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Sun D, Du X, Cao X, Wu B, Li S, Zhao Y, Liu T, Xu L, Huang H. Neutrophil-Based Bionic Delivery System Breaks Through the Capillary Barrier of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Inhibits the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2043-2057. [PMID: 38471114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The capillarization of hepatic sinusoids resulting from the activation of hepatic stellate cells poses a significant challenge, impeding the effective delivery of therapeutic agents to the Disse space for liver fibrosis treatment. Therefore, overcoming these barriers and achieving efficient drug delivery to activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are pressing challenge. In this study, we developed a synergistic sequential drug delivery approach utilizing neutrophil membrane hybrid liposome@atorvastatin/amlisentan (NCM@AtAm) and vitamin A-neutrophil membrane hybrid liposome @albumin (VNCM@Bai) nanoparticles (NPs) to breach the capillary barrier for targeted HSC cell delivery. Initially, NCM@AtAm NPs were successfully directed to the site of hepatic fibrosis through neutrophil-mediated inflammatory targeting, resulting in the normalization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and restoration of fenestrations under the combined influence of At and Am. Elevated tissue levels of the p-Akt protein and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) indicated the normalization of LSECs following treatment with At and Am. Subsequently, VNCM@Bai NPs traversed the restored LSEC fenestrations to access the Disse space, facilitating the delivery of Bai into aHSCs under vitamin A guidance. Lastly, both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the efficacy of Bai in inhibiting HSC cell activation by modulating the PPAR γ/TGF-β1 and STAT1/Smad7 signaling pathways, thereby effectively treating liver fibrosis. Overall, our designed synergistic sequential delivery system effectively overcomes the barrier imposed by LSECs, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bingyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030,China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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2
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Li H, Zhang R, Hu Y, Li J, Yang Y, Wu D, Gu X, Zhang F, Zhou H, Yang C. Axitinib attenuates the progression of liver fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial function. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110555. [PMID: 37399607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which may eventually lead to liver failure and even death. No direct anti-fibrosis drugs are available at present. Axitinib is a new generation of potent multitarget tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors, but its role in liver fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, a CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model and a TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell model were used to explore the effect and mechanism of axitinib on hepatic fibrosis. Results confirmed that axitinib could alleviate the pathological damage of liver tissue induced by CCl4 and inhibit the production of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. It also inhibited collagen and hydroxyproline deposition and the protein expression of Col-1 and α-SMA in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, axitinib inhibited the expression of CTGF and α-SMA in TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cells. Further studies showed that axitinib inhibited mitochondrial damage and reduced oxidative stress and NLRP3 maturation. The use of rotenone and antimycin A confirmed that axitinib could restore the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III, thereby inhibiting the maturation of NLRP3. In summary, axitinib inhibits the activation of HSCs by enhancing the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III, thereby alleviating the progression of liver fibrosis. This study reveals the strong potential of axitinib in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yayue Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinhe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fubo Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China.
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3
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Zhang J, Guo J, Yang N, Huang Y, Hu T, Rao C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death in liver injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1051. [PMID: 36535923 PMCID: PMC9763476 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is an important intracellular organelle that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) are induced when the body is exposed to adverse external stimuli. It has been established that ERS can induce different cell death modes, including autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, through three major transmembrane receptors on the ER membrane, including inositol requirement enzyme 1α, protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and activating transcription factor 6. These different modes of cell death play an important role in the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and liver injury. As the largest metabolic organ, the liver is rich in enzymes, carries out different functions such as metabolism and secretion, and is the body's main site of protein synthesis. Accordingly, a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum system is present in hepatocytes to help the liver perform its physiological functions. Current evidence suggests that ERS is closely related to different stages of liver injury, and the death of hepatocytes caused by ERS may be key in liver injury. In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests that modulating ERS has great potential for treating the liver injury. This article provided a comprehensive overview of the relationship between ERS and four types of cell death. Moreover, we discussed the mechanism of ERS and UPR in different liver injuries and their potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XR&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XR&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Nannan Yang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XR&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XR&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Tingting Hu
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XR&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XR&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137 China
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Chen Z, Lin Z, Yu J, Zhong H, Zhuo X, Jia C, Wan Y. Mitofusin-2 Restrains Hepatic Stellate Cells' Proliferation via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Inhibits Liver Fibrosis in Rats. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:6731335. [PMID: 35083025 PMCID: PMC8786480 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6731335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin-2 (MFN2) gene can suppress the cell cycle and regulate cell proliferation in a number of cell types. However, its function in hepatic fibrosis remains largely unexplored. We attempted to understand the mechanism of MFN2 in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and the development of hepatic fibrosis. Rat HSC-T6 HSC were cultured and transfected by adenovirus- (Ad-) Mfn2 or its negative control (NC) vector (Ad-green fluorescent protein (GFP)); a rat liver cirrhosis model was established via subcutaneous injection with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: CCl4, Mfn2, GFP, and NC. Ad-Mfn2 or Ad-GFP was transfected into the circulation via intravenous injection at day 1, 14, 28, 42, or 56 after the first injection of CCl4 in the Mfn2/GFP groups. Biomarkers related to HSC proliferation and the development of hepatic fibrosis were detected using western blotting, hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, Mfn2 interfered specifically with platelet-derived growth factor- (PDGF-) induced signaling pathway (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- (PI3K-) AKT), inhibiting HSC-T6 cell activation and proliferation. During the process of hepatic fibrosis in vivo, extracellular collagen deposition and the expression of fibrosis-related proteins increased progressively, while Mfn2 expression decreased gradually. Upregulating Mfn2 expression at the early stage of fibrosis impeded the process, triggered the downregulation of type I collagen, and antagonized the formation of factors associated with liver fibrosis. Mfn2 suppresses HSC proliferation and activation and exhibits antifibrotic potential in early-stage hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, it may represent a significant therapeutic target for eradicating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zeyu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiandong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haifeng Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Hospital Affiliate to Sun Yat-Sen University, Meizhou 514021, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianhua Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changku Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunle Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China
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Tao S, Duan R, Xu T, Hong J, Gu W, Lin A, Lian L, Huang H, Lu J, Li T. Salvianolic acid B inhibits the progression of liver fibrosis in rats via modulation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:116. [PMID: 34970339 PMCID: PMC8713182 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has previously reported anti-hepatic fibrosis effects, though it is not clear if it can inhibit hepatic fibrosis by regulating the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles and mechanism of Sal B in preventing and treating liver fibrosis in rats. The study also aimed to determine the role of the Hh signaling pathway in this process. A rat model of liver fibrosis was induced through the subcutaneous injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride, followed by treatment with Sal B. After gavage, blood was collected to detect serum markers of liver injury. The degree of liver fibrosis and tissue damage was assessed using histopathological analysis. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression levels of TGF-β1 and Hh signaling pathway-related genes, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein, membrane protein receptor protein patched homolog 1 (Ptch1), membrane protein receptor Smoothened (Smo) and transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1). Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were decreased, whilst levels of albumin were increased in rats with liver fibrosis that were treated with Sal B (P<0.05). Additionally, significant increases in TGF-β1, Shh, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1 and α-smooth muscle actin expression levels were observed in the liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis (P<0.05). However, Sal B treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of these proteins (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the Hh signaling pathway may be activated during the process of rat liver fibrosis. Thus, Sal B may exert its anti-hepatic fibrosis effects, at least in part, by inhibiting the activation of the Hh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Tao
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Renjie Duan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Hong
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Lin
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Likai Lian
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Lu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Tiechen Li
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
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6
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Ruttanapattanakul J, Wikan N, Chinda K, Jearanaikulvanich T, Krisanuruks N, Muangcha M, Okonogi S, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Essential Oil from Zingiber ottensii Induces Human Cervical Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Cascades. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071419. [PMID: 34371622 PMCID: PMC8309419 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber ottensii (ZO) is a local plant in Thailand and has been used as a Thai traditional therapy for many conditions. ZO has been reported to exhibit many pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer activity. Nevertheless, its anti-cancer effects explored at the signaling level have not been elucidated in cervical cancer, which is one of the leading causes of fatality in females. We discovered that the essential oil of ZO significantly increased the apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) after 24 h of treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data also clearly demonstrated that ZO essential oil reduced IL-6 levels in the culture supernatants of the cancer cells. Moreover, Western blot analysis clearly verified that cells were induced to undergo apoptotic death via caspase activation upon treatment with ZO essential oil. Interestingly, immunofluorescence studies and Western blot analyses showed that ZO essential oil suppressed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced pAkt and pERK1/2 signaling pathway activation. Together, our study demonstrates that ZO essential oil can reduce the proliferation and survival signaling of HeLa cervical cancer cells. Our study provides convincing data that ZO essential oil suppresses the growth and survival of cervical cancer cells, and it may be a potential choice for developing an anti-cancer agent for treating certain cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapak Ruttanapattanakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Kittinan Chinda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Thanathorn Jearanaikulvanich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Napatsorn Krisanuruks
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Muantep Muangcha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.R.); (K.C.); (T.J.); (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-93-4597
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7
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Liu Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Guo Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy are involved in adipocyte-induced fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2527-2538. [PMID: 33638026 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, with the characterization of progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), is the common pathologic feature in the process of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are activated and differentiate into proliferative and contractile myofibroblasts are recognized as the main drivers of fibrosis. Obesity-related adipocytokine dysregulation is known to accelerate liver fibrosis progression, but the direct fibrogenic effect of mature adipocytes on HSCs has been rarely reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the fibrogenic effect of adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells on hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. The results showed that incubating LX-2 cells with the supernatant of 3T3-L1 adipocytes triggered the expression of ECM related proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen (CO-I), and activated TGF β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in LX-2 cells. In addition, 3T3-L1 cells inhibited insulin sensitivity, activated endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy to promote the development of fibrosis. These results supported the notion that mature adipocytes can directly activate hepatic stellate cells, and the establishment of an in vitro model of adipocytes on HSCs provides an insight into screening of drugs for liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China. .,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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8
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Structure-Activity Relationship of Aloperine Derivatives as New Anti-Liver Fibrogenic Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214977. [PMID: 33121156 PMCID: PMC7663597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-seven novel 12N-substituted aloperine derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their inhibitory effects on collagen α1 (I) (COL1A1) promotor in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells, taking aloperine (1) as the hit. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study disclosed that the introduction of suitable substituents on the 12N atom might enhance the activity. Compound 4p exhibited a good promise on down-regulating COL1A1 expression with the IC50 value of 16.5 μM. Its inhibitory activity against COL1A1 was further confirmed on both mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, it effectively inhibited the expression of other fibrogenic proteins, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). It also exhibited good in vivo safety profile with the oral LD50 value of 400 mg kg-1 in mice. The results initiated the anti-liver fibrogenic study of aloperine derivatives, and the key compound 4p was selected as a novel lead for further investigation against liver fibrogenesis.
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9
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Hankittichai P, Buacheen P, Pitchakarn P, Na Takuathung M, Wikan N, Smith DR, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Artocarpus lakoocha Extract Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041355. [PMID: 32079307 PMCID: PMC7072914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. (AL) has been known for its high content of stilbenoids, especially oxyresveratrol. AL has been used in Thai traditional medicine for centuries. However, the role of AL in regulating inflammation has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammation of AL ethanolic extract in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The HPLC results revealed that this plant was rich in oxyresveratrol, and AL ethanolic extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. In particular, AL extract decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated production and secretion of cytokines and chemokine, including IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Consistently, the extract inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated cells. Data from the immunofluorescence study showed that AL extract suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) upon LPS induction. Results from Western blot analysis further confirmed that AL extract strongly prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IκB which is normally required for the activation of NF-κB. The protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in response to LPS stimulation was significantly decreased with the presence of AL extract. AL extract was found to play an anti-inflammatory role, in part through inhibiting LPS-induced activation of Akt. The extract had negligible impact on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Specifically, incubation of cells with the extract for only 3 h demonstrated the rapid action of AL extract on inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt, but not ERK1/2. Longer exposure (24 h) to AL extract was required to mildly reduce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK MAPKs. These results indicate that AL extract manipulates its anti-inflammatory effects mainly through blocking the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signal transduction pathways. Collectively, we believe that AL could be a potential alternative agent for alleviating excessive inflammation in many inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phateep Hankittichai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pensiri Buacheen
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.W.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Duncan R. Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.W.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +66-53-934597
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