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Sibilio S, Mennella R, Gregorio VD, Rocca AL, Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. A novel membrane-on-chip guides morphogenesis for the reconstruction of the intestinal crypt-villus axis. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045019. [PMID: 39029501 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Reconstructing the microscale villous organisation and functionality of the small intestine is essential for developingin vitroplatforms tailored for absorption studies as well as for investigating intestinal morphogenesis in development and disease. However, the current fabrication techniques able to mimic the villus-crypt axis poses significant challenges in terms of reconstruction of the complex 3D microarchitecture. These challenges extend beyond mere structural intricacies to encompass the incorporation of diverse cell types and the management of intricate fluid dynamics within the system. Here, we introduce a novel microfluidic device calledIn-Crypts, which integrates a cell-instructive membrane aimed at inducing and guiding Caco-2 cells morphogenesis. Patterned topographical cues embossed onto the porous membrane induce the formation of a well-organized intestinal epithelium, characterized by proliferating crypt-like domains and differentiated villus-like regions. Notably, our cell-instructive porous membrane effectively sustains stem cells development, faithfully replicating the niche environment ofin vivointestinal crypts thus mirroring the cell biogeography observedin vivo. Moreover, by introducing dynamic fluid flow, we provide a faithful recapitulation of the native microenvironmental shear stress experienced by the intestinal epithelium. This stress plays a crucial role in influencing cell behaviour, differentiation, and overall functionality, thus offering a highly realistic model for studying intestinal physiology and pathology. The resulting intestinal epithelium exhibits significantly denser regions of mucus and microvilli, characteristic typically absent in static cultures, upregulating more than 1.5 of the amount expressed in the classical flattened configuration, enhanced epithelial cell differentiation and increased adsorptive surface area. Hence, the innovative design ofIn-Cryptsproves the critical role of employing a cell-instructive membrane in argument the physiological relevance of organs-on-chips. This aspect, among others, will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of organism function, directly impacting drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sibilio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mennella
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza De Gregorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia La Rocca
- University of Naples Federico II, Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- University of Naples Federico II, Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
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2
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Sitte ZR, Karlsson EE, Li H, Zhou H, Lockett MR. Continuous flow delivery system for the perfusion of scaffold-based 3D cultures. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 39099241 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The paper-based culture platform developed by Whitesides readily incorporates tissue-like structures into laboratories with established workflows that rely on monolayer cultures. Cell-laden hydrogels are deposited in these porous scaffolds with micropipettes; these scaffolds support the thin gel slabs, allowing them to be evaluated individually or stacked into thick constructs. The paper-based culture platform has inspired many basic and translational studies, each exploring how readily accessible materials can generate complex structures that mimic aspects of tissues in vivo. Many of these examples have relied on static culture conditions, which result in diffusion-limited environments and cells experiencing pericellular hypoxia. Perfusion-based systems can alleviate pericellular hypoxia and other cell stresses by continually exposing the cells to fresh medium. These perfusion systems are common in microfluidic and organ-on-chip devices supporting cells as monolayer cultures or as 3D constructs. Here, we introduce a continuous flow delivery system, which uses parts readily produced with 3D printing to provide a self-contained culture platform in which cells in paper or other scaffolds are exposed to fresh (flowing) medium. We demonstrate the utility of this device with examples of cells maintained in single cell-laden scaffolds, stacks of cell-laden scaffolds, and scaffolds that contain monolayers of endothelial cells. These demonstrations highlight some possible experimental questions that can be enabled with readily accessible culture materials and a perfusion-based device that can be readily fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sitte
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Elizabeth E Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
- UNC Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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Hao M, Xue L, Wen X, Sun L, Zhang L, Xing K, Hu X, Xu J, Xing D. Advancing bone regeneration: Unveiling the potential of 3D cell models in the evaluation of bone regenerative materials. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:1-29. [PMID: 38815683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Bone, a rigid yet regenerative tissue, has garnered extensive attention for its impressive healing abilities. Despite advancements in understanding bone repair and creating treatments for bone injuries, handling nonunions and large defects remains a major challenge in orthopedics. The rise of bone regenerative materials is transforming the approach to bone repair, offering innovative solutions for nonunions and significant defects, and thus reshaping orthopedic care. Evaluating these materials effectively is key to advancing bone tissue regeneration, especially in difficult healing scenarios, making it a critical research area. Traditional evaluation methods, including two-dimensional cell models and animal models, have limitations in predicting accurately. This has led to exploring alternative methods, like 3D cell models, which provide fresh perspectives for assessing bone materials' regenerative potential. This paper discusses various techniques for constructing 3D cell models, their pros and cons, and crucial factors to consider when using these models to evaluate bone regenerative materials. We also highlight the significance of 3D cell models in the in vitro assessments of these materials, discuss their current drawbacks and limitations, and suggest future research directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work addresses the challenge of evaluating bone regenerative materials (BRMs) crucial for bone tissue engineering. It explores the emerging role of 3D cell models as superior alternatives to traditional methods for assessing these materials. By dissecting the construction, key factors of evaluating, advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of 3D cell models, the paper elucidates their significance in overcoming current evaluation method shortcomings. It highlights how these models offer a more physiologically relevant and ethically preferable platform for the precise assessment of BRMs. This contribution is particularly significant for "Acta Biomaterialia" readership, as it not only synthesizes current knowledge but also propels the discourse forward in the search for advanced solutions in bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Linyuan Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26600, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Leite CBG, Ormsby RT, Mekhail J, Charles JF, Görtz S, Merkely G, Lattermann C. Culturing Osteochondral Explants Under Rotary Shaking or After Removing Bone Marrow Elements Increases Explant Cellular Viability. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:2384-2390. [PMID: 39101736 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241254401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced viability in the deepest zones of osteochondral allografts (OCAs) can weaken the subchondral interface, potentially increasing the risk of failure. This reduction may result from nutritional imbalances due to uneven media distribution or interference from bone marrow elements. PURPOSE To investigate whether culturing OCAs using a rotary shaker or removing the bone marrow elements would increase graft cellular viability. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Bovine osteochondral explants were stored for 28 days at 4°C under 3 different conditions (n = 6 explants per group): static (control group), rotary shaker at 150 rpm (shaker group), and static after removal of bone marrow elements using a Waterpik device (Waterpik group). Chondrocyte viability was assessed using live/dead staining across the entire tissue and in each zone (superficial, middle, deep). Subchondral bone viability was assessed using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) staining to detect apoptotic cells. RESULTS Both shaker (64.2%; P = .010) and Waterpik (65.6%; P = .005) conditions showed significantly higher chondrocyte viability compared with control (49.8%). When samples were analyzed by zone, the shaker and Waterpik groups displayed higher cellular viability at the middle zone (shaker = 60.6%, P < .001; Waterpik = 56.1%, P < .001) and deep zone (shaker = 63.1%, P = .018; Waterpik = 61.5%, P = .025) than the control group (25.6% at middle zone; 32.8% at deep zone). Additionally, shaker (56.7%; P = .018) and Waterpik (51.4%; P = .007) groups demonstrated a lower percentage of apoptotic cells in subchondral bone compared with control (88.0%). No significant differences were observed between the shaker and Waterpik groups in any of the analyses. CONCLUSION Both rotary shaking and removal of bone marrow elements during storage of osteochondral explants led to higher chondrocyte viability at the middle and deep zones of the graft compared with the static storage condition. Enhancing nutrition delivery to the graft could improve its quality, potentially improving outcomes of OCA transplantation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a rotary shaker or the removal of bone marrow elements may significantly improve the culture conditions, increasing graft viability and integrity after OCA storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilan B G Leite
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renee T Ormsby
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Mekhail
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Görtz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gergo Merkely
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Hughes AM, Kuek V, Oommen J, Kotecha RS, Cheung LC. Murine bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells undergo molecular changes after a single passage in culture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12396. [PMID: 38811646 PMCID: PMC11137146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The rarity of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population poses a significant challenge for MSC research. Therefore, these cells are often expanded in vitro, prior to use. However, long-term culture has been shown to alter primary MSC properties. Additionally, early passage primary MSCs in culture are often assumed to represent the primary MSC population in situ, however, little research has been done to support this. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of murine MSCs freshly isolated from the bone marrow to those that had been expanded in culture for 10 days. We identified that a single passage in culture extensively altered MSC molecular signatures associated with cell cycling, differentiation and immune response. These findings indicate the critical importance of the MSC source, highlighting the need for optimization of culture conditions to minimize the impact on MSC biology and a transition towards in vivo methodologies for the study of MSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M Hughes
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joyce Oommen
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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6
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Quek J, Vizetto-Duarte C, Teoh SH, Choo Y. Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:145. [PMID: 38921519 PMCID: PMC11205181 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering-stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation-addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Quek
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Centre for Advanced Medical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yen Choo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
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7
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Wang X, Li F, Wu S, Xing W, Fu J, Wang R, He Y. Research progress on optimization of in vitro isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1305614. [PMID: 38633667 PMCID: PMC11021638 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1305614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs. Due to the different preparation methods and reagent formulations of DPSCs, cell characteristics may be affected and lead to inconsistent experimental results. Preparation of clinical-grade DPSCs is far from ready. To achieve clinical application, it is essential to transit the manufacturing of stem cells from laboratory grade to clinical grade. This review compares and analyzes experimental data on optimizing the preparation methods of DPSCs from extraction to resuscitation, including research articles, invention patents and clinical trials. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and potential clinical applications are discussed, and factors that could improve the quality of DPSCs for clinical application are proposed. The aim is to summarize the current manufacture of DPSCs in the establishment of a standardized, reliable, safe, and economic method for future preparation of clinical-grade cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenyao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Acharya P, Shrestha S, Joshi P, Choi NY, Lekkala VKR, Kang SY, Ni G, Lee MY. Dynamic culture of cerebral organoids using a pillar/perfusion plate for the assessment of developmental neurotoxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584506. [PMID: 38559002 PMCID: PMC10979904 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite the potential toxicity of commercial chemicals to the development of the nervous system (known as developmental neurotoxicity or DNT), conventional in vitro cell models have primarily been employed for the assessment of acute neuronal toxicity. On the other hand, animal models used for the assessment of DNT are not physiologically relevant due to the heterogenic difference between humans and animals. In addition, animal models are low-throughput, time-consuming, expensive, and ethically questionable. Recently, human brain organoids have emerged as a promising alternative to assess the detrimental effects of chemicals on the developing brain. However, conventional organoid culture systems have several technical limitations including low throughput, lack of reproducibility, insufficient maturity of organoids, and the formation of the necrotic core due to limited diffusion of nutrients and oxygen. To address these issues and establish predictive DNT models, cerebral organoids were differentiated in a dynamic condition in a unique pillar/perfusion plate, which were exposed to test compounds to evaluate DNT potential. The pillar/perfusion plate facilitated uniform, dynamic culture of cerebral organoids with improved proliferation and maturity by rapid, bidirectional flow generated on a digital rocker. Day 9 cerebral organoids in the pillar/perfusion plate were exposed to ascorbic acid (DNT negative) and methylmercury (DNT positive) in a dynamic condition for 1 and 3 weeks, and changes in organoid morphology and neural gene expression were measured to determine DNT potential. As expected, ascorbic acid didn't induce any changes in organoid morphology and neural gene expression. However, exposure of day 9 cerebral organoids to methylmercury resulted in significant changes in organoid morphology and neural gene expression. Interestingly, methylmercury did not induce adverse changes in cerebral organoids in a static condition, thus highlighting the importance of dynamic organoid culture in DNT assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | | | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | | | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Gabriel Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., Dallas, Texas
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Chen YM, Tokoda C, Tabata Y. Cell culture design for homogeneous proliferation of cells in three-dimensional nonwoven polymer scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1-15. [PMID: 37773043 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to establish strategies to uniformly proliferate cells in a three-dimensional nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) scaffold by simple adjustments in seeding and culture methods and the scaffold design. The combined dynamic and static seeding (intermittent agitations at 300 rpm with 1 h interval) resulted in the highest seeding efficiency (71%) comparing to the static and continuous agitating seeding methods. Cell-attached scaffolds were cultivated under different conditions. The stirring culture permitted cells to proliferate to a significantly greater extent than the static or agitating cultures, although faster cell proliferation in the outer region of the scaffold was observed. Next, based on this observation, scaffolds were opened with holes to alleviate the cell aggregation. The effect of hole size and number of scaffolds on the distribution of cells proliferated in the scaffold was evaluated. Two of 1-mm holes showed to be an optimal adjustment to allow cells to proliferate in a homogeneous manner. After 14 days culture, both of the holes were filled by cells proliferated with a fourfold increase in the cell number. The cell viability in the scaffolds was also high upon evaluating the live/dead and 3[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining examinations. Different cell types of 3T3-L1, C3H/10T1/2, and KUM6 cells showed similar behavior of cell proliferation and distribution in the scaffold, indicating the applicability of the established procedure. It is concluded that the nonwoven PET/EVOH scaffold serves as a potential cell culture substrate for an efficient cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihoko Tokoda
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Wang H, Walles T, Wiese-Rischke C. Patient-Derived Lung Cancer "Sandwich Cultures" with a Preserved Tumor Microenvironment. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:27-37. [PMID: 38115596 PMCID: PMC10818046 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, different spheroid-, organotypic-, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting lung cancer models were established for in vitro drug testing and personalized medicine. These tissue models cannot depict the tumor microenvironment (TME) and, therefore, research addressing tumor cell-TME interactions is limited. To overcome this hurdle, we applied patient-derived lung tumor samples to establish new in vitro models. To analyze the tissue model properties, we established two-dimensional (2D) and 3D coculture tissue models exposed to static and dynamic culture conditions that afforded tissue culture for up to 28 days. Our tissue models were characterized by hematoxylin eosin staining, M30 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining against specific lung cancer markers (TTF-1 and p40/p63), cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers (α-SMA and MCT4), and fibronectin (FN). The 3D models were generated with higher success rate than the corresponding 2D model. The cell density of the static 3D model increased from 21 to 28 days, whereas the apoptosis decreased. The dynamic 3D model possessed an even higher cell density than the static 3D model. We identified lung cancer cells, CAFs, and FN. Therefore, a novel in vitro 3D lung cancer model was established, which simulated the TME for 28 days and possessed a structural complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- University Clinic for Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walles
- University Clinic for Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiese-Rischke
- University Clinic for Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Wang X, Ouyang L, Chen W, Cao Y, Zhang L. Efficient expansion and delayed senescence of hUC-MSCs by microcarrier-bioreactor system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:284. [PMID: 37794520 PMCID: PMC10552362 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are widely used in cell therapy due to their robust immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative capabilities. Currently, the predominant method for obtaining hUC-MSCs for clinical use is through planar culture expansion, which presents several limitations. Specifically, continuous cell passaging can lead to cellular aging, susceptibility to contamination, and an absence of process monitoring and control, among other limitations. To overcome these challenges, the technology of microcarrier-bioreactor culture was developed with the aim of ensuring the therapeutic efficacy of cells while enabling large-scale expansion to meet clinical requirements. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the comparison of biological differences in cells obtained through different culture methods. METHODS We developed a culture process for hUC-MSCs using self-made microcarrier and stirred bioreactor. This study systematically compares the biological properties of hUC-MSCs amplified through planar culture and microcarrier-bioreactor systems. Additionally, RNA-seq was employed to compare the differences in gene expression profiles between the two cultures, facilitating the identification of pathways and genes associated with cell aging. RESULTS The findings revealed that hUC-MSCs expanded on microcarriers exhibited a lower degree of cellular aging compared to those expanded through planar culture. Additionally, these microcarrier-expanded hUC-MSCs showed an enhanced proliferation capacity and a reduced number of cells in the cell cycle retardation period. Moreover, bioreactor-cultured cells differ significantly from planar cultures in the expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that our microcarrier-bioreactor culture method enhances the proliferation efficiency of hUC-MSCs. Moreover, this culture method exhibits the potential to delay the process of cell aging while preserving the essential stem cell properties of hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Beijing Tang Yi Hui Kang Biomedical Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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12
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Deymeh SM, Hashemi-Najafabadi S, Baghaban-Eslaminejad M, Bagheri F. Investigation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in perfusion bioreactors using improved multi-layer PCL-nHA-nZnO electrospun scaffolds. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1223-1243. [PMID: 37439932 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone tissue engineering aims to create a three-dimensional, matured, angiogenic scaffold with a suitable thickness that resembles a natural bone matrix. On the other hand, electrospun fibers, which researchers have considered due to their good biomimetic properties, are considered 2D structures. Due to the highly interwoven network and small pore size, achieving the desired thickness for bone lesions has always been challenging. In bone tissue engineering, bioreactors are crucial for achieving initial tissue maturity and introducing certain signals as flow parameters for differentiation. METHODS In the present study, Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured in a perfusion bioreactor on treated (improved pore size by gelatin sacrification and subsequent ultrasonication) 5-layer polycaprolactone-nano hydroxyapatite-nano zinc oxide (T-PHZ) scaffolds to investigate osteogenesis and angiogenesis simultaneously. The flow parameters and stresses on the cells were studied using two patterns of parallel and vertical scaffolds relative to the flow of the culture medium. In dynamic vertical flow (DVF), the culture medium flows perpendicular to the scaffolds, and in dynamic parallel flow (DPF), the culture medium flows parallel to the scaffolds. In all evaluations, static samples (S) served as the control group. RESULTS Live/dead, and MTT assays demonstrated the biocompatibility of the 5-layer scaffolds and the suitability of the bioreactor's functional conditions. ALP activity, EDAX analysis, and calcium content measurements exhibited greater osteogenesis for T-PHZ scaffolds in DVF conditions. Calcium content increased by a factor of 2.2, 1.8, and 1.6 during days 7 to 14 of culture under DVF, DPF and S conditions, respectively. After 21 days of co-culturing, an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test was performed to investigate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Five antibodies were investigated in DVF, CD31, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 for angiogenesis, osteocalcin, and RUNX2 for osteogenesis. Compressive stress applied in DVF mode has increased osteogenic activity compared to DPF. CONCLUSION The results indicated the development of ideal systems for osteogenesis and angiogenesis on the treated multilayer electrospun scaffolds in the perfusion bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moghadam Deymeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameereh Hashemi-Najafabadi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban-Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Gaitán-Salvatella I, González-Alva P, Montesinos JJ, Alvarez-Perez MA. In Vitro Bone Differentiation of 3D Microsphere from Dental Pulp-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050571. [PMID: 37237641 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects lead to the structural loss of normal architecture, and those in the field of bone tissue engineering are searching for new alternatives to aid bone regeneration. Dental pulp-mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSC) could provide a promising alternative to repair bone defects, principally due to their multipotency and capacity to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) spheroids. The present study aimed to characterize the 3D DP-MSC microsphere and the osteogenic differentiation capacity potential cultured by a magnetic levitation system. To achieve this, the 3D DP-MSC microsphere was grown for 7, 14, and 21 days in an osteoinductive medium and compared to 3D human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) microspheres by examining the morphology, proliferation, osteogenesis, and colonization onto PLA fiber spun membrane. Our results showed good cell viability for both 3D microspheres with an average diameter of 350 μm. The osteogenesis examination of the 3D DP-MSC microsphere revealed the lineage commitment, such as the hFOB microsphere, as evidenced by ALP activity, the calcium content, and the expression of osteoblastic markers. Finally, the evaluation of the surface colonization exhibited similar patterns of cell-spreading over the fibrillar membrane. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of forming a 3D DP-MSC microsphere structure and the cell-behavior response as a strategy for the applications of bone tissue guiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Gaitán-Salvatella
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), POST, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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14
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Hughes AM, Kuek V, Oommen J, Chua GA, van Loenhout M, Malinge S, Kotecha RS, Cheung LC. Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1005494. [PMID: 36743421 PMCID: PMC9897315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1005494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Components of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) have been shown to mediate the way in which leukemia develops, progresses and responds to treatment. Increasing evidence shows that leukemic cells hijack the BMM, altering its functioning and establishing leukemia-supportive interactions with stromal and immune cells. While previous work has highlighted functional defects in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population from the BMM of acute leukemias, thorough characterization and molecular profiling of MSCs in pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the most common cancer in children, has not been conducted. Here, we investigated the cellular and transcriptome profiles of MSCs isolated from the BMM of an immunocompetent BCR-ABL1+ model of B-ALL. Leukemia-associated MSCs exhibited reduced self-renewal capacity in vitro and significant changes in numerous molecular signatures, including upregulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Additionally, we found downregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and osteoblastogenesis in leukemia-associated MSCs. This study provides cellular and molecular insights into the role of MSCs during B-ALL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M. Hughes
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joyce Oommen
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grace-Alyssa Chua
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maria van Loenhout
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sebastien Malinge
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rishi S. Kotecha
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laurence C. Cheung
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Laurence C. Cheung, ,
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15
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Guagliano G, Volpini C, Sardelli L, Bloise N, Briatico-Vangosa F, Cornaglia AI, Dotti S, Villa R, Visai L, Petrini P. Hep3Gel: A Shape-Shifting Extracellular Matrix-Based, Three-Dimensional Liver Model Adaptable to Different Culture Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:211-229. [PMID: 36525369 PMCID: PMC9832437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a leading cause of clinical trial withdrawal. Therefore, in vitro modeling the hepatic behavior and functionalities is not only crucial to better understand physiological and pathological processes but also to support drug development with reliable high-throughput platforms. Different physiological and pathological models are currently under development and are commonly implemented both within platforms for standard 2D cultures and within tailor-made chambers. This paper introduces Hep3Gel: a hybrid alginate-extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel to produce 3D in vitro models of the liver, aiming to reproduce the hepatic chemomechanical niche, with the possibility of adapting its shape to different manufacturing techniques. The ECM, extracted and powdered from porcine livers by a specifically set-up procedure, preserved its crucial biological macromolecules and was embedded within alginate hydrogels prior to crosslinking. The viscoelastic behavior of Hep3Gel was tuned, reproducing the properties of a physiological organ, according to the available knowledge about hepatic biomechanics. By finely tuning the crosslinking kinetics of Hep3Gel, its dualistic nature can be exploited either by self-spreading or adapting its shape to different culture supports or retaining the imposed fiber shape during an extrusion-based 3D-bioprinting process, thus being a shape-shifter hydrogel. The self-spreading ability of Hep3Gel was characterized by combining empirical and numerical procedures, while its use as a bioink was experimentally characterized through rheological a priori printability evaluations and 3D printing tests. The effect of the addition of the ECM was evident after 4 days, doubling the survival rate of cells embedded within control hydrogels. This study represents a proof of concept of the applicability of Hep3Gel as a tool to develop 3D in vitro models of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Volpini
- Molecular
Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR
INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Molecular
Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR
INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- Department
of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and
Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Dotti
- National
Reference Center for Alternative Methods, Welfare and Care of Laboratory
Animals, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
della Lomabardia ed Emilia Romagna, 25124Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Villa
- National
Reference Center for Alternative Methods, Welfare and Care of Laboratory
Animals, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
della Lomabardia ed Emilia Romagna, 25124Brescia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular
Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR
INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy,Medicina
Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100Pavia, Italy,Interuniversity
Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research
(Centro 3R), Università di Pavia
Unit, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133Milan, Italy,Interuniversity
Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research
(Centro 3R), Politecnico di Milano Unit, 20133Milan, Italy,
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16
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Shou Y, Liu L, Liu Q, Le Z, Lee KL, Li H, Li X, Koh DZ, Wang Y, Liu TM, Yang Z, Lim CT, Cheung C, Tay A. Mechano-responsive hydrogel for direct stem cell manufacturing to therapy. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:387-400. [PMID: 36632503 PMCID: PMC9817177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is one of the most actively studied cell types due to its regenerative potential and immunomodulatory properties. Conventional cell expansion methods using 2D tissue culture plates and 2.5D microcarriers in bioreactors can generate large cell numbers, but they compromise stem cell potency and lack mechanical preconditioning to prepare MSC for physiological loading expected in vivo. To overcome these challenges, in this work, we describe a 3D dynamic hydrogel using magneto-stimulation for direct MSC manufacturing to therapy. With our technology, we found that dynamic mechanical stimulation (DMS) enhanced matrix-integrin β1 interactions which induced MSCs spreading and proliferation. In addition, DMS could modulate MSC biofunctions including directing MSC differentiation into specific lineages and boosting paracrine activities (e.g., growth factor secretion) through YAP nuclear localization and FAK-ERK pathway. With our magnetic hydrogel, complex procedures from MSC manufacturing to final clinical use, can be integrated into one single platform, and we believe this 'all-in-one' technology could offer a paradigm shift to existing standards in MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Qimin Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Khang Leng Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Dion Zhanyun Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Tong Ming Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
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17
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Guagliano G, Volpini C, Briatico-Vangosa F, Cornaglia AI, Visai L, Petrini P. Toward 3D-Bioprinted Models of the Liver to Boost Drug Development. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200264. [PMID: 36106413 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main problems in drug development are connected to enormous costs related to the paltry success rate. The current situation empowered the development of high-throughput and reliable instruments, in addition to the current golden standards, able to predict the failures in the early preclinical phase. Being hepatotoxicity responsible for the failure of 30% of clinical trials, and the 21% of withdrawal of marketed drugs, the development of complex in vitro models (CIVMs) of liver is currently one of the hottest topics in the field. Among the different fabrication techniques, 3D-bioprinting is emerging as a powerful ally for their production, allowing the manufacture of three-dimensional constructs characterized by computer-controlled and customized geometry, and inter-batches reproducibility. Thanks to these, it is possible to rapidly produce tailored cell-laden constructs, to be cultured within static and dynamic systems, thus reaching a further degree of personalization when designing in vitro models. This review highlights and prioritizes the most recent advances related to the development of CIVMs of the hepatic environment to be specifically applied to pharmaceutical research, with a special focus on 3D-bioprinting, since the liver is primarily involved in the metabolism of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Volpini
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- University of Pavia - Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, Via Forlanini 2, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), Università di Pavia Unit, Pavia, PV, 27100, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), Politecnico di Milano Unit, Milano, MI, 20133, Italy
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18
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Jeske R, Chen X, Ma S, Zeng EZ, Driscoll T, Li Y. Bioreactor Expansion Reconfigures Metabolism and Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells In Vitro. Biochem Eng J 2022; 188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Gao W, Xiao L, Wang J, Mu Y, Mendhi J, Gao W, Li Z, Yarlagadda P, Wu R, Xiao Y. The hollow porous sphere cell carrier for the dynamic 3D cell culture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:610-622. [PMID: 36127859 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale mammalian cell culture is essential in stem cell-based therapy, the production of the vaccine, and the manufacturing of therapeutic protein drugs. Due to the adherent growth characteristic of most mammalian cell types, the combination of cell carrier and bioreactor is a common choice in large-scale mammalian cell culture. Cell carriers are usually developed by polymer crosslinking, lithography, and emulsion drops; however, all these methods are difficult to control the uniformed porous structure and porous interior design. Therefore, unable to optimize the dynamic culture condition for cell proliferation, matrix production, and cell differentiation. Here we use fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology to fabricate hollow porous spheres (HPS), based on which a novel dynamic 3D culture system has been established. In the meantime, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to study liquid flow behaviour in HPS. A dynamic cell seeding was developed and refined using the 3D culture system, which increased 32% (roughly) seeding efficiency compared to the traditional static cell seeding method. The cell proliferation analysis demonstrated that HPSs could speed up cell growth in dynamic cell culture. The HPS with a honeycomb-like structure showed the highest inner pore velocity (CFD analysis) and achieved the fastest cell proliferation and the highest cell viability. Overall, our study, for the first time, developed a 3D printed HPS cell culture device with a uniformed porous structure, which can effectively facilitate cell adhesion and proliferation in the dynamic cultural environment, thereby could be considered an ideal carrier candidate for the manufacturing of cells and cell-based products. Furthermore, this study provides a novel 3D dynamic culture system that can be further applied in cell culture and research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Gao
- Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4059;
| | - Lan Xiao
- nstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Queensland, Australia, 526-05, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Queensland, Australia, 4059;
| | - Jiaqiu Wang
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Yuqing Mu
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | | | - Wendong Gao
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Prasad Yarlagadda
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Robert Wu
- Chinese academy of Science, shanghai, China;
| | - Yin Xiao
- Queensland University of Technology, Institrute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia, 4059.,Australia;
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20
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Fuentes P, Torres MJ, Arancibia R, Aulestia F, Vergara M, Carrión F, Osses N, Altamirano C. Dynamic Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids and Secretion of Paracrine Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916229. [PMID: 36046670 PMCID: PMC9421039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conditioned medium (CM) obtained from the culture of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to effectively promote tissue repair and modulate the immune response in vitro and in different animal models, with potential for application in regenerative medicine. Using CM offers multiple advantages over the implantation of MSCs themselves: 1) simpler storage, transport, and preservation requirements, 2) avoidance of the inherent risks of cell transplantation, and 3) potential application as a ready-to-go biologic product. For these reasons, a large amount of MSCs research has focused on the characterization of the obtained CM, including soluble trophic factors and vesicles, preconditioning strategies for enhancing paracrine secretion, such as hypoxia, a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and biochemical stimuli, and potential clinical applications. In vitro preconditioning strategies can increase the viability, proliferation, and paracrine properties of MSCs and therefore improve the therapeutic potential of the cells and their derived products. Specifically, dynamic cultivation conditions, such as fluid flow and 3D aggregate culture, substantially impact cellular behaviour. Increased levels of growth factors and cytokines were observed in 3D cultures of MSC grown on orbital or rotatory shaking platforms, in stirred systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors, and in microgravity bioreactors. However, only a few studies have established dynamic culture conditions and protocols for 3D aggregate cultivation of MSCs as a scalable and reproducible strategy for CM production. This review summarizes significant advances into the upstream processing, mainly the dynamic generation and cultivation of MSC aggregates, for de CM manufacture and focuses on the standardization of the soluble factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fuentes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Aulestia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Mauricio Vergara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Osses
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Altamirano,
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21
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Schwarz T, Mustafa K, Hansmann J. Optimization and Validation of a Custom-Designed Perfusion Bioreactor for Bone Tissue Engineering: Flow Assessment and Optimal Culture Environmental Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:811942. [PMID: 35402393 PMCID: PMC8990132 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.811942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various perfusion bioreactor systems have been designed to improve cell culture with three-dimensional porous scaffolds, and there is some evidence that fluid force improves the osteogenic commitment of the progenitors. However, because of the unique design concept and operational configuration of each study, the experimental setups of perfusion bioreactor systems are not always compatible with other systems. To reconcile results from different systems, the thorough optimization and validation of experimental configuration are required in each system. In this study, optimal experimental conditions for a perfusion bioreactor were explored in three steps. First, an in silico modeling was performed using a scaffold geometry obtained by microCT and an expedient geometry parameterized with porosity and permeability to assess the accuracy of calculated fluid shear stress and computational time. Then, environmental factors for cell culture were optimized, including the volume of the medium, bubble suppression, and medium evaporation. Further, by combining the findings, it was possible to determine the optimal flow rate at which cell growth was supported while osteogenic differentiation was triggered. Here, we demonstrated that fluid shear stress up to 15 mPa was sufficient to induce osteogenesis, but cell growth was severely impacted by the volume of perfused medium, the presence of air bubbles, and medium evaporation, all of which are common concerns in perfusion bioreactor systems. This study emphasizes the necessity of optimization of experimental variables, which may often be underreported or overlooked, and indicates steps which can be taken to address issues common to perfusion bioreactors for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Centre of Translational Oral Research, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Shuntaro Yamada, ; Jan Hansmann,
| | - Mohammed A. Yassin
- Centre of Translational Oral Research, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Translational Centre Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Centre of Translational Oral Research, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Translational Centre Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shuntaro Yamada, ; Jan Hansmann,
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22
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Bioengineered Living Bone Grafts-A Concise Review on Bioreactors and Production Techniques In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031765. [PMID: 35163687 PMCID: PMC8836415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that bone fractures carry a risk of high mortality and morbidity. The deployment of a proper bone healing method is essential to achieve the desired success. Over the years, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has appeared to be a very promising approach aimed at restoring bone defects. The main role of the BTE is to apply new, efficient, and functional bone regeneration therapy via a combination of bone scaffolds with cells and/or healing promotive factors (e.g., growth factors and bioactive agents). The modern approach involves also the production of living bone grafts in vitro by long-term culture of cell-seeded biomaterials, often with the use of bioreactors. This review presents the most recent findings concerning biomaterials, cells, and techniques used for the production of living bone grafts under in vitro conditions. Particular attention has been given to features of known bioreactor systems currently used in BTE: perfusion bioreactors, rotating bioreactors, and spinner flask bioreactors. Although bioreactor systems are still characterized by some limitations, they are excellent platforms to form bioengineered living bone grafts in vitro for bone fracture regeneration. Moreover, the review article also describes the types of biomaterials and sources of cells that can be used in BTE as well as the role of three-dimensional bioprinting and pulsed electromagnetic fields in both bone healing and BTE.
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23
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Lipreri MV, Baldini N, Graziani G, Avnet S. Perfused Platforms to Mimic Bone Microenvironment at the Macro/Milli/Microscale: Pros and Cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:760667. [PMID: 35047495 PMCID: PMC8762164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, the population experiences progressive ageing. Ageing, in turn, is connected to an increase in bone-related diseases (i.e., osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures). Hence, the search for new approaches to study the occurrence of bone-related diseases and to develop new drugs for their prevention and treatment becomes more pressing. However, to date, a reliable in vitro model that can fully recapitulate the characteristics of bone tissue, either in physiological or altered conditions, is not available. Indeed, current methods for modelling normal and pathological bone are poor predictors of treatment outcomes in humans, as they fail to mimic the in vivo cellular microenvironment and tissue complexity. Bone, in fact, is a dynamic network including differently specialized cells and the extracellular matrix, constantly subjected to external and internal stimuli. To this regard, perfused vascularized models are a novel field of investigation that can offer a new technological approach to overcome the limitations of traditional cell culture methods. It allows the combination of perfusion, mechanical and biochemical stimuli, biological cues, biomaterials (mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone), and multiple cell types. This review will discuss macro, milli, and microscale perfused devices designed to model bone structure and microenvironment, focusing on the role of perfusion and encompassing different degrees of complexity. These devices are a very first, though promising, step for the development of 3D in vitro platforms for preclinical screening of novel anabolic or anti-catabolic therapeutic approaches to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Laboratory for NanoBiotechnology (NaBi), IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Dynamic process enhancement on chitosan/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite-bone derived multilayer scaffold for osteochondral tissue repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Wu Y, Chung YY, Chin YT, Lin CY, Kuo PJ, Chen TY, Lin TY, Chiu HC, Huang HM, Jeng JH, Lee SY. Comparison of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-b-D-glucoside-induced proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in 2D and 3D culture systems-gene analysis. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:14-29. [PMID: 35028016 PMCID: PMC8740205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Culture environments play a critical role in stem cell expansion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-b-D-glucoside (THSG) on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Materials and methods Human DPSCs were seeded in T25 flasks for 2D cultivation. For the 3D culture system, DPSCs were mixed with microcarriers and cultured in spinner flasks. Cells in both culture systems were treated with THSG, and cell proliferation was determined using a cell counter and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. In THSG-treated DPSCs, the genes associated with proliferation, adipogenesis, neurogenesis, osteogenesis, pluripotency, oncogenesis, and apoptosis were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results The spinner flask time-dependently improved cell numbers, cell viability, and expansion rates in THSG-treated DPSCs. In both the T25 and spinner flasks, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of proliferation, osteogenesis, and pluripotent-related genes had a significant maximum expression with 10 μM THSG treatment. However, 0.1 μM of THSG may be the most suitable condition for triggering neurogenesis and adipogenesis gene expression when DPSCs were cultured in spinner flasks. Furthermore, the number of oncogenes and apoptotic genes decreased considerably in the presence of THSG in both the T25 and spinner flasks. Conclusion The spinner flask bioreactor combined with THSG may upregulate proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation in DPSCs. Thus, the combination can be used to mass-produce and cultivate human DPSCs for regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yu Chung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Katebifar S, Jaiswal D, Arul MR, Novak S, Nip J, Kalajzic I, Rudraiah S, Kumbar SG. Natural Polymer-Based Micronanostructured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:669-691. [PMID: 35094352 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although bone tissue allografts and autografts aremoften used as a regenerative tissue during the bone healing, their availability, donor site morbidity, and immune response to grafted tissue are limiting factors their more common usage. Tissue engineered implants, such as acellular or cellular polymeric structures, can be an alternative solution. A variety of scaffold fabrication techniques including electrospinning, particulate leaching, particle sintering, and more recently 3D printing have been used to create scaffolds with interconnected pores and mechanical properties for tissue regeneration. Simply combining particle sintering and molecular self-assembly to create porous microstructures with imbued nanofibers to produce micronanostructures for tissue regeneration applications. Natural polymers like polysaccharides, proteins and peptides of plant or animal origin have gained significant attention due to their assured biocompatibility in tissue regeneration. However, majority of these polymers are water soluble and structures derived from them are in the form of hydrogels and require additional stabilization via cross-linking. For bone healing applications scaffolds are required to be strong, and support attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors into osteoblasts. Our ongoing work utilizes plant polysaccharide cellulose derivatives and collagen to create mechanically stable and bioactive micronanostructured scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Scaffold microstructure is essentially solvent sintered cellulose acetate (CA) microspheres in the form of a negative template for trabecular bone with defined pore and mechanical properties. Collagen nanostructures are imbued into the 3D environment of CA scaffolds using collagen molecular self-assembly principles. The resultant CA-collagen micronanostructures provide the benefits of combined polymers and serve as an alternative material platform to many FDA approved polyesters. Our ongoing studies and published work confirm improved osteoprogenitor adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in promoting bone healing. In this chapter we will provide a detailed protocol on the creation of micronanostructured CA-collagen scaffolds and their characterization for bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Katebifar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Devina Jaiswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Arul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Nip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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27
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Nweke CE, Stegemann JP. Fabrication and characterization of osteogenic function of progenitor cell-laden gelatin microcarriers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1265-1278. [PMID: 34918466 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based bone regeneration strategies often include a cellular component to accelerate healing. Modular approaches have the potential for minimally-invasive delivery and the ability to conformally fill complex defects. In this study, spherical gelatin microparticles were fabricated via water-in-oil emulsification and were subsequently crosslinked with genipin. Microparticle diameter depended on impeller geometry, and increased stirring rates consistently produced smaller particles with narrower size distributions. Increasing the concentration of gelatin resulted in larger particles with a broader size distribution. Viscoelastic characterization showed that increased gelatin concentration produced stiffer matrices, though the mechanical properties at lower gelatin concentration were more stable across strain rate. Microparticles of 6.0% wt/vol gelatin were then applied as microcarriers for packed-bed culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) at seeding densities of 5.0 × 103 , 2.5 × 104 , or 5.0 × 104 cells/cm2 of surface area, in either control or osteogenic medium. Cell viability was uniformly high (>90%) across seeding densities over 22 days in culture. MSC number stayed approximately constant in the 5.0 × 103 and 2.5 × 104 cells/cm2 samples, while it dropped over time at 5.0 × 104 cells/cm2 . Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly upregulated in osteogenic conditions relative to controls at day 15, and absolute calcium deposition was strongly induced by days 15 and 22. However, calcium deposition per cell was highest in the lowest cell density, suggesting an inhibitory effect of high cell numbers. These results show that genipin-crosslinked gelatin microcarriers can be reproducibly fabricated and used as microcarriers for progenitor cells, which may have utility in treating large and complex bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuma E Nweke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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28
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Lam ATL, Lee AP, Jayaraman P, Tan KY, Raghothaman D, Lim HL, Cheng H, Zhou L, Tan AHM, Reuveny S, Oh S. Multiomics analyses of cytokines, genes, miRNA, and regulatory networks in human mesenchymal stem cells expanded in stirred microcarrier-spinner cultures. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102272. [PMID: 33676128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great clinical interest as a form of allogenic therapy due to their excellent regenerative and immunomodulatory effects for various therapeutic indications. Stirred suspension bioreactors using microcarriers (MC) have been used for large-scale production of MSCs compared to planar cultivation systems. Previously, we have demonstrated that expansion of MSCs in MC-spinner cultures improved chondrogenic, osteogenic, and cell migration potentials as compared to monolayer-static cultures. In this study, we sought to address this by analyzing global gene expression patterns, miRNA profiles and secretome under both monolayer-static and MC-spinner cultures in serum-free medium at different growth phases. The datasets revealed differential expression patterns that correlated with potentially improved MSC properties in cells from MC-spinner cultures compared to those of monolayer-static cultures. Transcriptome analysis identified a unique expression signature for cells from MC-spinner cultures, which correlated well with miRNA expression, and cytokine secretion involved in key MSC functions. Importantly, MC-spinner cultures and conditioned medium showed increased expression of factors that possibly enhance pathways of extracellular matrix dynamics, cellular metabolism, differentiation potential, immunoregulatory function, and wound healing. This systematic analysis provides insights for the efficient optimization of stem cell bioprocessing and infers that MC-based bioprocess manufacturing could improve post-expansion cellular properties for stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Alison P Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Premkumar Jayaraman
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kah Yong Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Deepak Raghothaman
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hsueh Lee Lim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - He Cheng
- MiRXES, 2 Tukang Innovation Grove, JTC MedTech Hub, Singapore
| | - Lihan Zhou
- MiRXES, 2 Tukang Innovation Grove, JTC MedTech Hub, Singapore
| | - Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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29
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Schwarz T, Hansmann J, Mustafa K. Induction of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on 3D polyester-based scaffolds solely by subphysiological fluidic stimulation in a laminar flow bioreactor. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211019375. [PMID: 34262684 PMCID: PMC8243246 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211019375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatal determination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) is closely associated with mechano-environmental factors in addition to biochemical clues. The aim of this study was to induce osteogenesis in the absence of chemical stimuli using a custom-designed laminar flow bioreactor. BMSC were seeded onto synthetic microporous scaffolds and subjected to the subphysiological level of fluid flow for up to 21 days. During the perfusion, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. There were also morphological changes, with F-actin polymerisation and upregulation of ROCK1. Notably, in BMSC subjected to flow, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers was significantly upregulated and RUNX2 was localised in the nuclei. Further, under perfusion, there was greater deposition of collagen type 1 and calcium onto the scaffolds. The results confirm that an appropriate level of fluid stimuli preconditions BMSC towards the osteoblastic lineage on 3D scaffolds in the absence of chemical stimulation, which highlights the utility of flow bioreactors in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Wurzburg, Bayern,
Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Wurzburg, Bayern,
Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and
Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department Electrical Engineering,
University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
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30
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Salgado CL, Barrias CC, Monteiro FJM. Clarifying the Tooth-Derived Stem Cells Behavior in a 3D Biomimetic Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:724. [PMID: 32671055 PMCID: PMC7333018 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive amounts of cell are needed for creating tissue engineered 3D constructs, which often requires culture on scaffolds under dynamic conditions to facilitate nutrients and oxygen diffusion. Dynamic cultures are expected to improve cell viability and proliferation rate, when compared to static conditions. However, cells from distinct types and/or tissues sources may respond differently to external stimuli and be incompatible with culture under mechanical shear stress. The first aim of this work was to show that dental stem cells are a valuable source for improving bone regeneration potential of artificial grafts. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from human dental follicle (hDFMSC) and pulp tissues (hDPMSC) and shown to express prototypical stem cell markers. The follicle and pulp dental MSCs capacity to differentiate into osteoblast lineage was evaluated after seeding on 3D porous scaffolds of collagen-nanohydroxyapatite/phosphoserine biocomposite cryogel with osteogenic factors in the culture medium. Both tooth-derived MSCs were able to show high ALP activity, express osteogenic gene markers and secrete osteopontin (OPN). Thereafter, designed multicompartment holder adaptable to spinner flasks was used for dynamic culture (50 rpm) of both dental MSCs types within the porous 3D scaffolds. Standard static culture conditions were used as control. Culture under dynamic conditions promoted follicle MSCs proliferation, while improving their spatial distribution within the scaffold. Under dynamic conditions, the biocomposite scaffold promoted MSCs osteogenic differentiation, as suggested by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, higher osteogenic gene expression and OPN deposition. In a similar manner, under dynamic conditions, dental pulp MSCs also showed higher ALP activity and proliferation rate, but lower amounts of osteopontin secretion, when compared to static conditions. After implantation, dental follicle MSCs-loaded 3D scaffolds cultured under dynamic conditions showed higher tissue ingrowth and osteogenic differentiation (higher human OPN secretion) than dental pulp cells. Overall, this study explored the use of tooth-derived stem cells as a clinical alternative source for bone tissue engineering, together with an innovative device for dynamic culture of cell-laden 3D scaffolds. Results showed that human MSCs response upon culture on 3D scaffolds, depends on the cells source and the culture regimen. This suggests that both the type of cells and their culture conditions should be carefully adjusted according to the final clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L Salgado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Monteiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Porto, Portugal
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