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Zhang L, Su Y, Liang X, Cao K, Luo Q, Luo H. Ultrasensitive and point-of-care detection of plasma phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease using colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering dual-readout lateral flow assay. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:7459-7469. [PMID: 37223429 PMCID: PMC9971675 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tau at Ser (396, 404) (p-tau396,404) is one of the earliest phosphorylation events, and plasma p-tau396,404 level appears to be a potentially promising biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The low abundance and easy degradation of p-tau in the plasma make the lateral flow assay (LFA) a suitable choice for point-of-care detection of plasma p-tau396,404 levels. Herein, based on our screening of a pair of p-tau396,404-specific antibodies, we developed a colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-readout LFA for the rapid, highly sensitive, and robust detection of plasma p-tau396,404 levels. This LFA realized a detection limit of 60 pg/mL by the naked eye or 3.8 pg/mL by SERS without cross-reacting with other tau species. More importantly, LFA rapidly and accurately differentiated AD patients from healthy controls, suggesting that it has the potential for clinical point-of-care application in AD diagnosis. This dual-readout LFA has the advantages of simple operation, rapid, and ultra-sensitive detection, providing a new way for early AD diagnosis and intervention, especially in primary and community AD screening. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material (characterization of AuNPs and 4-MBA@AuNP probe; the optimal 4-MBA load for AuNPs; the optimal K2CO3 volumes for 4-MBA@AuNP-3G5 conjugates; the optimal 3G5 load for 4-MBA@AuNP conjugates; effect of NaCl concentration on 4-MBA@AuNP-3G5 stability; the linear curve of T-line color and SERS intensity versus different p-tau396,404 concentrations; the comparison of colorimetric-based LFA test results and the diagnosis results; Raman intensities and antibody activity of 4-MBA@AuNP-3G5 before and after storage; colorimetric intensity of dual-readout LFA detecting different concentrations of p-tau396,404 protein; sequence of synthesized peptides used in this study; information of the participants in this study; the information of antibodies used in this study) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5354-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Kai Cao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Haiming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Suzhou, 215123 China
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Paramithiotis S. Molecular Targets for Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Detection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010104. [PMID: 36678453 PMCID: PMC9865778 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria currently relies on their ability to grow on chemically defined liquid and solid media, which is the essence of the classical microbiological approach. Such procedures are time-consuming and the quality of the result is affected by the selectivity of the media employed. Several alternative strategies based on the detection of molecular markers have been proposed. These markers may be cell constituents, may reside on the cell envelope or may be specific metabolites. Each marker provides specific advantages and, at the same time, suffers from specific limitations. The food matrix and chemical composition, as well as the accompanying microbiota, may also severely compromise detection. The aim of the present review article is to present and critically discuss all available information regarding the molecular targets that have been employed as markers for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Their strengths and limitations, as well as the proposed alleviation strategies, are presented, with particular emphasis on their applicability in real food systems and the challenges that are yet to be effectively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
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Wang C, Xu Z, Hou X, Wang M, Zhou C, Liang J, Wei P. Rapid, Sensitive, Specific, and Visual Detection of Salmonella in Retail Meat with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, Targeting the invA Gene. J Food Prot 2022; 85:6-12. [PMID: 34436593 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne diseases. The rapid detection of Salmonella in food is of great significance to food safety. In this study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was developed, and primers were designed targeting the invA gene of Salmonella. Standard samples of recombinant invA-plasmid and 100 retail meat samples were tested by LAMP and compared with the results tested by conventional PCR and the routine Chinese National Food Safety Standard-Microbiological Examination of Food-Examination of Salmonella, respectively. The results showed that Salmonella strains of eight different serotypes were amplified successfully by the developed LAMP assay, and it was 1,000-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR, with the analytical sensitivity of 8 × 102 copies per μL of the standard sample of invA-plasmid. The results were visualized directly by adding calcein and MnCl2 in the LAMP reaction tube, and the positively amplified products turned green after an incubation of 2 min. In parallel detection, the positive rate of Salmonella by the LAMP assay was highly correlated with the routine Chinese national standard method. The results of the study demonstrated that the developed LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, strongly specific, highly sensitive, and visual detection method for Salmonella. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Hou
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhen Liang
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wei
- Participating Laboratory of the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network, Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Zheng T, Xie YN, Li F, Jiang X, Hou X, Wu P. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Coupled with a Photosensitization Colorimetric Assay for Fast Salmonella spp. Testing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6559-6566. [PMID: 33852278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the most serious foodborne pathogens causing millions of infection cases annually, especially in resource-limited areas. The standard culture method (2-3 days) and current nucleic acid amplification-based testing are not suitable for on-site testing in rural areas with heavy Salmonella spp. burden. Here, we developed a colorimetric recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method for fast and sensitive Salmonella spp. testing in 1 h. Specifically, the invA gene from the genomic DNA of Salmonella spp. was amplified isothermally to produce double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) amplicons, which were directly quantified by a photosensitization colorimetric assay. The proposed method offered the lowest detectable concentration of 5 × 103 colony-forming units/mL (cfu/mL), which is much lower than that of ELISA (105-107 cfu/mL). The detectable limit could be further pushed down to 3 cfu/mL upon coupling with bacteria pre-enrichment for 6 h. Analysis of synthetic milk samples confirmed the high precision (90%) and specificity (95%) of the method for Salmonella spp. testing. Moreover, use of a DNA releaser could further simplify the whole testing operation. Because RPA features low-temperature amplification (25-42 °C) without the need for specific instruments and the dsDNA-based photosensitization colorimetric assay served as a simple and facile readout for RPA, our method thus allows fast and low-cost Salmonella spp. testing in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ya-Ni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Arshad R, Pal K, Sabir F, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Shahnaz G, Kyzas GZ. A review of the nanomaterials use for the diagnosis and therapy of salmonella typhi. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li T, Jin L, Feng K, Yang T, Yue X, Wu B, Ding S, Liang X, Huang G, Zhang J. A novel low-field NMR biosensor based on dendritic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the rapid detection of Salmonella in milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang L, Du X, Wei Q, Han Q, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xia X, Song Y, Zhang J. Development and Application of an Immunocapture PCR Diagnostic Assay Based on the Monoclonal Antibody for the Detection of Shigella. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2244. [PMID: 32884951 PMCID: PMC7461712 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.127412.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Shigella is among the most important human pathogenic microorganisms, infecting both humans and nonhuman and causing clinically severe diarrhea. Shigella must be enriched before detection, which is time-consuming. Objectives: To develop a sensitive, rapid, and specific method for Shigella detection. Materials and Methods: Shigella was used as an antigen to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs were screened via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) and western blot, and two mAbs were selected. The mAb A3 showed high affinity and specificity and was used to develop immune magnetic beads (IMBs) for
Shigella enrichment. An immunocapture (IC)-PCR primer was designed from the ipaH gene, and IC-PCR was developed based on the IMBs and PCR. Results: This system shortened the Shigella detection time to 70 min. The sensitivity of the IC-PCR was 9 colony-forming units.mL-1 in artificial milk. The accuracy of the IC-PCR was confirmed using 46 clinical samples collected from monkeys. The IC-PCR results were consistent with the serological and biochemical assays. Conclusion: The IC-PCR described herein accurately detected Shigella from milk samples, monkeys and can thus be used to complement classical detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xuewei Du
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qiujiang Wei
- Kunming Biomed International, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
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Zhang L, Du X, Chen C, Han Q, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xia X, Song Y, Zhang J. Development of a rapid, one-step-visual method to detect Salmonella based on IC-LAMP method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:20-25. [PMID: 32368221 PMCID: PMC7183372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella can cause serious human gastroenteritis and is frequently isolated from various food samples. The cell culturing, immunoassay, and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) are the current methods to detect such pathogenic agents. However, these methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and thus unavailable for rapid-monitoring of Salmonella. AIMS This study aimed to develop an immunocapture-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (IC-LAMP) for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella. METHODS Salmonella was used as antigen to produce monoclonal antibody (mAb) and mAbs were prepared via subcloning three times. The mAb 1B12 with high affinity was coated on the surface of the immuno-magnetic beads (IMBs) to capture Salmonella. The enriched products (IMBs-Salmonella) were used for LAMP using the special primers targeted the conserved invA gene of Salmonella. RESULTS The IC-LAMP was developed based on mAb 1B12 and LAMP. Targeting the conserved invA gene of Salmonella, the detection time was shortened to 50 min from three days. If the reaction contains Salmonella, the green fluorescence and the trapezoidal strip can be clearly observed. Importantly, the method combines the specificity of antibody and LAMP with a detection limit of 5 CFU/ml in artificially contaminated water and milk. The specificity of this method was demonstrated by testing other similar bacteria. The results indicate that the IC-LAMP reacts only with Salmonella and does not cross-react with other similar bacteria. CONCLUSION The IC-LAMP assay developed here is a rapid, sensitive, one-step-visual method to screen for the presence of Salmonella in food samples. This method is faster than traditional PCR, LAMP, and other methods, and can be used as a primary screening method for the detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- MSc Student in Biochemical Engineering, Molecular Medicine Research Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - X. Du
- MSc Student in Biochemical Engineering, Molecular Medicine Research Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - C. Chen
- MSc Student in Biochemical Engineering, Molecular Medicine Research Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Q. Han
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Q. Chen
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - M. Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - X. Xia
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Y. Song
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Li J, Ma B, Fang J, Zhi A, Chen E, Xu Y, Yu X, Sun C, Zhang M. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) Combined with Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Salmonella in Food. Foods 2019; 9:foods9010027. [PMID: 31887998 PMCID: PMC7022641 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella can cause serious foodborne diseases. We have developed a lateral flow immunoassay combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (LFD-RPA) for detection of Salmonella in food. The conserved fragment (fimY) was selected as the target gene. Under an optimal condition (37 °C, 10 min), the sensitivity was 12 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in a pure culture. Testing with 16 non-Salmonella strains as controls revealed that LFD-RPA was specific to the fimY gene of Salmonella. The established assay could detect Salmonella at concentrations as low as 1.29 × 102 CFU/mL in artificially contaminated samples. This detection was at a slightly higher level than that for a pure bacterial culture. Combined with the test strip reader, the LFD-RPA is a feasible method for quantitative detection of Salmonella based on the test line intensity, which was the ratio for the test line and control line of the reflected light. The method could be a potential point-of-care test in limited resource areas and provides a new approach and technical support for the diagnosis of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jiehong Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Antong Zhi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Erjing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.L.); (B.M.); (J.F.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-86914476
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