that the quality control standards for TCM pill are globally substantially different. Hence, greater effort should be taken to establish an internationally harmonized and proper standard to safeguard the quality of this dosage form and to ensure the alignment with TCM use.
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14
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Effects of Haima Duobian Pill in a Rat Model of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6696234. [PMID: 33505500 PMCID: PMC7806378 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Modern research shows that Haima Duobian pill (HDP) can relieve the kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS), but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this work was to study the effects of HDP in a rat model of KYDS. Materials and Methods The network pharmacology methods were used to predict the therapeutic effects of Haima Duobian pill. Adenine was used to establish the rat model of kidney yang deficiency syndrome. The general physical signs of rats were observed after different doses of Haima Duobian pill (HDP) were given. Serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, the histopathologic changes and sperm activity were detected. Results HDP could improve the general signs of kidney yang deficiency syndrome rats. After the rats were treated with HDP, the expression of cGMP and E2 was significantly inhibited and the expression of cAMP and T was significantly increased. The pathological damage of testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle was alleviated, and the sperm activity was improved. Conclusion For adenine-induced kidney yang deficiency syndrome in rats, HDP had a significant therapeutic effect.
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15
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Deng L, Fu D, Zhu L, Huang J, Ling Y, Cai Z. Testosterone deficiency accelerates early stage atherosclerosis in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet: urine 1H NMR metabolomics targeted analysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1245-1255. [PMID: 33226572 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the role of testosterone in the development of atherosclerosis and its related metabolic pathways, we applied a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics approach to investigate urine metabolic profiles in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet among intact male pigs (IM), castrated male pigs (CM) and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement (CMT). Our results showed that testosterone deficiency significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion areas, intima-media thickness, as well as serum lipid levels in the CM pigs. Moreover, seventeen significantly changed metabolites were identified in both IM vs. CM and CMT vs. CM groups. Among these, seven were shared between the two comparative groups and were all significantly reduced in the urine of the CM group but rescued in the CMT group. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that several metabolites, including niacinamide, myo-inositol, choline and 3-hydroxyisovalerate, were negatively correlated with atherosclerotic lesion areas. Our study demonstrated that testosterone deficiency accelerated early AS formation in HFC diet-fed pigs, which involved several metabolites predominantly related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial disorders. Our results reveal potential pathways in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis caused by testosterone deficiency and HFC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Deng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danting Fu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Department of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. .,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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16
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Tian LM, Peng Y, Ke D, Li H, Chen L, Zhang C, Sen L, Tian DZ, Zhou MS, Ai XS, Wang P. The effect of Yang Yan Qing E Wan on senescent phenotypes and the expression of β-catenin and p16 INK4a in human skin fibroblasts. J Tissue Viability 2020; 29:354-358. [PMID: 32768331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to observe the effect of Yang Yan Qing E Wan (YYQEW) on senescent phenotypes and the expression of β-catenin and p16INK4a in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced premature senescence of normal human skin fibroblasts (NHSFs). Primary normal human skin fibroblasts were randomly divided into a normal group, a blank group, a model group, and a YYQEW group. The cells of the model group and the YYQEW group were exposed to 150 μmol/L H2O2 for 2 h. The morphological changes of the cells were analyzed by microscopy and by kits used to estimate the activities of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The outcomes revealed that dyeing rate proportion of SA-β-gal was 2.78% ± 0.22% in the normal group, 2.83% ± 0.29% in the blank group, 37.58% ± 2.56% in the model group, and 28.39% ± 0.93% in the YYQEW group. The number of SA-β-gal positive cells was thus significantly higher in the model group than in the normal or blank group. There were also fewer SA-β-gal positive cells in the YYQEW group compared with the model group. The expression of ROS and p16INK4a in the model group increased significantly compared with that in the normal or blank groups, while the expression of ROS and p16INK4a in the YYQEW group decreased significantly compared with that in the model group. The expression of SOD and β-catenin in the model group decreased significantly compared with that in the normal or blank group, and the expression of SOD and β-catenin in the YYQEW group increased significantly compared with that in the model group. Overall, it was found that YYQEW was able to delay the senescence of NHSFs induced by H2O2 treatment by alleviating oxidative stress and regulating a number of senescence-related molecules, such as β-catenin and p16INK4a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Sen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Dai-Zhi Tian
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mi-Si Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Ai
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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