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Cyanobacterial Harmful Bloom Lipopolysaccharides Induce Pro-Inflammatory Effects in Immune and Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030169. [PMID: 36977060 PMCID: PMC10058507 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) produce a variety of toxic and bioactive compounds including lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The gastrointestinal tract can be exposed to them via contaminated water even during recreational activities. However, there is no evidence of an effect of CyanoHAB LPSs on intestinal cells. We isolated LPSs of four CyanoHABs dominated by different cyanobacterial species and LPSs of four laboratory cultures representing the respective dominant cyanobacterial genera. Two intestinal and one macrophage cell lines were used to detect in vitro pro-inflammatory activity of the LPS. All LPSs isolated from CyanoHABs and laboratory cultures induced cytokines production in at least one in vitro model, except for LPSs from the Microcystis PCC7806 culture. LPSs isolated from cyanobacteria showed unique migration patterns in SDS-PAGE that were qualitatively distinct from those of endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria. There was no clear relationship between the biological activity of the LPS and the share of genomic DNA of Gram-negative bacteria in the respective biomass. Thus, the total share of Gram-negative bacteria, or the presence of Escherichia coli-like LPSs, did not explain the observed pro-inflammatory activities. The pro-inflammatory properties of environmental mixtures of LPSs from CyanoHABs indicate their human health hazards, and further attention should be given to their assessment and monitoring.
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Smith DJ, Tan JY, Powers MA, Lin XN, Davis TW, Dick GJ. Individual Microcystis colonies harbour distinct bacterial communities that differ by Microcystis oligotype and with time. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3020-3036. [PMID: 33830633 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton in the phycosphere have impacts at the scale of whole ecosystems, including the development of harmful algal blooms. The cyanobacterium Microcystis causes toxic blooms that threaten freshwater ecosystems and human health globally. Microcystis grows in colonies that harbour dense assemblages of other bacteria, yet the taxonomic composition of these phycosphere communities and the nature of their interactions with Microcystis are not well characterized. To identify the taxa and compositional variance within Microcystis phycosphere communities, we performed 16S rRNA V4 region amplicon sequencing on individual Microcystis colonies collected biweekly via high-throughput droplet encapsulation during a western Lake Erie cyanobacterial bloom. The Microcystis phycosphere communities were distinct from microbial communities in whole water and bulk phytoplankton seston in western Lake Erie but lacked 'core' taxa found across all colonies. However, dissimilarity in phycosphere community composition correlated with sampling date and the Microcystis 16S rRNA oligotype. Several taxa in the phycosphere were specific to and conserved with Microcystis of a single oligotype or sampling date. Together, this suggests that physiological differences between Microcystis strains, temporal changes in strain phenotypes, and the composition of seeding communities may impact community composition of the Microcystis phycosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Smith
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, The University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Building, 1100 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James Y Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Abor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - McKenzie A Powers
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, The University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Building, 1100 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoxia N Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Abor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy W Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Life Sciences Building, Corner of N. College Dr and E. Merry Avenue, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, The University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Building, 1100 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Long N, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Tu J, Lu Z. Recent advances and application in whole-genome multiple displacement amplification. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Metcalf JS, Codd GA. Co-Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins with Other Environmental Health Hazards: Impacts and Implications. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E629. [PMID: 33019550 PMCID: PMC7601082 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-producing cyanobacteria in aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environments can occur alongside a wide range of additional health hazards including biological agents and synthetic materials. Cases of intoxications involving cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, with exposure to additional hazards, are discussed. Examples of the co-occurrence of cyanobacteria in such combinations are reviewed, including cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins plus algal toxins, microbial pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria, metals, pesticides, and microplastics. Toxicity assessments of cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, and these additional agents, where investigated in bioassays and in defined combinations, are discussed and further research needs are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A. Codd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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