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Harutyunyan T, Sargsyan A, Kalashyan L, Igityan H, Grigoryan B, Davtyan H, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T, Hovhannisyan G. Changes in Telomere Length in Leukocytes and Leukemic Cells after Ultrashort Electron Beam Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6709. [PMID: 38928414 PMCID: PMC11203595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Application of laser-generated electron beams in radiotherapy is a recent development. Accordingly, mechanisms of biological response to radiation damage need to be investigated. In this study, telomere length (TL) as endpoint of genetic damage was analyzed in human blood cells (leukocytes) and K562 leukemic cells irradiated with laser-generated ultrashort electron beam. Metaphases and interphases were analyzed in quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) to assess TL. TLs were shortened compared to non-irradiated controls in both settings (metaphase and interphase) after irradiation with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 Gy in blood leukocytes. Radiation also caused a significant TL shortening detectable in the interphase of K562 cells. Overall, a negative correlation between TL and radiation doses was observed in normal and leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner. K562 cells were more sensitive than normal blood cells to increasing doses of ultrashort electron beam radiation. As telomere shortening leads to genome instability and cell death, the results obtained confirm the suitability of this biomarker for assessing genotoxic effects of accelerated electrons for their further use in radiation therapy. Observed differences in TL shortening between normal and K562 cells provide an opportunity for further development of optimal radiation parameters to reduce side effects in normal cells during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran Harutyunyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Anzhela Sargsyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Lily Kalashyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Hovhannes Igityan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Acharyan 31, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (B.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Hakob Davtyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Acharyan 31, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (B.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Galina Hovhannisyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
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2
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Vorobyeva NY, Osipov AA, Chigasova AK, Yashkina EI, Osipov AN. Changes in the Number of Residual γH2AX Foci in Ki-67-Positive and Ki-67-Negative Human Fibroblasts Irradiated with X-Rays in Doses of 2-10 Gy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:450-453. [PMID: 37768460 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied changes in the number of residual γH2AX foci in cultured human fibroblasts with different expression of the cell proliferation marker protein Ki-67 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure to X-ray radiation in doses of 2-10 Gy. It was shown that, regardless of the expression of Ki-67, the number of residual γH2AX foci in irradiated cells linearly depends on the absorbed dose of X-ray radiation. However, the quantitative yield of residual γH2AX foci per unit of the absorbed dose in Ki-67+ cells 24 and 48 h after irradiation was higher than in Ki-67- cells by 1.8 and 2.0 times, respectively. In Ki-67- cells, the quantitative yield of residual γH2AX foci per unit of absorbed dose decreases by ~1.7 times with increasing the time after irradiation from 24 to 72 h. For the purposes of practical radiation biodosimetry, it can be recommended to quantify residual γH2AX foci in non-proliferating cells at least 72 h after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Vorobyeva
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Osipov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Chigasova
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Yashkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Osipov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
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3
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Schulte R, Johnstone C, Boucher S, Esarey E, Geddes CGR, Kravchenko M, Kutsaev S, Loo BW, Méot F, Mustapha B, Nakamura K, Nanni EA, Obst-Huebl L, Sampayan SE, Schroeder CB, Sheng K, Snijders AM, Snively E, Tantawi SG, Van Tilborg J. Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:5021. [PMID: 38240007 PMCID: PMC10795821 DOI: 10.3390/app13085021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The general concept of radiation therapy used in conventional cancer treatment is to increase the therapeutic index by creating a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissues through precision dose targeting, image guidance, and radiation beams that deliver a radiation dose with high conformality, e.g., protons and ions. However, the treatment and cure are still limited by normal tissue radiation toxicity, with the corresponding side effects. A fundamentally different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged recently, supported by preclinical research, and based on the FLASH radiation effect. FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) is an ultra-high-dose-rate delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose within a fraction of a second. Experimental studies have shown that normal tissues seem to be universally spared at these high dose rates, whereas tumors are not. While dose delivery conditions to achieve a FLASH effect are not yet fully characterized, it is currently estimated that doses delivered in less than 200 ms produce normal-tissue-sparing effects, yet effectively kill tumor cells. Despite a great opportunity, there are many technical challenges for the accelerator community to create the required dose rates with novel compact accelerators to ensure the safe delivery of FLASH radiation beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Schulte
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carol Johnstone
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Salime Boucher
- RadiaBeam Technologies, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Eric Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Kutsaev
- RadiaBeam Technologies, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Billy W. Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - François Méot
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | - Kei Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emilio A. Nanni
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Stephen E. Sampayan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
- Opcondys, Inc., Manteca, CA 95336, USA
| | | | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | - Emma Snively
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sami G. Tantawi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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4
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Sitnikov DS, Revkova VA, Ilina IV, Gurova SA, Komarov PS, Struleva EV, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200212. [PMID: 36250985 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The data is obtained on the effect of high-intensity pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation with a broad spectrum (0.2-3 THz) on cell cultures. We have evaluated the threshold exposure parameters of THz radiation causing genotoxic effects in fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser 139 (γH2AX) was chosen as a marker for genotoxicity and a quantitative estimation of γH2AX foci number in fibroblasts was performed after cell irradiation with THz pulses for 30 min. No genotoxic effects of THz radiation were observed in fibroblasts unless peak intensity and electric field strength exceeded 21 GW cm-2 and 2.8 MV cm-1 , respectively. In tumor cell lines (neuroblastoma (SK-N-BE (2)) and glioblastoma (U87)), exposure to THz pulses with peak intensity of 21 GW cm-2 for 30 min caused no morphological changes as well as no statistically significant increase in histone phosphorylation foci number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Gurova
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S Komarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Struleva
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Blokhina TM, Ivanov AA, Vorobyeva NY, Yashkina EI, Nikitenko OV, Bychkova TM, Molokanov AG, Timoshenko GN, Bushmanov AY, Samoilov AS, Osipov AN. DNA Damage in Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Secondary Radiation Created by 650 MeV Protons Bombarding a Concrete Shielding Barrier. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:194-198. [PMID: 36600036 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of splenocytes with a high level of DNA double-strand breaks was determined in mice exposed to primary and secondary radiation created by bombarding of a concrete barrier (thickness 20, 40, and 80 cm) by 650 MeV protons. The proportion of splenocytes with a high level of DNA double-strand breaks was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of γH2AX+ and TUNEL+ cells. It is shown that concrete barrier can significantly reduce primary proton radiation; the severity of negative biological effects in mice irradiated in the center of the proton beam decreased with increasing the thickness of this barrier. However, the spectrum of secondary radiation changes significantly with increasing the barrier thickness from 20 to 80 cm and the distance from central axis of the beam from 0 to 20 cm, and the proportion of the neutron component increases, which also causes negative biological effects manifesting in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the percentage of splenocytes with a high level of DNA damage in mice irradiated at a distance of 20 cm from the center of the proton beam and receiving relatively low doses (0.10-0.17 Gy).
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Blokhina
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Se-menov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ivanov
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems, State Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,United Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - N Yu Vorobyeva
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Se-menov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Yashkina
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Se-menov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Nikitenko
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems, State Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T M Bychkova
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems, State Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A Yu Bushmanov
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Samoilov
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Osipov
- A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia. .,N. N. Se-menov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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6
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The Effect of Low-Energy Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation on Erythropoiesis and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126692. [PMID: 35743135 PMCID: PMC9223873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a commonly observed consequence of whole-body exposure to a dose of X-ray or gamma irradiation of the order of the mean lethal dose in mammals, and it is an important factor for the determination of the survival of animals. The aim of this study was to unravel the effect of laser-driven ultrashort pulsed electron beam (UPEB) irradiation on the process of erythropoiesis and the redox state in the organism. Wistar rats were exposed to laser-driven UPEB irradiation, after which the level of oxidative stress and the activities of different antioxidant enzymes, as well as blood smears, bone marrow imprints and sections, erythroblastic islets, hemoglobin and hematocrit, hepatic iron, DNA, and erythropoietin levels, were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days after irradiation. Despite the fact that laser-driven UPEB irradiation requires quite low doses and repetition rates to achieve the LD50 in rats, our findings suggest that whole-body exposure with this new type of irradiation causes relatively mild anemia in rats, with subsequent fast recovery up to the 28th day. Moreover, this novel type of irradiation causes highly intense processes of oxidative stress, which, despite being relatively extinguished, did not reach the physiologically stable level even at the 28th day after irradiation due to the violations in the antioxidant system of the organism.
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7
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Tightly Focused Femtosecond Laser Radiation Induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Tumor Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:743-746. [PMID: 35501653 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the formation of double-strand DNA breaks (DNA DSB) induced by femtosecond laser radiation in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells using immunocytochemical staining of the resulting tracks of a specific DSB marker protein phosphorylated ATM kinase (phospho-ATM). Additionally, colocalization of phospho-ATM tracks with γH2AX protein tracks was studied. The results of immunocytochemical analysis showed that 30 min after irradiation of cells with femtosecond pulses with energies of 1 and 2 nJ (radiation power density 2×1011 and 4×1011 W×cm-2, respectively), the formation of tracks consisting of phospho-ATM and γH2AX proteins located in sites where the laser beam passes through the cell nuclei was observed. The presence of phospho-ATM tracks co-localized with γH2AX allows us to conclude that exposure to focused femtosecond infrared laser radiation with a pulse energy of 1-2 nJ leads to the formation of DNA DSB in irradiated cells.
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8
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Increased Yield of Residual γH2AX Foci in p53-Deficient Human Lung Carcinoma Cells Exposed to Subpicosecond Beams of Accelerated Electrons. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:756-759. [PMID: 35501643 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied quantitative yield of residual (24 h post-irradiation) phosphorylated histone (γH2AX) foci as a marker of DNA double strand breaks in wild-type A549 and p53-deficient H1299 human lung carcinoma cells after exposure to subpicosecond (energy 4 MeV, pulse duration 400 fsec, peak dose rate during the pulse 16 GGy/s) and quasi-continuous (energy 3.6 MeV) beams of accelerated electrons in a dose range of 0.5-10.0 Gy. The efficiency of pulse irradiation in A549 and H1299 cells assessed by the yield of residual foci was higher than the efficiency of quasi-continuous exposure by 1.8 and 5.3 times, respectively. Significant differences in quantitative yield of residual γH2AX foci between wild-type and p53-deficient cell lines were observed only after exposure to subpicosecond, but not quasi-continuous beams of accelerated electrons.
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9
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Friedl AA, Prise KM, Butterworth KT, Montay-Gruel P, Favaudon V. Radiobiology of the FLASH effect. Med Phys 2022; 49:1993-2013. [PMID: 34426981 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposures at ultrahigh dose rates (UHDRs) at several orders of magnitude greater than in current clinical radiotherapy (RT) have been shown to manifest differential radiobiological responses compared to conventional (CONV) dose rates. This has led to studies investigating the application of UHDR for therapeutic advantage (FLASH-RT) that have gained significant interest since the initial discovery in 2014 that demonstrated reduced lung toxicity with equivalent levels of tumor control compared with conventional dose-rate RT. Many subsequent studies have demonstrated the potential protective role of FLASH-RT in normal tissues, yet the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the FLASH effect remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we summarize the current evidence of the FLASH effect and review FLASH-RT studies performed in preclinical models of normal tissue response. To critically examine the underlying biological mechanisms of responses to UHDR radiation exposures, we evaluate in vitro studies performed with normal and tumor cells. Differential responses to UHDR versus CONV irradiation recurrently involve reduced inflammatory processes and differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. In addition, frequently reduced levels of DNA damage or misrepair products are seen after UHDR irradiation. So far, it is not clear what signal elicits these differential responses, but there are indications for involvement of reactive species. Different susceptibility to FLASH effects observed between normal and tumor cells may result from altered metabolic and detoxification pathways and/or repair pathways used by tumor cells. We summarize the current theories that may explain the FLASH effect and highlight important research questions that are key to a better mechanistic understanding and, thus, the future implementation of FLASH-RT in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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10
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Colony-Forming Ability and Residual Foci of DNA Repair Proteins in Human Lung Fibroblasts Irradiated with Subpicosecond Beams of Accelerated Electrons. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 172:22-25. [PMID: 34792714 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study of the colony-forming ability and the number of residual foci of DNA repair proteins in cultured human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) after exposure to subpicosecond beams of accelerated electrons with an energy of 3.6 MeV and quasi-continuous radiation (accelerated electrons with an energy of 4 MeV and X-rays). The yield of damages causing reproductive cell death after pulsed subpicosecond radiation exposure was higher by ~1.8 times than after quasi-continuous radiation exposure. The quantitative yield of residual γH2AX foci (phosphorylated H2AX histone, a protein marker of DNA double breaks) in cells irradiated with subpicosecond beams of accelerated electrons was shown to be ~2.0- 2.5-fold higher than in cells irradiated with quasi-continuous beams of accelerated electrons.
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11
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Sitnikov DS, Ilina IV, Revkova VA, Rodionov SA, Gurova SA, Shatalova RO, Kovalev AV, Ovchinnikov AV, Chefonov OV, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Effects of high intensity non-ionizing terahertz radiation on human skin fibroblasts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7122-7138. [PMID: 34858704 PMCID: PMC8606137 DOI: 10.1364/boe.440460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the data have been obtained on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation (with the intensity of 30 GW/cm2, electric field strength of 3.5 MV/cm) on human skin fibroblasts. A quantitative estimation of the number of histone Н2АХ foci of phosphorylation was performed. The number of foci per cell was studied depending on the irradiation time, as well as on the THz pulse energy. The performed studies have shown that the appearance of the foci is not related to either the oxidative stress (the cells preserve their morphology, cytoskeleton structure, and the reactive oxygen species content does not exceed the control values), or the thermal effect of THz radiation. The prolonged irradiation of fibroblasts also did not result in a decrease of their proliferative index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A. Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Rodionov
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Gurova
- National Research nuclear University MEPhI Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Rimma O. Shatalova
- National Research nuclear University MEPhI Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kovalev
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Ovchinnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Chefonov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Tsakanova G, Babayan N, Karalova E, Hakobyan L, Abroyan L, Avetisyan A, Avagyan H, Hakobyan S, Poghosyan A, Baghdasaryan B, Arakelova E, Ayvazyan V, Matevosyan L, Navasardyan A, Davtyan H, Apresyan L, Yeremyan A, Aroutiounian R, Osipov AN, Grigoryan B, Karalyan Z. Low-Energy Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation-Induced Immune Response in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111525. [PMID: 34768958 PMCID: PMC8584044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new laser-driven electron linear accelerators, providing unique ultrashort pulsed electron beams (UPEBs) with low repetition rates, opens new opportunities for radiotherapy and new fronts for radiobiological research in general. Considering the growing interest in the application of UPEBs in radiation biology and medicine, the aim of this study was to reveal the changes in immune system in response to low-energy laser-driven UPEB whole-body irradiation in rodents. Forty male albino Wistar rats were exposed to laser-driven UPEB irradiation, after which different immunological parameters were studied on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after irradiation. According to the results, this type of irradiation induces alterations in the rat immune system, particularly by increasing the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and elevating the DNA damage rate. Moreover, such an immune response reaches its maximal levels on the third day after laser-driven UPEB whole-body irradiation, showing partial recovery on subsequent days with a total recovery on the 28th day. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the effect of laser-driven UPEB whole-body irradiation on the immune system of the animals and support further animal experiments on the role of this novel type of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +374-941-23070
| | - Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Elena Karalova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Lina Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Liana Abroyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Aida Avetisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Hranush Avagyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Sona Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Arpine Poghosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Bagrat Baghdasaryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Elina Arakelova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Violetta Ayvazyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Lusine Matevosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Arpine Navasardyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Hakob Davtyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Lilit Apresyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Arsham Yeremyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- Group for Radiation Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids, N.N. Semenov Federal Research for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for the Development of Innovative Drugs and Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Experimental Radiobiology and Radiation Medicine Department, State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
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13
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Tsakanova G, Arakelova E, Matevosyan L, Petrosyan M, Gasparyan S, Harutyunyan K, Babayan N. The role of women scientists in the development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology-based biomedical research in Armenia. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:489-495. [PMID: 34623213 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the contribution of women scientists in the development of biomedical studies conducted on research facilities based on the ultrashort pulsed laser technologies in Armenia. CONCLUSION Given the opportunities provided by the ultrashort pulsed laser driven two-photon microscopy and electron beam linac facilities at CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, the Armenian women scientists initiated and conducted interdisciplinary research to understand of the biomedical effects of ultrashort pulsed electron beam irradiation, as well as to experience and apply the advantages of the two-photon microscopy in their fields of research. Women scientists had a crucial role and unique impact in the development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology-based biomedical studies in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elina Arakelova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Mariam Petrosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Gasparyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia.,Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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14
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Tsakanova G, Arakelova E, Ayvazyan V, Karalyan Z, Matevosyan L, Arakelyan A, Amirkhanyan Z, Davtyan H, Khachatryan V, Grigoryan B. The LD50 for Low-Energy Ultrashort-Pulsed Laser Driven Electron Beam Whole-Body Irradiation of Wistar Rats. Radiat Res 2021; 196:658-667. [PMID: 34478547 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new technology of low-energy ultrashort-pulsed electron beam (UPEB) accelerators has been developed opening new directions for radiobiology and biomedical research. The purpose of this study was to reveal the lethal dose, LD50 (lethal dose, 50%) delivered by low-energy UPEB whole-body exposure on an organismal level. Wistar rats were exposed to low-energy UPEB whole-body irradiation with different doses and pulse repetition rates to find the LD50 and in silico computer simulations were performed to conduct numerical dose calculations. Survival rate, body weight and water consumption were monitored over the 30-day observation period postirradiation. The LD50 was observed after a 2 Gy dose and pulse repetition rate of 2 Hz. In this group, 50% of the animals survived 30 days postirradiation. The groups of animals exposed to low-energy UPEB radiation at higher doses and pulse repetition rates demonstrated higher mortality rates. We demonstrated that the LD50 dose for the low-energy UPEB whole body irradiation in Wistar rats corresponds to 2 Gy with a pulse repetition rate of 2 Hz. Moreover, we showed that the pulse repetition rate is a very important parameter in the experiments with UPEB and should be assessed in the experiments with such kind of novel irradiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.,CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hakob Davtyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
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15
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Immunocytochemical Localization of XRCC1 and γH2AX Foci Induced by Tightly Focused Femtosecond Laser Radiation in Cultured Human Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134027. [PMID: 34279367 PMCID: PMC8271364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the prospects for using intense femtosecond laser radiation in biomedicine, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of its action on biological macromolecules, especially on the informational macromolecule-DNA. The aim of this work was to study the immunocytochemical localization of DNA repair protein foci (XRCC1 and γH2AX) induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser radiation in human cancer A549 cells. The results showed that no XRCC1 or γH2AX foci tracks were observed 30 min after cell irradiation with femtosecond pulses of 1011 W∙cm-2 peak power density. An increase in the pulse power density to 2 × 1011 W∙cm-2 led to the formation of linear tracks consisting both of XRCC1 and γH2AX protein foci localized in the places where the laser beam passed through the cell nuclei. A further increase in the pulse power density to 4 × 1011 W∙cm-2 led to the appearance of nuclei with total immunocytochemical staining for XRCC1 and γH2AX on the path of the laser beam. Thus, femtosecond laser radiation can be considered as a tool for local ionization of biological material, and this ionization will lead to similar effects obtained using ionizing radiation.
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16
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Laggner M, Gugerell A, Copic D, Jeitler M, Springer M, Peterbauer A, Kremslehner C, Filzwieser-Narzt M, Gruber F, Madlener S, Erb M, Widder J, Lechner W, Georg D, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Comparing the efficacy of γ- and electron-irradiation of PBMCs to promote secretion of paracrine, regenerative factors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:14-27. [PMID: 33768126 PMCID: PMC7960502 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free secretomes represent a promising new therapeutic avenue in regenerative medicine, and γ-irradiation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been shown to promote the release of paracrine factors with high regenerative potential. Recently, the use of alternative irradiation sources, such as artificially generated β- or electron-irradiation, is encouraged by authorities. Since the effect of the less hazardous electron-radiation on the production and functions of paracrine factors has not been tested so far, we compared the effects of γ- and electron-irradiation on PBMCs and determined the efficacy of both radiation sources for producing regenerative secretomes. Exposure to 60 Gy γ-rays from a radioactive nuclide and 60 Gy electron-irradiation provided by a linear accelerator comparably induced cell death and DNA damage. The transcriptional landscapes of PBMCs exposed to either radiation source shared a high degree of similarity. Secretion patterns of proteins, lipids, and extracellular vesicles displayed similar profiles after γ- and electron-irradiation. Lastly, we detected comparable biological activities in functional assays reflecting the regenerative potential of the secretomes. Taken together, we were able to demonstrate that electron-irradiation is an effective, alternative radiation source for producing therapeutic, cell-free secretomes. Our study paves the way for future clinical trials employing secretomes generated with electron-irradiation in tissue-regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jeitler
- Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Springer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Peterbauer
- Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Filzwieser-Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, and Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Erb
- SYNLAB Analytics and Services Switzerland AG, 4127 Birsfelden, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Widder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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The p53-53BP1-Related Survival of A549 and H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells after Multifractionated Radiotherapy Demonstrated Different Response to Additional Acute X-ray Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093342. [PMID: 32397297 PMCID: PMC7246764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the main methods of treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the resistance of tumor cells to exposure remains the main factor that limits successful therapeutic outcome. To study the molecular/cellular mechanisms of increased resistance of NSCLC to ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, we compared A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-deficient) cells, the two NSCLC cell lines. Using fractionated X-ray irradiation of these cells at a total dose of 60 Gy, we obtained the survived populations and named them A549IR and H1299IR, respectively. Further characterization of these cells showed multiple alterations compared to parental NSCLC cells. The additional 2 Gy exposure led to significant changes in the kinetics of γH2AX and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (pATM) foci numbers in A549IR and H1299IR compared to parental NSCLC cells. Whereas A549, A549IR, and H1299 cells demonstrated clear two-component kinetics of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, H1299IR showed slower kinetics of γH2AX foci disappearance with the presence of around 50% of the foci 8 h post-IR. The character of H2AX phosphorylation in these cells was pATM-independent. A decrease of residual γH2AX/53BP1 foci number was observed in both A549IR and H1299IR compared to parental cells post-IR at extra doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy. This process was accompanied with the changes in the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2, also designated as CDw338 and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) protein. Our study provides strong evidence that different DNA repair mechanisms are activated by multifraction radiotherapy (MFR), as well as single-dose IR, and that the enhanced cellular survival after MFR is reliant on both p53 and 53BP1 signaling along with non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Our results are of clinical significance as they can guide the choice of the most effective IR regimen by analyzing the expression status of the p53–53BP1 pathway in tumors and thereby maximize therapeutic benefits for the patients while minimizing collateral damage to normal tissue.
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