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Raffaini G, Elli S, Catauro M, D’Angelo A. Different Drug Mobilities in Hydrophobic Cavities of Host-Guest Complexes between β-Cyclodextrin and 5-Fluorouracil at Different Stoichiometries: A Molecular Dynamics Study in Water. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5888. [PMID: 38892075 PMCID: PMC11172661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides able to form noncovalent water-soluble complexes useful in many different applications for the solubilization, delivery, and greater bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. The complexation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with natural or synthetic cyclodextrins permits the solubilization of this poorly soluble anticancer drug. In this theoretical work, the complexes between β-CD and 5-FU are investigated using molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in water. The inclusion complexes are formed thanks to the favorable intermolecular interactions between β-CD and 5-FU. Both 1:1 and 1:2 β-CD/5-FU stoichiometries are investigated, providing insight into their interaction geometries and stability over time in water. In the 1:2 β-CD/5-FU complexes, the intermolecular interactions affect the drug's mobility, suggesting a two-step release mechanism: a fast release for the more exposed and hydrated drug molecule, with greater freedom of movement near the β-CD rims, and a slow one for the less-hydrated and well-encapsulated and confined drug. MD simulations study the intermolecular interactions between drugs and specific carriers at the atomistic level, suggesting a possible release mechanism and highlighting the role of the impact of the drug concentration on the kinetics process in water. A comparison with experimental data in the literature provides further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Raffaini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, 50121 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche ‘G. Ronzoni’, Via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Michelina Catauro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.)
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Xu X, Liu A, Liu S, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhao J, Sun S, Sun X. Application of molecular dynamics simulation in self-assembled cancer nanomedicine. Biomater Res 2023; 27:39. [PMID: 37143168 PMCID: PMC10161522 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled nanomedicine holds great potential in cancer theragnostic. The structures and dynamics of nanomedicine can be affected by a variety of non-covalent interactions, so it is essential to ensure the self-assembly process at atomic level. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a key technology to link microcosm and macroscale. Along with the rapid development of computational power and simulation methods, scientists could simulate the specific process of intermolecular interactions. Thus, some experimental observations could be explained at microscopic level and the nanomedicine synthesis process would have traces to follow. This review not only outlines the concept, basic principle, and the parameter setting of MD simulation, but also highlights the recent progress in MD simulation for self-assembled cancer nanomedicine. In addition, the physicochemical parameters of self-assembly structure and interaction between various assembled molecules under MD simulation are also discussed. Therefore, this review will help advanced and novice researchers to quickly zoom in on fundamental information and gather some thought-provoking ideas to advance this subfield of self-assembled cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Xu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Ao Liu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Host-Guest Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415730. [PMID: 36555372 PMCID: PMC9779678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-guest complexes, also known as inclusion complexes, are supramolecular structures [...].
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L-Arginine-Derived Polyamidoamine Oligomers Bearing at Both Ends β-Cyclodextrin Units as pH-Sensitive Curcumin Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153193. [PMID: 35956707 PMCID: PMC9371169 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aza-Michael polyaddition of L-arginine and N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide gives the biocompatible and easily cell-internalized polyamidoamine ARGO7. By controlled synthesis, two ARGO7 oligomers, namely a trimer and a pentamer, bearing acrylamide terminal units, were obtained as precursors of the β-cyclodextrin-end-terminated oligomers P3 and P5, which have been shown to encapsulate curcumin at both pH 7.4 and 4.5. After lyophilization, P3- and P5-curcumin complexes gave stable water solutions. The apparent solubility of encapsulated curcumin was in the range 20–51 μg mL−1, that is, three orders of magnitude higher than the water solubility of free curcumin (0.011 μg mL−1). The drug release profiles showed induction periods both at pH levels 4.5 and 7.4, suggesting a diffusive release mechanism, as confirmed by kinetic studies. The release rate of curcumin was higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 4.5 and, in both cases, it was higher for the P5 complex. Encapsulated curcumin was more photostable than the free drug. Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations explain at atomistic level the formation of aggregates due to favorable van der Waals interactions. The drug molecules interact with the external surface of carriers or form inclusion complexes with the β-cyclodextrin cavities. The aggregate stability is higher at pH 4.5.
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Raffaini G, Catauro M. Surface Interactions between Ketoprofen and Silica-Based Biomaterials as Drug Delivery System Synthesized via Sol–Gel: A Molecular Dynamics Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082759. [PMID: 35454451 PMCID: PMC9028380 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems for a controlled drug release are drawing increasing attention thanks to their possible pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. It is important to control the local administration of drugs, especially when the drug exhibits problems diffusing across biological barriers. Thus, in an appropriate concentration, it would be released in situ, reducing side effects due to interactions with the biological environment after implantation. A theoretical study based on Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics methods is performed to investigate possible surface interactions between the amorphous SiO2 surface and the ketoprofen molecules, an anti-inflammatory drug, considering the role of drug concentration. These theoretical results are compared with experimental data obtained by analyzing, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the interaction between the SiO2 amorphous surface and two percentages of the ketoprofen drug entrapped in a silica matrix obtained via the sol–gel method and dried materials. The loaded drug in these amorphous bioactive material forms hydrogen bonds with the silica surface, as found in this theoretical study. The surface interactions are essential to have a new generation of biomaterials not only important for biocompatibility, with specific structural and functional properties, but also able to incorporate anti-inflammatory agents for release into the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Raffaini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering ‘‘Giulio Natta’’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Michelina Catauro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (M.C.)
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Mikhailov OV. The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics (PCCP) Section of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in Its Publications: The First 300 Thematic Articles in the First 3 Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010241. [PMID: 35008667 PMCID: PMC8745423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Section (PCCP Section) is one of the youngest among the sections of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)—the year 2021 will only mark three years since its inception [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Mikhailov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Certification and Quality Management, Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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Raffaini G, Ganazzoli F. Understanding Surface Interaction and Inclusion Complexes between Piroxicam and Native or Crosslinked β-Cyclodextrins: The Role of Drug Concentration. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122848. [PMID: 32575617 PMCID: PMC7355541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug concentration plays an important role in the interaction with drug carriers affecting the kinetics of release process and toxicology effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) can solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water enhancing their bioavailability. In this theoretical study based on molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the interactions between β-cyclodextrin and piroxicam, an important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated. At first, both host–guest complexes with native β-CD in the 1:1 and in 2:1 stoichiometry were considered without assuming any initial a priori inclusion: the resulting inclusion complexes were in good agreement with literature NMR data. The interaction between piroxicam and a β-CD nanosponge (NS) was then modeled at different concentrations. Two inclusion mechanisms were found. Moreover, piroxicam can interact with the external NS surface or with its crosslinkers, also forming one nanopore. At larger concentration, a nucleation process of drug aggregation induced by the first layer of adsorbed piroxicam molecules is observed. The flexibility of crosslinked β-CDs, which may be swollen or quite compact, changing the surface area accessible to drug molecules, and the dimension of the aggregate nucleated on the NS surface are important factors possibly affecting the kinetics of release, which shall be theoretically studied in more detail at specific concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Raffaini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy;
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-23993068
| | - Fabio Ganazzoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy;
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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