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Marciano CL, de Almeida AP, Bezerra FC, Giannesi GC, Cabral H, Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli MDL, Ruller R, Masui DC. Enhanced saccharification levels of corn starch using as a strategy a novel amylolytic complex (AmyHb) from the thermophilic fungus Humicola brevis var. thermoidea in association with commercial enzyme. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 39131173 PMCID: PMC11310185 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amylases represent a versatile group of catalysts that are used for the saccharification of starch because they can hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of starch molecules to release glucose, maltose, and short-chain oligosaccharides. The amylolytic complex of the thermophilic filamentous fungus Humicola brevis var. thermoidea (AmyHb) was produced, biochemically characterized, and compared with the commercial amylase Termamyl. In addition, the biotechnological application of AmyHb in starch saccharification was investigated. The highest production was achieved using a wheat bran medium at 50 °C for 5-6 days in solid-state fermentation (849.6 ± 18.2 U·g-1) without the addition of inducers. Optimum amylolytic activity occurred at pH 5.0 at 60 °C, and stability was maintained between pH 5.0 and 6.0, with thermal stability at 50-60 °C, especially in the presence of Ca2+. These results were superior to those found with Termamyl. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, and Ag+; however, AmyHb displayed increased activity in the presence of Mn2+ and Na+. In addition, AmyHb showed greater tolerance to a wide range of ethanol concentrations. AmyHb appears to be a complex consisting of glucoamylase and α-amylase, based on its substrate specificity and TLC. The hydrolysis tests on cornstarch flour showed that the cocktail of AmyHb50% + Termamyl50% significantly increased the release of glucose and total reducing sugars (36.6%) when compared to the enzymes alone. AmyHb exhibited promising physicochemical properties and good performance with commercial amylase; therefore, this complex is a biotechnological alternative candidate for the bioprocessing of starch sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Langer Marciano
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral E de Microrganismos-LBQ, Instituto de Biociências-INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS CEP: 79070-900 Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, FCFRP – Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP: 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira de Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, FMRP – Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP: 14049-900 Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto - FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP: 14040-901 Brazil
| | - Fabiane Cruz Bezerra
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral E de Microrganismos-LBQ, Instituto de Biociências-INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS CEP: 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Giovana Cristina Giannesi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral E de Microrganismos-LBQ, Instituto de Biociências-INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS CEP: 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, FCFRP – Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP: 14040-903 Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Ruller
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto - FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP: 14040-901 Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP CEP: 15054-000 Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas - CCNH, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP CEP: 09210-170 Brazil
| | - Douglas Chodi Masui
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral E de Microrganismos-LBQ, Instituto de Biociências-INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS CEP: 79070-900 Brazil
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Potential of fungal thermostable alpha amylase enzyme isolated from Hot springs of Central Anatolia (Turkey) in wheat bread quality. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Granborg JR, Kaasgaard SG, Janfelt C. Mass spectrometry imaging of oligosaccharides following in situ enzymatic treatment of maize kernels. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118693. [PMID: 34742420 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years enzymatic treatment of maize has been utilized in the wet-milling process to increase the yield of extracted starch, proteins, and other constituents. One of the strategies to obtain this goal is to add enzymes that break down insoluble cell-wall polysaccharides which would otherwise entrap starch granules. Due to the high complexity of maize polysaccharides, this goal is not easily achieved and more knowledge about the substrate and enzyme performances is needed. To gather information of both enzyme performance and increase substrate understanding, a method was developed using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to analyze degradation products from polysaccharides following enzymatic treatment of the maize endosperm. Different enzymes were spotted onto cryosections of maize kernels which had been pre-treated with an amylase to remove starch. The cryosections were then incubated for 17 h. before mass spectrometry images were generated with a MALDI-MSI setup. The images showed varying degradation products for the different enzymes observed as pentose oligosaccharides differing with regards to sidechains and the number of linked pentoses. The method proved suitable for identifying the reaction products formed after reaction with different xylanases and arabinofuranosidases and for characterization of the complex arabinoxylan substrate in the maize kernel. HYPOTHESES: Mass spectrometry imaging can be a useful analytical tool for obtaining information of polysaccharide constituents and enzyme performance from maize samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Granborg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Braia M, Cabezudo I, Barrera VL, Anselmi P, Meini MR, Romanini D. An optimization approach to the bioconversion of flour mill waste to α-amylase enzyme by Aspergillus oryzae. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Janíčková Z, Janeček Š. In Silico Analysis of Fungal and Chloride-Dependent α-Amylases within the Family GH13 with Identification of Possible Secondary Surface-Binding Sites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185704. [PMID: 34577174 PMCID: PMC8467227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study brings a detailed bioinformatics analysis of fungal and chloride-dependent α-amylases from the family GH13. Overall, 268 α-amylase sequences were retrieved from subfamilies GH13_1 (39 sequences), GH13_5 (35 sequences), GH13_15 (28 sequences), GH13_24 (23 sequences), GH13_32 (140 sequences) and GH13_42 (3 sequences). Eight conserved sequence regions (CSRs) characteristic for the family GH13 were identified in all sequences and respective sequence logos were analysed in an effort to identify unique sequence features of each subfamily. The main emphasis was given on the subfamily GH13_32 since it contains both fungal α-amylases and their bacterial chloride-activated counterparts. In addition to in silico analysis focused on eventual ability to bind the chloride anion, the property typical mainly for animal α-amylases from subfamilies GH13_15 and GH13_24, attention has been paid also to the potential presence of the so-called secondary surface-binding sites (SBSs) identified in complexed crystal structures of some particular α-amylases from the studied subfamilies. As template enzymes with already experimentally determined SBSs, the α-amylases from Aspergillus niger (GH13_1), Bacillus halmapalus, Bacillus paralicheniformis and Halothermothrix orenii (all from GH13_5) and Homo sapiens (saliva; GH13_24) were used. Evolutionary relationships between GH13 fungal and chloride-dependent α-amylases were demonstrated by two evolutionary trees—one based on the alignment of the segment of sequences spanning almost the entire catalytic TIM-barrel domain and the other one based on the alignment of eight extracted CSRs. Although both trees demonstrated similar results in terms of a closer evolutionary relatedness of subfamilies GH13_1 with GH13_42 including in a wider sense also the subfamily GH13_5 as well as for subfamilies GH13_32, GH13_15 and GH13_24, some subtle differences in clustering of particular α-amylases may nevertheless be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Janíčková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Janeček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Al-Amri A, Al-Ghamdi MA, Khan JA, Altayeb HN, Alsulami H, Sajjad M, Baothman OA, Nadeem MS. Escherichia coli expression and characterization of α-amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239449. [PMID: 34105678 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% β-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Amri
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Al-Ghamdi
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J A Khan
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H N Altayeb
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alsulami
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sajjad
- University of the Punjab, School of Biological Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - O A Baothman
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Nadeem
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Gómez-Villegas P, Vigara J, Romero L, Gotor C, Raposo S, Gonçalves B, Léon R. Biochemical Characterization of the Amylase Activity from the New Haloarchaeal Strain Haloarcula sp. HS Isolated in the Odiel Marshlands. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040337. [PMID: 33923574 PMCID: PMC8073556 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amylases are a large family of α,1-4-endo-glycosyl hydrolases distributed in all kingdoms of life. The need for poly-extremotolerant amylases encouraged their search in extreme environments, where archaea become ideal candidates to provide new enzymes that are able to work in the harsh conditions demanded in many industrial applications. In this study, a collection of haloarchaea isolated from Odiel saltern ponds in the southwest of Spain was screened for their amylase activity. The strain that exhibited the highest activity was selected and identified as Haloarcula sp. HS. We demonstrated the existence in both, cellular and extracellular extracts of the new strain, of functional α-amylase activities, which showed to be moderately thermotolerant (optimum around 60 °C), extremely halotolerant (optimum over 25% NaCl), and calcium-dependent. The tryptic digestion followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis of the partially purified cellular and extracellular extracts allowed to identify the sequence of three alpha-amylases, which despite sharing a low sequence identity, exhibited high three-dimensional structure homology, conserving the typical domains and most of the key consensus residues of α-amylases. Moreover, we proved the potential of the extracellular α-amylase from Haloarcula sp. HS to treat bakery wastes under high salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.)
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.)
| | - Luis Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain; (L.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Sara Raposo
- CIMA—Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, FCT, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (S.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Brígida Gonçalves
- CIMA—Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, FCT, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (S.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Rosa Léon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959-219-951
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Sweeney RP, Danby PM, Geissner A, Karimi R, Brask J, Withers SG. Development of an active site titration reagent for α-amylases. Chem Sci 2020; 12:683-687. [PMID: 34163800 PMCID: PMC8178983 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amylases are among the most widely used classes of enzymes in industry and considerable effort has gone into optimising their activities. Efforts to find better amylase mutants, such as through high-throughput screening, would be greatly aided by access to precise and robust active site titrating agents for quantitation of active mutants in crude cell lysates. While active site titration reagents designed for retaining β-glycosidases quantify these enzymes down to nanomolar levels, convenient titrants for α-glycosidases are not available. We designed such a reagent by incorporating a highly reactive fluorogenic leaving group onto unsaturated cyclitol ethers, which have been recently shown to act as slow substrates for retaining glycosidases that operate via a covalent 'glycosyl'-enzyme intermediate. By appending this warhead onto the appropriate oligosaccharide, we developed efficient active site titration reagents for α-amylases that effect quantitation down to low nanomolar levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Sweeney
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Phillip M Danby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Ryan Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes Krogshoejvej 36 2880 Bagsvaerd Denmark
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes: Structure, Activity, and Reaction Products. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082727. [PMID: 32326403 PMCID: PMC7215940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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