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Sharma E, Lal P, Kumar A, Prasad K, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R. Colourful staples on your table: Unus ex genere suo. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114715. [PMID: 39059963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The positive health benefits of colored staples have led to a significant increase in interest in them as healthy food ingredients. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that colored cereals are rich in antioxidants, carotenoids, and xanthophylls, which are widely used as natural additives in the food industry. Additionally, shifts in consumer preferences have led to a preference for nutritionally balanced diets over traditional high-energy ones. Thus, colored cereals offer additional nutritional value that has been previously untapped. Besides providing essential nutrients, these natural pigments also have the potential to replace synthetic colors and food additives. This review aims to provide insights into the nutritional value of various colored staples compared to conventional starchy staples and their associated health benefits. Colored staples can be incorporated into daily diets, offering a nutritious and healthful addition to the table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar GT Road (NH1), Phagwara, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Killi Prasad
- Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India; ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Zhou J, Wu J, Fu F, Yao S, Zheng W, Du W, Luo H, Jin H, Tong P, Wu C, Ruan H. α-Solanine attenuates chondrocyte pyroptosis to improve osteoarthritis via suppressing NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18132. [PMID: 38345195 PMCID: PMC10863976 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Solanine has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties; however, its efficacy in treating osteoarthritis (OA) remains ambiguous. The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of α-solanine on OA development in a mouse OA model. The OA mice were subjected to varying concentrations of α-solanine, and various assessments were implemented to assess OA progression. We found that α-solanine significantly reduced osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and OARSI score. And it decreased proteoglycan loss and calcification in articular cartilage. Specifically, α-solanine inhibited extracellular matrix degradation by downregulating collagen 10, matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 13, and upregulating collagen 2. Importantly, α-solanine reversed chondrocyte pyroptosis phenotype in articular cartilage of OA mice by inhibiting the elevated expressions of Caspase-1, Gsdmd and IL-1β, while also mitigating aberrant angiogenesis and sensory innervation in subchondral bone. Mechanistically, α-solanine notably hindered the early stages of OA progression by reducing I-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, thereby inactivating NF-κB signalling. Our findings demonstrate the capability of α-solanine to disrupt chondrocyte pyroptosis and sensory innervation, thereby improving osteoarthritic pathological progress by inhibiting NF-κB signalling. These results suggest that α-solanine could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
- The First People's Hospital of WenlingTaizhouChina
| | - Jinting Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
- Xinchang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShaoxingChina
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Wenbiao Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsTaizhou Municipal HospitalTaizhouChina
| | - Weibin Du
- Research Institute of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
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Milani F, Bottoni M, Bardelli L, Colombo L, Colombo PS, Bruschi P, Giuliani C, Fico G. Remnants from the Past: From an 18th Century Manuscript to 21st Century Ethnobotany in Valle Imagna (Bergamo, Italy). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2748. [PMID: 37514363 PMCID: PMC10386062 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This project originated from the study of an 18th century manuscript found in Valle Imagna (Bergamo, Italy) which contains 200 plant-based medicinal remedies. A first comparison with published books concerning 20th century folk medicine in the Valley led to the designing of an ethnobotanical investigation, aimed at making a thorough comparison between past and current phytotherapy knowledge in this territory. METHODS The field investigation was conducted through semi-structured interviews. All data collected was entered in a database and subsequently processed. A diachronic comparison between the field results, the manuscript, and a 20th century book was then performed. RESULTS A total of 109 interviews were conducted and the use of 103 medicinal plants, belonging to 46 families, was noted. A decrease in number of plant taxa and uses was observed over time, with only 42 taxa and 34 uses reported in the manuscript being currently known by the people of the valley. A thorough comparison with the remedies in the manuscript highlighted similar recipes for 12 species. Specifically, the use of agrimony in Valle Imagna for the treatment of deep wounds calls back to an ancient remedy against leg ulcers based on this species. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results of this study allow us to outline the partial passage through time fragments of ancient plant-based remedies once used in the investigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Laura Bardelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
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Song SS, Wang RY, Li ZH, Yang Y, Wang TT, Qing LS, Luo P. Role of simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on biotransformation and bioactivity of astragalosides from Radix Astragali. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115414. [PMID: 37141677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is commonly used in Asian herbal therapy or food supply, and astragalosides and flavonoids are its major components with diverse pharmaceutical effects. To provide new information on the potential cardiovascular benefits of RA administered orally, the bioaccessibility of these compounds with relevant in vitro digestion parameters was determined for four digestion phases (oral, gastric, small and large intestines) by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Meanwhile, we compared the effects of digestion products on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) model, and studied the potential of RA against oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease. The changes of saponins and flavonoids composition and antioxidant activity after digestion in intestines were mainly due to the astragaloside IV (AS-IV) biosynthesis involving saponins acetyl isomerization and deacetylation, and the flavonoid glycosides converted to aglycone by deglycosylation processes. All these results suggest that acetyl biotransformation of RA in small intestine directly influenced the response to oxidative stress, and might provide a reference for elucidation of the multi-component action after oral RA in cardiovascular health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Run-Yue Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau.
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Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Diets and Food Choices in Polish Female Ulcerative Colitis Individuals Compared with a Pair-Matched Control Sample. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040857. [PMID: 36839214 PMCID: PMC9964133 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis patients often attribute their symptoms to specific dietary products. Therefore, even though there are no specific dietary recommendations, these patients commonly have dietary restrictions, often with no consultation from their physician or dietitian, as they believe that they may be beneficial for them. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional value of diets and food choices in Polish female ulcerative colitis individuals, in comparison with a pair-matched control sample. The study was conducted on a group of 44 Polish female ulcerative colitis individuals being in remission and 44 individuals within a pair-matched control sample, matched by their age and concurrent diseases, excluding those resulting from ulcerative colitis. The analysis of the diet was based on the self-reported data, including 3-day dietary records (to assess the intake of nutrients and food products), as well as the simple open-ended question about food products excluded from their diet. It was stated that Polish female ulcerative colitis individuals were characterized by a lower energy value of diet (p = 0.0043), accompanied by the higher proportion of total protein (p = 0.0128) than the pair-matched control sample. As a result of a lower energy value for ulcerative colitis individuals, the intake of numerous nutrients was also lower (p < 0.05); however, after recalculation per 1000 kcal, ulcerative colitis individuals were characterized by higher total protein (p = 0.0121), starch (p = 0.0009), and vitamin B6 intake (p = 0.0319), as well as lower alcohol intake (p = 0.0464). Similarly, as a result of a lower energy value for ulcerative colitis individuals, the intake of numerous foods was also lower (p < 0.05); however, after recalculation per 1000 kcal, ulcerative colitis individuals were characterized by higher meat (p = 0.0058) and potatoes intake (p = 0.0052), as well as lower legumes (p = 0.0301), chocolate sweets (p = 0.0165), and alcoholic beverages intake (p = 0.0062). For chocolate sweets (p = 0.0134) and alcoholic beverages (p = 0.0091), ulcerative colitis individuals were characterized by a higher frequency of declaration of dietary exclusion. At the same time, ulcerative colitis individuals were characterized by a lower frequency of meeting the recommended intake for magnesium (p = 0.0005), iron (p = 0.0189), vitamin E (p = 0.0389), and vitamin B1 (p = 0.0032). It was concluded that even in remission, there is a risk of inadequate consumption, not meeting the recommended intake, and nutritional deficiencies in the population of female ulcerative colitis patients.
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Cai SQ, Tang ZM, Xiong C, Wu FF, Zhao JR, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang XN, Zhao XH. The anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin and genistein on the rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells with TNF-α stimulation in response to heat treatment. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:918-926. [PMID: 36686365 PMCID: PMC9846340 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the anti-inflammatory function of two flavonoids apigenin and genistein in rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and to clarify whether the heat treatment of the flavonoids might affect flavonoid activity. The flavonoids at lower dosage (e.g. 5 μmol/L) had no toxic effect but growth promotion on the cells. Meanwhile, the flavonoid pretreatment of the cells before TNF-α stimulation could maintain cellular morphology, decrease the production of prostaglandin E2 and two pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, but increase the production of two anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β. Additionally, the flavonoids could block off the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, and suppress the expression of phosphorylated IκBα and p65 induced by TNF-α. Meanwhile, the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 shared a similar function with the flavonoids to mediate the production of IL-6/IL-10. Furthermore, in silico analysis also declared that the flavonoids could interact with the IκBα-NF-κB complex at the binding pockets to yield the binding energies ranging from -31.7 to -34.0 kJ/mol. However, the heated flavonoids were consistently less effective than the unheated counterparts to perform these anti-inflammatory effects. It is thus proposed that both apigenin and genistein have anti-inflammatory potential to the TNF-α-stimulated IEC-6 cells by inactivating the NF-κB pathway, while heat treatment of the flavonoids caused a negative impact on these assessed anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Cai
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Zhi-Mei Tang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Cen Xiong
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Fei-Fei Wu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Jun-Ren Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, 514015, Meizhou, PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China,Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, PR China,Corresponding author. School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000, Maoming, PR China.
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Rasheed H, Ahmad D, Bao J. Genetic Diversity and Health Properties of Polyphenols in Potato. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040603. [PMID: 35453288 PMCID: PMC9030900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol is one of the most essential phytochemicals with various health benefits. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is known as a potential source of polyphenols, and also has health benefits in which phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, sustainably play the most significant role. Almost every polyphenol contributes to various biological activities. In this review, we collected comprehensive information concerning the diversity of polyphenols in potatoes, and the effects of post-harvest processing and different cooking methods on the bioavailability of polyphenols. To achieve maximum health benefits, the selection of potato cultivars is necessary by choosing their colors, but various cooking methods are also very important in obtaining the maximum concentration of polyphenolic compounds. The health properties including major biological activities of polyphenols, such as antioxidant activity, anticarcinogenic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-obesity activity, and antidiabetic activity, have also been summarized. All these biological activities of polyphenols in potatoes might be helpful for breeders in the design of new varieties with many health benefits, and are expected to play a vital role in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
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Cai SQ, Zhang Q, Zhao XH, Shi J. The In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Galangin and Quercetin towards the LPS-Injured Rat Intestinal Epithelial (IEC-6) Cells as Affected by Heat Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:7495. [PMID: 34946578 PMCID: PMC8703769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols possess several beneficial bioactivities in vitro and in vivo. In this study, two flavonols galangin and quercetin with or without heat treatment (100 °C for 15-30 min) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells and whether the heat treatment caused activity changes. The flavonol dosages of 2.5-20 μmol/L had no cytotoxicity on the cells but could enhance cell viability (especially using 5 μmol/L flavonol dosage). The flavonols could decrease the production of prostaglandin E2 and three pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and simultaneously promote the production of two anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β. The Western-blot results verified that the flavonols could suppress the LPS-induced expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated IκBα and p65, while the molecular docking results also illustrated that the flavonols could bind with TLR4 and NF-κB to yield energy decreases of -(21.9-28.6) kJ/mol. Furthermore, an inhibitor BAY 11-7082 blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated IκBα/p65 and thus mediated the production of IL-6/IL-10 as the flavonols did, which confirmed the assessed anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonols. Consistently, galangin had higher anti-inflammatory activity than quercetin, while the heated flavonols (especially those with longer heat time) were less active than the unheated counterparts to exert these target anti-inflammatory effects. It is highlighted that the flavonols could antagonize the LPS-caused IEC-6 cells inflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB activation, but heat treatment of the flavonols led to reduced anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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Olaparib: A Clinically Applied PARP Inhibitor Protects from Experimental Crohn's Disease and Maintains Barrier Integrity by Improving Bioenergetics through Rescuing Glycolysis in Colonic Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7308897. [PMID: 34567413 PMCID: PMC8457969 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7308897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the intestines characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction and mucosal damage. The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is deeply involved in the pathomechanism of inflammation since it leads to energy depletion and mitochondrial failure in cells. Focusing on the epithelial barrier integrity and bioenergetics of epithelial cells, we investigated whether the clinically applied PARP inhibitor olaparib might improve experimental CD. We used the oral PARP inhibitor olaparib in the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced mouse colitis model. Inflammatory scoring, cytokine levels, colon histology, hematological analysis, and intestinal permeability were studied. Caco-2 monolayer culture was utilized as an epithelial barrier model, on which we used qPCR and light microscopy imaging, and measured impedance-based barrier integrity, FITC-dextran permeability, apoptosis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and extracellular acidification rate. Olaparib reduced the inflammation score, the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6, enhanced the level of IL-10, and decreased the intestinal permeability in TNBS-colitis. Blood cell ratios, such as lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were improved. In H2O2-treated Caco-2 monolayer, olaparib decreased morphological changes, barrier permeability, and preserved barrier integrity. In oxidative stress, olaparib enhanced glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate), and it improved mitochondrial function (mitochondrial coupling efficiency, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity) in epithelial cells. Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor used in human cancer therapy, improved experimental CD and protected intestinal barrier integrity by preventing its energetic collapse; therefore, it could be repurposed for the therapy of Crohn's disease.
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Rapa SF, Prisco F, Popolo A, Iovane V, Autore G, Di Iorio BR, Dal Piaz F, Paciello O, Nishijima F, Marzocco S. Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate in Mice: Impairment of Intestinal Homeostasis and Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031135. [PMID: 33498967 PMCID: PMC7865799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestines are recognized as the main source of chronic inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, among other cells, macrophages are involved in modulating this process as well as in the impaired immune response which also occurs in CKD patients. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Indoxyl Sulfate (IS), a protein bound uremic toxin poorly eliminated by hemodialysis, on inflammatory, oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic parameters, at the intestinal level in mice, on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) and on primary murine peritoneal macrophages. C57BL/6J mice were treated with IS (800 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 or 6 h and histopathological analysis showed that IS induced intestinal inflammation and increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitrotyrosine and Bax expression in intestinal tissue. In IEC-6 cells, IS (125–1000 µM) increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels, COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine formation. Moreover, IS increased pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic parameters in peritoneal macrophages from IS-treated mice. Also, the serum concentration of IS and pro-inflammatory levels of cytokines resulted increased in IS-treated mice. Our results indicate that IS significantly contributes to affect intestinal homeostasis, immune response, and to induce a systemic pro-inflammatory state thus highlighting its potential role as therapeutic target in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (A.P.); (V.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, NA, Italy; (F.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (A.P.); (V.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (A.P.); (V.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (A.P.); (V.I.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, NA, Italy; (F.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Fuyu Nishijima
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo 169-8503, Japan;
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (A.P.); (V.I.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-89-969250
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11
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Rapa SF, Di Paola R, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Autore G, Cuzzocrea S, Stuppner H, Marzocco S. Plumericin Protects against Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Restoring Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010067. [PMID: 33445622 PMCID: PMC7826791 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier impairment plays a key pathogenic role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In particular, together with oxidative stress, intestinal epithelial barrier alteration is considered as upstream event in ulcerative colitis (UC). In order to identify new products of natural origin with a potential activity for UC treatment, this study evaluated the effects of plumericin, a spirolactone iridoid, present as one of the main bioactive components in the bark of Himatanthus sucuuba (Woodson). Plumericin was evaluated for its ability to improve barrier function and to reduce apoptotic parameters during inflammation, both in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), and in an animal experimental model of 2, 4, 6-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. Our results indicated that plumericin increased the expression of adhesion molecules, enhanced IEC-6 cells actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and promoted their motility. Moreover, plumericin reduced apoptotic parameters in IEC-6. These results were confirmed in vivo. Plumericin reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase, inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, P-selectin, and the formation of PAR, and reduced apoptosis parameters in mice colitis induced by DNBS. These results support a pharmacological potential of plumericin in the treatment of UC, due to its ability to improve the structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium and its barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +89-969159
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12
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Chen H. New insights in intestinal oxidative stress damage and the health intervention effects of nutrients: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Lauro MR, Marzocco S, Rapa SF, Musumeci T, Giannone V, Picerno P, Aquino RP, Puglisi G. Recycling of Almond By-Products for Intestinal Inflammation: Improvement of Physical-Chemical, Technological and Biological Characteristics of a Dried Almond Skins Extract. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090884. [PMID: 32957562 PMCID: PMC7558754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almond skins are rich in bioactive compounds that undergo oxidation/degradation phenomena and are poorly soluble in water, reducing in vivo absorption and bioavailability, factors that influence the pharmacological activity of an active product. We developed a dried acetonic almond skins extract/cyclodextrin complex to improve extract solubility, dissolution rate and biological activity. METHODS A lyophilized acetonic almond skin extract was produced. To optimize complex formulation, phase solubility studies and complex characterization (absorption studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), morphology, solubility studies) were performed. To evaluate a possible use in healthy products, tumor necrosis factor-α levels and reactive oxygen species release, as well as cicloxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in intestinal epithelial cells, were also evaluated. RESULTS Phase solubility studies showed a Bs-type profile. A 1:1 dried acetonic almond skins extract/cyclodextrin ratio was able to improve extract water solubility and dissolution rate (100% in 45 min). The UV-Vis spectra of complex revealed a hypsochromic and hyperchromic effect, probably due to a partial inclusion of extract in cyclodextrin cavity through weak bonds, confirmed by DSC and morphology studies. The technological improvement in the extract characteristics also led to better biological activity. In fact, the complex effectively reduces tumor necrosis factor-α levels with respect to the pure extract and significantly inhibits the reactive oxygen species release, even if only at the lower concentration of 5 μg/mL. CONCLUSION The complex was able to overcome solubility problems and could be used in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.R.); (P.P.); (R.P.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.R.); (P.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.R.); (P.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy; (T.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Virgilio Giannone
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Picerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.R.); (P.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.R.); (P.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy; (T.M.); (G.P.)
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14
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Bottoni M, Milani F, Colombo L, Nallio K, Colombo PS, Giuliani C, Bruschi P, Fico G. Using Medicinal Plants in Valmalenco (Italian Alps): From Tradition to Scientific Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184144. [PMID: 32927742 PMCID: PMC7570945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Caspoggio (Valmalenco, SO, Italy) with the purpose of investigating the traditional uses of medicinal plants. Moreover, a bibliographic research meant to validate or refute the uses, focusing on the potentially responsible compounds, was performed. Fifty-nine species, attributable to 30 families (Asteraceae, Pinaceae, Malvaceae, and Lamiaceae the most cited), were mentioned. Arnica montana, anti-inflammatory for traumas and musculoskeletal pains; Pinus mugo, expectorant; Malva sylvestris, anti-inflammatory and soothing; Achillea moschata, digestive. The compounds, responsible for the therapeutic activities, are often polyphenols and terpenoids: helenanin in A. montana, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and limonene in P. mugo, gossypin and malvin in M. sylvestris, luteolin and apigenin in A. moschata. Scientific evidence for at least one of the traditional activities described was found for 50 species but only in 26 out of 196 works consulted, it is possible to make a comparison between investigated extracts and traditional preparations. This study is thus a stimulus to new phytochemical investigations, mimicking as much as possible the traditional preparations. This work is part of the European Interreg Italy-Switzerland B-ICE project, aimed at creating a management model for the ongoing climate change and searching for new sources of territory valorization as attractions for tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Kevin Nallio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
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15
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Alilou M, Marzocco S, Hofer D, Rapa SF, Asadpour R, Schwaiger S, Troppmair J, Stuppner H. Labdane-Type Diterpenes from the Aerial Parts of Rydingia persica: Their Absolute Configurations and Protective Effects on LPS-Induced Inflammation in Keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2456-2468. [PMID: 32786876 PMCID: PMC7460539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigations of an extract of the aerial parts of Rydingia persica led to the isolation of 14 labdane-type diterpenoids, of which compounds 1-5, 8, and 12-14 turned out to be new natural products, while the remaining compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Rydingia. Their structures were elucidated using 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry, and their absolute configurations were determined by quantum chemical calculation methods. Furthermore, DP4+ NMR chemical shift probability calculations were performed for compounds 12-14, in order to elucidate the orientation of the ambiguous chiral center at C-15, prior to absolute configuration determination. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of R. persica along with subfractions obtained and selected isolated compounds were evaluated for their effects on inflammation-related factors such as nitrotyrosine formation, IL-6 release, and TNF-α release, along with tight-junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin expression in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells. Occludin and claudin-1 are tight-junction proteins, which play a pivotal role in wound repair mechanisms. Overall, the subfractions and compounds isolated showed moderate to high activity, indicating that labdane-type diterpenoids contribute to the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity of R. persica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Alilou
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Daniel-Swarovski
Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic
Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - David Hofer
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rahman Asadpour
- Research
Institute and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources
of Hormozgan, Tolu Street, 7915847669 Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel-Swarovski
Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic
Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Bioactive Polyphenols from Pomegranate Juice Reduce 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080699. [PMID: 32756489 PMCID: PMC7464015 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Different noxious agents, among them also anticancer therapies, can impair intestinal epithelial integrity triggering inflammation and oxidative stress. A frequent complication of chemotherapy is gastrointestinal mucositis, strongly influencing the effectiveness of therapy, increasing healthcare costs, and impairing patients’ quality of life. Different strategies are used to treat gastrointestinal mucositis, including products from natural sources. Our study focused on the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice extract on IEC-6 cells, both during inflammatory conditions and following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The polyphenolic profile of pomegranate juice was characterized in detail by Online Comprehensive two dimensional Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The evaluation of pomegranate juice extract in IEC-6 indicates a significant inhibition in proinflammatory factors, such as cytokines release, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitrotyrosine formation. Pomegranate also inhibited oxidative stress and adhesion protein expression. In 5-FU-treated IEC-6, pomegranate also inhibited both inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis. It promoted wound repair and tight junction expression. These results suggest a potential use of pomegranate as an adjuvant in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory and oxidative stress states, which also occur during chemotherapy-induced mucositis.
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