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Mendoza-Soto P, Jara C, Torres-Arévalo Á, Oyarzún C, Mardones GA, Quezada-Monrás C, San Martín R. Pharmacological Blockade of the Adenosine A 2B Receptor Is Protective of Proteinuria in Diabetic Rats, through Affecting Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and the Adhesion Dynamics of Podocytes. Cells 2024; 13:846. [PMID: 38786068 PMCID: PMC11119713 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction of the adenosine receptor A2B (A2BAR) expression in diabetic glomeruli correlates with an increased abundance of its endogenous ligand adenosine and the progression of kidney dysfunction. Remarkably, A2BAR antagonism protects from proteinuria in experimental diabetic nephropathy. We found that A2BAR antagonism preserves the arrangement of podocytes on the glomerular filtration barrier, reduces diabetes-induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and attenuates podocyte foot processes effacement. In spreading assays using human podocytes in vitro, adenosine enhanced the rate of cell body expansion on laminin-coated glass and promoted peripheral pY397-FAK subcellular distribution, while selective A2BAR antagonism impeded these effects and attenuated the migratory capability of podocytes. Increased phosphorylation of the Myosin2A light chain accompanied the effects of adenosine. Furthermore, when the A2BAR was stimulated, the cells expanded more broadly and more staining of pS19 myosin was detected which co-localized with actin cables, suggesting increased contractility potential in cells planted onto a matrix with a stiffness similar to of the glomerular basement membrane. We conclude that A2BAR is involved in adhesion dynamics and contractile actin bundle formation, leading to podocyte foot processes effacement. The antagonism of this receptor may be an alternative to the intervention of glomerular barrier deterioration and proteinuria in the diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mendoza-Soto
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Claudia Jara
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Institute of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
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Suarez R, Villarreal C, Nahuelpán Y, Jara C, Oyarzún C, Alarcón S, Díaz-Encarnación MM, Guillén-Gómez E, Quezada C, San Martín R. Defective insulin-stimulated equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 activity and altered subcellular transporter distribution drive the loss of adenosine homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166890. [PMID: 37734469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is linked to the dysregulated increase of adenosine and altered signaling properties. A major contribution to the maintenance of physiological extracellular adenosine levels relies on cellular uptake activity through plasma membrane nucleoside transporters. Because kidney cells are responsive to insulin, this study aims to determine how DN affects insulin regulation of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 (ENT2). METHODS Human Podocytes and rat glomeruli were used to study ENT2 regulation. The effects of diabetes and insulin on ENT2 mediated transport activity were determined measuring the fraction of total adenosine uptake in sodium-free medium which is inhibitable by hypoxanthine. Alterations in ENT2 subcellular distribution were assessed in the kidney of people affected with DN and diabetic rats. The consequences of impaired ENT2 activity on the kidney were evaluated using dipyridamole in an animal model. RESULTS Insulin upregulates ENT2 uptake activity by increasing the Vmax, thus counteracting decreased adenosine uptake due to high d-glucose and achieving extracellular adenosine homeostasis. Insulin promoted ENT2 translocation to the plasma membrane dependent on PI3-kinase/Akt signaling and actin cytoskeleton integrity. However, in diabetic rats, the insulin-mediated induction of ENT2 activity was lost. Additionally, reduced Akt activation in response to insulin correlated with decreased ENT2 distribution at the plasma membrane. Kidney tissues from diabetic rats and human DN biopsies showed ENT2 redistribution to an intracellular pattern, evidencing dysfunctional adenosine uptake. Through ENT inhibition, we evidenced increased proteinuria and induced alpha-smooth muscle actin as a result of profibrotic activation of cells in the kidney. CONCLUSION Deficient insulin regulation of ENT2 activity contributes to chronically high adenosine levels and glomerular alterations that underline diabetic kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raibel Suarez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Villarreal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yessica Nahuelpán
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastián Alarcón
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Montserrat M Díaz-Encarnación
- Nephrology Service Fundació Puigvert, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Guillén-Gómez
- Nephrology Service Fundació Puigvert, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Wu H, Xu F, Huang X, Li X, Yu P, Zhang L, Yang X, Kong J, Zhen C, Wang X. Lupenone improves type 2 diabetic nephropathy by regulating NF-κB pathway-mediated inflammation and TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF-associated fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154959. [PMID: 37478684 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetic nephropathy is a common diabetic complication and the main cause of death in patients with diabetes. Research has aimed to find an ideal drug with minimal side effects for treating this disease. Banana peel has been shown to be anti-diabetic, with lupenone isolated from banana peel exhibiting antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities; However, the effects of lupenone on type 2 diabetic nephropathy are largely unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of lupenone on type 2 diabetic nephropathy, and its mechanism from both anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic perspectives. METHODS Spontaneous type 2 diabetic nephropathy db/db mouse models were given three levels of lupenone (24 or 12 or 6 mg/kg/d) via intragastric administration for six weeks, and irbesartan treatment was used for the positive control group. We explored the effects and mechanism of lupenone action using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, real time-PCR, and western blotting. Concurrently, a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat model was used for confirmatory research. RESULTS Lupenone administration maintained the fasting blood glucose; reduced glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, and 24 h proteinuria levels; and markedly regulated changes in biochemical indicators associated with kidney injury in serum and urine (including 24 h proteinuria, micro-albumin, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, α1-micro-globulin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, and albumin) of type 2 diabetic nephropathy mice and rats. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining as well as molecular biology tests revealed that inflammation and fibrosis are the two key processes affected by lupenone treatment. Lupenone protected type 2 diabetic nephropathy kidneys by regulating the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response and TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF pathway-associated fibrosis. CONCLUSION Lupenone has potential as an innovative drug for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, it has great value for the utilization of banana peel resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xulong Huang
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Piao Yu
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Juan Kong
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- School of pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiangpei Wang
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025 Guizhou, PR China.
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Huang X, Ma J, Wei Y, Chen H, Chu W. Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients based on bioinformatics and machine learning. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198417. [PMID: 37465165 PMCID: PMC10352088 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common chronic systemic metabolic bone disease, but its specific molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify novel genetic diagnostic markers for PMOP. Methods: In this paper, we combined three GEO datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional enrichment analysis of PMOP-related differential genes. Key genes were analyzed using two machine learning algorithms, namely, LASSO and the Gaussian mixture model, and candidate biomarkers were found after taking the intersection. After further ceRNA network construction, methylation analysis, and immune infiltration analysis, ACACB and WWP1 were finally selected as diagnostic markers. Twenty-four clinical samples were collected, and the expression levels of biomarkers in PMOP were detected by qPCR. Results: We identified 34 differential genes in PMOP. DEG enrichment was mainly related to amino acid synthesis, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The ceRNA network construction found that XIST-hsa-miR-15a-5p/hsa-miR-15b-5p/hsa-miR-497-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p-WWP1/ACACB may be RNA regulatory pathways regulating PMOP disease progression. ACACB and WWP1 were identified as diagnostic genes for PMOP, and validated in datasets and clinical sample experiments. In addition, these two genes were also significantly associated with immune cells, such as T, B, and NK cells. Conclusion: Overall, we identified two vital diagnostic genes responsible for PMOP. The results may help provide potential immunotherapeutic targets for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou (First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University), Jingzhou, China
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou (First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University), Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou (First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University), Jingzhou, China
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Chen J, Song Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Cen Y, You M, Yang G. DBP and BaP co-exposure induces kidney injury via promoting pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137714. [PMID: 36592837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are widespread environmental and foodborne contaminants that have detrimental effects on human health. Although people are often simultaneously exposed to DBP and BaP via the intake of polluted food and water, the combined effects on the kidney and potential mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, we treated rats with DBP and BaP for 90 days to investigate their effects on kidney histopathology and function. We also investigated the levels of paramount proteins and genes involved in pyroptosis and TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling in the kidney. Our research showed that combined exposure to DBP and BaP triggered more severe histopathological and renal function abnormalities than in those exposed to DBP or BaP alone. Simultaneously, combined exposure to DBP and BaP enhanced the excretion of IL-1β and IL-18, along with the release of LDH in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Moreover, combined exposure to DBP and BaP increased the expression of pyroptosis marker molecules, including NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-Caspase-1, and GSDMD. Meanwhile, the combination of DBP and BaP activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the kidney. Taken together, the combined exposure to DBP and BaP causes more severe kidney injury than that caused by DBP or BaP exposure separately. In addition, pyroptosis of RTECs regulated by TLR4/NF-κB signaling may add to the kidney damage triggered by combined exposure to DBP and BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yawen Song
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yining Liu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yanli Cen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Mingdan You
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Shi F, Cheng B. AG1024, an IGF-1 receptor inhibitor, ameliorates renal injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy via the SOCS/JAK2/STAT pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230683. [PMID: 37034500 PMCID: PMC10080708 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the ligand for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and the roles of IGF-1/IGF-1R in diabetic nephropathy (DN) are well-characterized previously. However, the biological functions of AG1024 (an IGF-1R inhibitor) in DN remain unknown. This study investigates the roles and related mechanisms of AG-1024 in DN. The experimental DN was established via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with AG1024 (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. The 24 h proteinuria, blood glucose level, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were measured for biochemical analyses. The increase in 24 h proteinuria, blood glucose level, serum creatinine, and blood urea of DN rats were conspicuously abated by AG1024. After biochemical analyses, the renal tissue specimens were collected, and as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining, AG-1024 mitigated typical renal damage and interstitial fibrosis in DN rats. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of AG-1024 was assessed by western blotting and ELISA. Mechanistically, AG-1024 upregulated SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression and decreased phosphorylated JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3, as shown by western blotting. Collectively, AG-1024 (an IGF-1R inhibitor) ameliorates renal injury in experimental DN by attenuating renal inflammation and fibrosis via the SOCS/JAK2/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), No. 168, Hong Kong Road, Jiang’an District, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
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Pak ES, Cha JJ, Cha DR, Kanasaki K, Ha H. Adenosine receptors as emerging therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:S74-S88. [PMID: 36239063 PMCID: PMC9590297 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is now a pandemic worldwide, and novel therapeutic options are urgently required. Adenosine, an adenosine triphosphate metabolite, plays a role in kidney homeostasis through interacting with four types of adenosine receptors (ARs): A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR. Increasing evidence highlights the role of adenosine and ARs in the development and progression of DKD: 1) increased adenosine in the plasma and urine of diabetics with kidney injury, 2) increased expression of each of the ARs in diabetic kidneys, 3) the protective effect of coffee, a commonly ingested nonselective AR antagonist, on DKD, and 4) the protective effect of AR modulators in experimental DKD models. We propose AR modulators as a new therapeutic option to treat DKD. Detailed mechanistic studies on the pharmacology of AR modulators will help us to develop effective first-in-class AR modulators against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medical 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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de Melo TR, de Souza KSC, Ururahy MAG, Bortolin RH, Bezerra JF, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Hirata RDC, Hirata MH, Arrais RF, Almeida MDG, de Rezende AA, Silbiger VN. Toll-like receptor inflammatory cascade and the development of diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:996-1000. [PMID: 35006634 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association of toll-like receptor (TLR) inflammatory cascade with the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS A total of 49 T1D patients and 49 normoglycaemic (NG) subjects aged 5-20 years old were recruited. TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, NFKB, MCP1/CCL2 and IL18 mRNA expressions were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, serum urea, serum creatinine and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were determined. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88 and NFKB were significantly increased in the T1D group compared with the NG group. The mRNA expression levels of MCP1/CCL2 and IL18 were higher in 21 T1D patients (42.9%) (average of MCP1/CCL2: 6.6-fold and IL18: 5.8-fold) than in NG patients. Furthermore, ACR was increased in the T1D group compared with the NG group. CONCLUSION The increased mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, NFKB, MCP1/CCL2 and IL18 favours the development of an inflammatory process that may lead to a decline in renal function and consequently DKD in children and adolescents with T1D. This suggests that these genes are early mediators of onset DKD since the beginning of the lives of the paediatric T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara R de Melo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Karla S C de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Marcela A G Ururahy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raul H Bortolin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João F Bezerra
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Technical School of Health, Paraiba Federal University, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Rosario D C Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario H Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Arrais
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana A de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Vivian N Silbiger
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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9
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Díaz-Muñoz M, Hernández-Muñoz R, Butanda-Ochoa A. Structure-activity features of purines and their receptors: implications in cell physiopathology. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:5. [PMID: 35079944 PMCID: PMC8789959 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine molecular structure consists of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings. Purines are main pieces that conform the structure of nucleic acids which rule the inheritance processes. Purines also work as metabolic intermediates in different cell functions and as messengers in the signaling pathways throughout cellular communication. Purines, mainly ATP and adenosine (ADO), perform their functional and pharmacological properties because of their structural/chemical characteristics that make them either targets of mutagenesis, mother frameworks for designing molecules with controlled effects (e.g. anti-cancer), or chemical donors (e.g., of methyl groups, which represent a potential chemoprotective action against cancer). Purines functions also come from their effect on specific receptors, channel-linked and G-protein coupled for ATP, and exclusively G-coupled receptors for ADO (also known as ADORAs), which are involved in cell signaling pathways, there, purines work as chemical messengers with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions that regulate cell metabolism and immune response in tumor progression which depends on the receptor types involved in these signals. Purines also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and participate in the cell energy homeostasis. Therefore, purine physiology is important for a variety of functions relevant to cellular health; thus, when these molecules present a homeostatic imbalance, the stability and survival of the cellular systems become compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular Y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria/Circuito Exterior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Butanda-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biología Celular Y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria/Circuito Exterior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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10
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Ying C, Zhou Z, Dai J, Wang M, Xiang J, Sun D, Zhou X. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by RAC1 mediates a new mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:191-204. [PMID: 35028708 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is central to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although the exact mechanisms of inflammation in the kidney have not been well elucidated, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is involved in the onset and progression of DN. Here, we investigated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the kidney. METHODS HEK293T cells received high glucose, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Biochemical indicators in db/db mice were tested by kits, and the morphological changes in the kidney were observed using staining methods and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and NLRP3 inflammasome in cells and in mice was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence. Expression of all proteins was examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In additional, the directly combination of RAC1 and NLRP3 was evaluated by GST Pulldown. RESULTS High-glucose and hyperglycaemia conditions resulted in Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and NLRP3 inflammasome interactions in cells and in mice. Additionally, RAC1 promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and then induced cell damage, and morphological and functional abnormalities in the kidney. We also observed that RAC1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly binding to NLRP3. CONCLUSION In the present study, we confirmed that RAC1 binding to NLRP3 is sufficient to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the kidney and accelerate DN pathological processes. These results elucidate the upstream cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Dai
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Xu X, Zhang L, Hua F, Zhang C, Zhang C, Mi X, Qin N, Wang J, Zhu A, Qin Z, Zhou F. FOXM1-activated SIRT4 inhibits NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate kidney injury and podocyte pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112863. [PMID: 34626587 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has been reported to play a protective role against acute kidney injury by driving tubular regeneration. This study aims to probe the function of FOXM1 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the molecules involved. FOXM1 was poorly expressed in DN-diseased kidney tissues. A murine model of DN was established, and podocytes cells (MPC5) were treated with high-glucose (HG) for in vitro studies. FOXM1 overexpression improved kidney function and reduced pathological changes in mice, and it increased the expression of the podocyte marker Nephrin in kidney tissues. In vitro, FOXM1 increased viability and reduced pyroptosis of the HG-treated MPC5 cells, and it elevated the expression of the podocyte marker Nephrin whereas reduced the expression of pyroptosis-related NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase 1. FOXM1 bound to the promoter of sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) to induce transcriptional activation. Downregulation of SIRT4 blocked the protective roles of FOXM1 both in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in HG-treated cells was suppressed by FOXM1 but restored after SIRT4 inhibition. In conclusion, this study suggested that FOXM1 transcriptionally activates SIRT4 and inhibits NF-κB signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate kidney injury and podocyte pyroptosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liexiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xia Mi
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Aimin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zihan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feihong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Suqian Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, PR China
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12
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Wang WJ, Chen XM, Cai GY. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Potential therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111403. [PMID: 33984448 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis plays a crucial role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. However, because the aetiology of this pathological process is complex and remains unclear, there is still no effective treatment. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been reported to lead to renal fibrosis. This review first discusses the relationships among cellular senescence, the SASP and renal fibrosis. Then, the key role of the SASP in irreversible renal fibrosis, including fibroblast activation and abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation, is discussed, with the results of studies having indicated that inhibiting cellular senescence and the SASP might be a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis. Finally, we summarize promising therapeutic strategies revealed by existing research on senescent cells and the SASP, including emerging interventions targeting the SASP, caloric restriction and mimetics, and novel regeneration therapies with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
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13
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Zhou Z, Gao Z, Yan W, Zhang Y, Huang J, Xiong K. Adenosine A3 receptor activated in H 2O 2 oxidative stress of primary open-angle glaucoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:526. [PMID: 33987224 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), as one of the leading reasons for blindness, is mainly due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction. Bioinformatics analysis was used to find related genes involved in TM oxidative stress, which is a major cause of TM fibrosis. Methods A total of three datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene expression relationships were enriched by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) pathways. The interaction network was listed by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The expression of adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) was validated in POAG tissue and human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) by western blot (WB) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, WB and RT-PCR were used to measure oxidative stress injury relative protein and gene expression, respectively, such as fibronectin (FN), collagen-I (Col-I), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Cell migration function and vitality were tested via transwell migration assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The cell vitality was measured using CCK-8. Results A total of 61 significant DEGs among the three data sources were analyzed. Among all three different datasets, two significant DEGs [ADORA3 and DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein (DDIT4)] were identified. The dataset ADORA3 was selected for further analysis. In the POAG TM tissue, ADORA3 was overexpressed at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Overexpression of ADORA3 reduced TMC viability and migration but upregulated the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (FN, Col-I, and α-SMA) expression. It was found that ADORA3 can exacerbate oxidative stress injury in normal TMCs. These results indicated that ADORA3 might play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of POAG. Conclusions A total of 61 novel common DEGs identified are related to the development and prognosis of POAG. In the POAG, ADORA3 was verified as overexpressed; therefore, it may be associated with an oxidative stress injury in TMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaolin Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Huang T, Li X, Wang F, Lu L, Hou W, Zhu M, Miao C. The CREB/KMT5A complex regulates PTP1B to modulate high glucose-induced endothelial inflammatory factor levels in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 33782381 PMCID: PMC8005662 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in end-stage renal disease. The overproduction of various inflammatory factors is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) modulates the expression of a series of cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to participate in the maintenance of a healthy endothelium. In the present study, we hypothesise that CREB associates with KMT5A to modulate PTP1B expression, thus contributing to high glucose-mediated glomerular endothelial inflammation. Our analyses revealed that plasma inflammatory factor levels, glomerular endothelial p65 phosphorylation and PTP1B expression were increased in DN patients and rats. In vitro, high glucose increased endothelial inflammatory factor levels and p65 phosphorylation by augmenting PTP1B expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, high glucose decreased CREB and KMT5A expression. CREB overexpression and KMT5A overexpression both inhibited high glucose-induced PTP1B expression, p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels. si-CREB- and sh-KMT5A-induced p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels were reversed by si-PTP1B. Furthermore, CREB was associated with KMT5A. Mechanistic research indicated that CREB and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1, a downstream target of KMT5A) occupy the PTP1B promoter region. sh-KMT5A augmented PTP1B promoter activity and activated the positive effect of si-CREB on PTP1B promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that CREB and KMT5A were downregulated in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. In conclusion, CREB associates with KMT5A to promote PTP1B expression in vascular endothelial cells, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory factor levels in DN patients and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Patinha D, Abreu C, Carvalho C, Cunha OM, Mota M, Afonso J, Sousa T, Albino-Teixeira A, Diniz C, Morato M. Adenosine A 2A and A 3 Receptors as Targets for the Treatment of Hypertensive-Diabetic Nephropathy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110529. [PMID: 33238361 PMCID: PMC7700226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertension are prime causes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that often coexist in patients, but are seldom studied in combination. Kidney adenosine levels are markedly increased in diabetes, and the expression and function of renal adenosine receptors are altered in experimental diabetes. The aim of this work is to explore the impact of endogenous and exogenous adenosine on the expression/distribution profile of its receptors along the nephron of hypertensive rats with experimentally-induced diabetes. Using spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), we show that treatment of SHR-STZ rats with an agonist of adenosine receptors increases A2A immunoreactivity in superficial glomeruli (SG), proximal tubule (PCT), and distal tubule (DCT). Differently, treatment of SHR-STZ rats with a xanthinic antagonist of adenosine receptors decreases adenosine A3 immunoreactivity in SG, PCT, DCT, and collecting duct. There is no difference in the immunoreactivity against the adenosine A1 and A2B receptors between the experimental groups. The agonist of adenosine receptors ameliorates renal fibrosis, probably via A2A receptors, while the antagonist exacerbates it, most likely due to tonic activation of A3 receptors. The reduction in adenosine A3 immunoreactivity might be due to receptor downregulation in response to prolonged activation. Altogether, these results suggest an opposite regulation exerted by endogenous and exogenous adenosine upon the expression of its A2A and A3 receptors along the nephron of hypertensive diabetic rats, which has a functional impact and should be taken into account when considering novel therapeutic targets for hypertensive-diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patinha
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Medical School, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ Exeter, UK
| | - Carla Abreu
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Olga Mariana Cunha
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariana Mota
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuela Morato
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
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Zheng ZC, Zhu W, Lei L, Liu XQ, Wu YG. Wogonin Ameliorates Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Nephropathy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4135-4148. [PMID: 33116403 PMCID: PMC7549498 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s274256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become an increasing threat to health, and inflammation and fibrosis play important roles in its progression. Wogonin, a flavonoid, has been proven to suppress inflammation and fibrosis in various diseases, including acute kidney injury. This study aimed at investigating the effect of wogonin on diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis. Materials and Methods Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse models received gavage doses of wogonin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Metabolic indices from blood and urine and pathological damage of glomerulus in the diabetic model were assessed. Glomerular mesangial cells SV40 were cultured in high glucose (HG) medium containing wogonin at concentrations of 1.5825, 3.125, and 6.25 μg/mL for 24 h. Inflammation and fibrosis indices were evaluated by histopathological, Western blotting, and PCR analyses. Results Wogonin treatment ameliorated albuminuria and histopathological lesions in diabetic mice. Inflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and related signaling pathway NF-κB were downregulated after the administration of wogonin in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, wogonin reduced the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), including fibronectin (FN), collagen IV (Col-IV), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the kidneys of diabetic mice and HG-induced mesangial cells. Moreover, the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway might be responsible for these changes. Conclusion Wogonin may ameliorate renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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17
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eATP/P2X7R Axis: An Orchestrated Pathway Triggering Inflammasome Activation in Muscle Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175963. [PMID: 32825102 PMCID: PMC7504480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In muscle ATP is primarily known for its function as an energy source and as a mediator of the "excitation-transcription" process, which guarantees muscle plasticity in response to environmental stimuli. When quickly released in massive concentrations in the extracellular space as in presence of muscle membrane damage, ATP acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). In experimental murine models of muscular dystrophies characterized by membrane instability, blockade of eATP/P2X7 receptor (R) purinergic signaling delayed the progression of the dystrophic phenotype dampening the local inflammatory response and inducing Foxp3+ T Regulatory lymphocytes. These discoveries highlighted the relevance of ATP as a harbinger of immune-tissue damage in muscular genetic diseases. Given the interactions between the immune system and muscle regeneration, the comprehension of ATP/purinerigic pathway articulated organization in muscle cells has become of extreme interest. This review explores ATP release, metabolism, feedback control and cross-talk with members of muscle inflammasome in the context of muscular dystrophies.
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