1
|
Hu B, Liu G, Zhao K, Zhang G. Diversity of extracellular HSP70 in cancer: advancing from a molecular biomarker to a novel therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388999. [PMID: 38646439 PMCID: PMC11026673 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved protein functioning as a "molecular chaperone", which is integral to protein folding and maturation. In addition to its high expression within cells upon stressful challenges, HSP70 can be translocated to the cell membrane or released from cells in free form or within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such trafficking of HSP70 is also present in cancer cells, as HSP70 is overexpressed in various types of patient samples across a range of common malignancies, signifying that extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) can serve as a tumor biomarker. eHSP70 is involved in a broad range of cancer-related events, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immune response. eHSP70 can also induce cancer cell resistance to various treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy. Though the role of eHSP70 in tumors is contradictory, characterized by both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, eHSP70 serves as a promising target in cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current knowledge about the role of eHSP70 in cancer progression and treatment resistance and discussed the feasibility of eHSP70 as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kejia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nikotina AD, Vladimirova SA, Kokoreva NE, Nevdakha VA, Lazarev VF, Kuznetcova LS, Komarova EY, Suezov RV, Efremov S, Leonova E, Kartsev VG, Aksenov ND, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV. Novel mechanism of drug resistance triggered by tumor-associated macrophages through Heat Shock Factor-1 activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:25. [PMID: 38280079 PMCID: PMC10821977 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages constitute a major part of tumor microenvironment, and most of existing data demonstrate their ruling role in the development of anti-drug resistance of cancer cell. One of the most powerful protection system is based on heat shock proteins whose synthesis is triggered by activated Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1); the inhibition of the HSF1 with CL-43 sensitized A549 lung cancer cells to the anti-cancer effect of etoposide. Notably, analyzing A549 tumor xenografts in mice we observed nest-like pattern of co-localization of A549 cells demonstrating enhanced expression of HSF1 with macrophages, and decided to check whether the above arrangement has a functional value for both cell types. It was found that the incubation of A549 or DLD1 colon cancer cells with either human monocytes or THP1 monocyte-like cells activated HSF1 and increased resistance to etoposide. Importantly, the same effect was shown when primary cultures of colon tumors were incubated with THP1 cells or with human monocytes. To prove that HSF1 is implicated in enhanced resistance caused by monocytic cells, we generated an A549 cell subline devoid of HSF1 which did not respond to incubation with THP1 cells. The pharmacological inhibition of HSF1 with CL-43 also abolished the effect of THP1 cells on primary tumor cells, highlighting a new target of tumor-associated macrophages in a cell proteostasis mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Nikotina
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Snezhana A Vladimirova
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Kokoreva
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Valeria A Nevdakha
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Lazarev
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Liubov S Kuznetcova
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Elena Y Komarova
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Roman V Suezov
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Tumor- and Immune Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Efremov
- Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 190103, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Leonova
- Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 190103, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Nikolay D Aksenov
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sverchinsky DV, Alhasan BA, Mikeladze MA, Lazarev VF, Kuznetcova LS, Morshneva AV, Nikotina AD, Ziewanah A, Koludarova LV, Starkova TY, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV. Autocrine regulation of tumor cell repopulation by Hsp70-HMGB1 alarmin complex. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:279. [PMID: 37880798 PMCID: PMC10598926 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer recurrence is regulated by a variety of factors, among which is the material of dying tumor cells; it is suggested that remaining after anti-cancer therapy tumor cells receive a signal from proteins called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), one of which is heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). METHODS Two models of tumor repopulation were employed, based on minimal population of cancer cells and application of conditioned medium (CM). To deplete the CMs of Hsp70 affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose and immunoprecipitation were used. Cell proliferation and the dynamics of cell growth were measured using MTT assay and xCELLigence technology; cell growth markers were estimated using qPCR and with the aid of ELISA for prostaglandin E detection. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass-spectrometry was employed to identify Hsp70-binding proteins and protein-protein interaction assays were developed to reveal the above protein complexes. RESULTS It was found that CM of dying tumor cells contains tumor regrowth-initiating factors and the removal of one of them, Hsp70, caused a reduction in the relapse-activating capacity. The pull out of Hsp70 alone using ATP-agarose had no effect on repopulation, while the immunodepletion of Hsp70 dramatically reduced its repopulation activity. Using proteomic and immunochemical approaches, we showed that Hsp70 in conditioned medium binds and binds another abundant alarmin, the High Mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) protein; the complex is formed in tumor cells treated with anti-cancer drugs, persists in the cytosol and is further released from dying tumor cells. Recurrence-activating power of Hsp70-HMGB1 complex was proved by the enhanced expression of proliferation markers, Ki67, Aurka and MCM-10 as well as by increase of prostaglandin E production and autophagy activation. Accordingly, dissociating the complex with Hsp70 chaperone inhibitors significantly inhibited the pro-growth effects of the above complex, in both in vitro and in vivo tumor relapse models. CONCLUSIONS These data led us to suggest that the abundance of the Hsp70-HMGB1 complex in the extracellular matrix may serve as a novel marker of relapse state in cancer patients, while specific targeting of the complex may be promising in the treatment of cancers with a high risk of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Sverchinsky
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Bashar A Alhasan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Marina A Mikeladze
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Lazarev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Liubov S Kuznetcova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alisa V Morshneva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alina D Nikotina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amr Ziewanah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lidia V Koludarova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Biocenter 2, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Tatiana Y Starkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamaguchi-Tanaka M, Takagi K, Miki Y, Sato A, Iwabuchi E, Miyashita M, Suzuki T. The Pro-Tumorigenic Role of Chemotherapy-Induced Extracellular HSP70 from Breast Cancer Cells via Intratumoral Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061903. [PMID: 36980788 PMCID: PMC10047178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to tumor progression and chemoresistance; it is therefore important to clarify the altered functions of macrophages following chemotherapy. While extracellular heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is associated with therapeutic resistance, the effects of HSP70 on TAMs remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry in 116 breast carcinoma specimens to determine whether the secretion of HSP70 from breast cancer cells following chemotherapy affects macrophage function. It was revealed that the interaction of epirubicin (EPI)-exposed breast cancer cells with macrophages enhanced tumor progression, and EPI promoted the secretion of extracellular HSP70 from breast cancer cells. The expression of pro-tumorigenic macrophage marker CD163 was decreased in macrophages treated with a conditioned medium (CM) from HSP70-silenced breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cells treated with CM from HSP70-silenced breast cancer cells showed decreased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and the pro-tumorigenic effects of macrophages were impaired when TGF-β signaling was inhibited. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that HSP70 served as a poor prognostic factor in conjunction with macrophage infiltration. It was therefore concluded that extracellular HSP70 levels increased following chemotherapy and enhanced the pro-tumorigenic effects of TAMs, either directly or indirectly, by regulating TGF-β expression in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Yamaguchi-Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science & Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai 981-8551, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suzuki M, Yamamoto Y, Nishijima-Matsunobu A, Kawasaki Y, Shibata H, Omori Y. A curcumin analogue GO-Y030 depletes cancer stem cells by inhibiting the interaction between the HSP70/HSP40 complex and its substrates. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:434-446. [PMID: 36648092 PMCID: PMC9989923 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be involved in tumor initiation and play important roles in cancer relapse, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, the targeting of CSCs has potential for effective anticancer therapies. Curcumin is one of the most widely characterized phytochemicals with tumor-suppressive potential. GO-Y030 is a novel curcumin analogue exhibiting a much stronger growth-inhibitory effect than curcumin. In the present study, we verified the potency of GO-Y030 against a CSC population. We observed that GO-Y030 suppressed CSC sphere-forming ability in several cancer cell lines. Interestingly, a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 also exhibited effects similar to GO-Y030 (i.e. inhibition of CSC sphere formation and upregulation of HSP70 and HSP40 protein expression), suggesting that HSP70 and/or HSP40 might be target molecules of GO-Y030. We then performed an in vitro HSP70/HSP40-mediated refolding activity assay and observed that chaperone activity was efficiently inhibited by GO-Y030. Finally, we performed a substrate-binding assay to show that GO-Y030 reduced the binding of both HSP70 and HSP40 with their substrates. HSPs prevent denaturation or unfolding of client proteins under stressful conditions such as high temperature. Because CSCs by nature adapt to various stresses by reinforcing protein-folding activity, the function of HSP70/HSP40 is important for the maintenance of CSC population. Our data suggest that GO-Y030 may impair stress tolerance in CSCs by inhibiting the interaction of HSP70/HSP40 with their substrate proteins and disrupting the function of HSP70/HSP40, thereby contributing to a reduction of the CSC population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Tumour Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Tumour Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Aki Nishijima-Matsunobu
- Department of Molecular and Tumour Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-and-Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Omori
- Department of Molecular and Tumour Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen S, Yang Y, He S, Lian M, Wang R, Fang J. Review of biomarkers for response to immunotherapy in HNSCC microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1037884. [PMID: 36860322 PMCID: PMC9968921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1037884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Although a variety of treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy are widely used in diagnosing and treating HNSCC, the survival prognosis of patients has not been significantly improved in the past decades. As an emerging treatment approach, immunotherapy has shown exciting therapeutic effects in R/M HNSCC. However, the current screening methods are still insufficient, and there is a significant need for reliable predictive biomarkers for personalized clinical management and new therapeutic strategies. This review summarized the application of immunotherapy in HNSCC, comprehensively analyzed the existing bioinformatic studies on immunotherapy in HNSCC, evaluated the current methods of tumor immune heterogeneity and immunotherapy, and aimed to screen molecular markers with potential predictive significance. Among them, PD-1 has obvious predictive relevance as the target of existing immune drugs. Clonal TMB is a potential biomarker for HNSCC immunotherapy. The other molecules, including IFN-γ, CXCL, CTLA-4, MTAP, SFR4/CPXM1/COL5A1, TILs, CAFs, exosomes, and peripheral blood indicators, may have suggestive significance for tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhi He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
IL-1R1 blockade attenuates liver injury through inhibiting the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in sepsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 620:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Radzi MRM, Johari NA, Zawawi WFAWM, Zawawi NA, Latiff NA, Malek NANN, Wahab AA, Salim MI, Jemon K. In vivo evaluation of oxidized multiwalled-carbon nanotubes-mediated hyperthermia treatment for breast cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 134:112586. [PMID: 35525733 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that contribute to high mortality worldwide. Hyperthermia (HT) was introduced as one of the alternative treatments to treat breast cancer but has major drawback of damaging normal adjacent cells. This study explores the integration effect of multiwalled‑carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in combination with hyperthermia treatment for breast cancer therapy regimes. In this study, acid-functionalized MWCNTs (ox-MWCNTs) were prepared by acid washing methods using H2SO4/HNO3 (98%/68%) with the ratio of 3:1 (ν/ν) and characterized by colloidal dispersibility test, FTIR, TGA, XRD, FESEM and EDX analysis. EMT6 tumor-bearing mice were treated with ox-MWCNTs in combination with local HT at 43 °C. The tumor progression was monitored and the influence of immune response was evaluated. Results from this study demonstrated that mice from ox-MWCNTs in combination with local HT treatment group experienced complete tumor eradication, accompanied by a significant increase in median survival of the mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed that tumor treated with combined treatment underwent cell necrosis and there was a significant reduction of proliferating cells when compared to the untreated tumor. This observation is also accompanied with an increase in Hsp70 expression in tumor treated with HT. Flow cytometry analysis of the draining lymph nodes showed an increase in dendritic cells infiltration and maturation in mice treated with combined treatment. In addition, a significant increase of tumor-infiltrated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells along with macrophages and natural killer cells was observed in tumor treated with combined treatment. Altogether, results presented in this study suggested the potential of ox-MWCNTs-mediated HT as an anticancer therapeutic agent, hence might be beneficial in the future of breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Redza Mohd Radzi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amanina Johari
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nurriza Ab Latiff
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Cancer and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Asnida Abdul Wahab
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Maheza Irna Salim
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khairunadwa Jemon
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Cancer and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sommerfeld L, Finkernagel F, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Nist A, Stiewe T, Müller‐Brüsselbach S, Sokol AM, Graumann J, Reinartz S, Müller R. The multicellular signalling network of ovarian cancer metastases. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e633. [PMID: 34841720 PMCID: PMC8574964 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcoelomic spread is the major route of metastasis of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with the omentum as the major metastatic site. Its unique tumour microenvironment with its large populations of adipocytes, mesothelial cells and immune cells establishes an intercellular signaling network that is instrumental for metastatic growth yet poorly understood. METHODS Based on transcriptomic analysis of tumour cells, tumour-associated immune and stroma cells we defined intercellular signaling pathways for 284 cytokines and growth factors and their cognate receptors after bioinformatic adjustment for contaminating cell types. The significance of individual components of this network was validated by analysing clinical correlations and potentially pro-metastatic functions, including tumour cell migration, pro-inflammatory signal transduction and TAM expansion. RESULTS The data show an unexpected prominent role of host cells, and in particular of omental adipocytes, mesothelial cells and fibroblasts (CAF), in sustaining this signaling network. These cells, rather than tumour cells, are the major source of most cytokines and growth factors in the omental microenvironment (n = 176 vs. n = 13). Many of these factors target tumour cells, are linked to metastasis and are associated with a short survival. Likewise, tumour stroma cells play a major role in extracellular-matrix-triggered signaling. We have verified the functional significance of our observations for three exemplary instances. We show that the omental microenvironment (i) stimulates tumour cell migration and adhesion via WNT4 which is highly expressed by CAF; (ii) induces pro-tumourigenic TAM proliferation in conjunction with high CSF1 expression by omental stroma cells and (iii) triggers pro-inflammatory signaling, at least in part via a HSP70-NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS The intercellular signaling network of omental metastases is majorly dependent on factors secreted by immune and stroma cells to provide an environment that supports ovarian HGSC progression. Clinically relevant pathways within this network represent novel options for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Sommerfeld
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Julia M. Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital (UKGM)MarburgGermany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital (UKGM)MarburgGermany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
- Institute of Molecular OncologyPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Sabine Müller‐Brüsselbach
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Anna M. Sokol
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine‐MainMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine‐MainMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Translational Proteomics, Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hsp70-containing extracellular vesicles are capable of activating of adaptive immunity in models of mouse melanoma and colon carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21314. [PMID: 34716378 PMCID: PMC8556270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of Hsp70 chaperone from tumor cells is found to trigger the full-scale anti-cancer immune response. Such release and the proper immune reaction can be induced by the delivery of recombinant Hsp70 to a tumor and we sought to explore how the endogenous Hsp70 can be transported to extracellular space leading to the burst of anti-cancer activity. Hsp70 transport mechanisms were studied by analyzing its intracellular tracks with Rab proteins as well as by using specific inhibitors of membrane domains. To study Hsp70 forms released from cells we employed the assay consisting of two affinity chromatography methods. Hsp70 content in culture medium and extracellular vesicles (EVs) was measured with the aid of ELISA. The properties and composition of EVs were assessed using nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoblotting. The activity of immune cells was studied using an assay of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and for in vivo studies we employed methods of affinity separation of lymphocyte fractions. Analyzing B16 melanoma cells treated with recombinant Hsp70 we found that the chaperone triggered extracellular transport of its endogenous analog in soluble and enclosed in EVs forms; both species efficiently penetrated adjacent cells and this secondary transport was corroborated with the strong increase of Natural Killer (NK) cell toxicity towards melanoma. When B16 and CT-26 colon cancer cells before their injection in animals were treated with Hsp70-enriched EVs, a powerful anti-cancer effect was observed as shown by a two-fold reduction in tumor growth rate and elevation of life span. We found that the immunomodulatory effect was due to the enhancement of the CD8-positive response and anti-tumor cytokine accumulation; supporting this there was no delay in CT-26 tumor growth when Hsp70-enriched EVs were grafted in nude mice. Importantly, pre-treatment of B16 cells with Hsp70-bearing EVs resulted in a decline of arginase-1-positive macrophages, showing no generation of tumor-associated macrophages. In conclusion, Hsp70-containing EVs generated by specifically treated cancer cells give a full-scale and effective pattern of anti-tumor immune responses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Linder M, Pogge von Strandmann E. The Role of Extracellular HSP70 in the Function of Tumor-Associated Immune Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184721. [PMID: 34572948 PMCID: PMC8466959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The intracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is essential for cells to respond to stress, for instance, by refolding damaged proteins or inhibiting apoptosis. However, in cancer, HSP70 is overexpressed and can translocate to the extracellular milieu, where it emerged as an important modulator of tumor-associated immune cells. By targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) through different mechanisms, extracellular HSP70 can trigger pro- or anti-tumorigenic responses. Therefore, understanding the pathways and their consequences is crucial for therapeutically targeting cancer and its surrounding microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the translocation of extracellular HSP70. We further elucidate its functions within the TME and provide an overview of potential therapeutic options. Abstract Extracellular vesicles released by tumor cells (T-EVs) are known to contain danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are released in response to cellular stress to alert the immune system to the dangerous cell. Part of this defense mechanism is the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and HSP70-positive T-EVs are known to trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Moreover, extracellular HSP70 acts as an immunogen that contributes to the cross-presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. However, the release of DAMPs, including HSP70, may also induce chronic inflammation or suppress immune cell activity, promoting tumor growth. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on soluble, membrane-bound, and EV-associated HSP70 regarding their functions in regulating tumor-associated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The molecular mechanisms involved in the translocation of HSP70 to the plasma membrane of tumor cells and its release via exosomes or soluble proteins are summarized. Furthermore, perspectives for immunotherapies aimed to target HSP70 and its receptors for cancer treatment are discussed and presented.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ambrose AJ, Chapman E. Function, Therapeutic Potential, and Inhibition of Hsp70 Chaperones. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7060-7082. [PMID: 34009983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hsp70s are among the most highly conserved proteins in all of biology. Through an iterative binding and release of exposed hydrophobic residues on client proteins, Hsp70s can prevent aggregation and promote folding to the native state of their client proteins. The human proteome contains eight canonical Hsp70s. Because Hsp70s are relatively promiscuous they play a role in folding a large proportion of the proteome. Hsp70s are implicated in disease through their ability to regulate protein homeostasis. In recent years, researchers have attempted to develop selective inhibitors of Hsp70 isoforms to better understand the role of individual isoforms in biology and as potential therapeutics. Selective inhibitors have come from rational design, forced localization, and serendipity, but the development of completely selective inhibitors remains elusive. In the present review, we discuss the Hsp70 structure and function, the known Hsp70 client proteins, the role of Hsp70s in disease, and current efforts to discover Hsp70 modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu L, Jin Y, Qin X. Comprehensive analysis of significant genes and immune cell infiltration in HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
14
|
Albakova Z, Armeev GA, Kanevskiy LM, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM. HSP70 Multi-Functionality in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030587. [PMID: 32121660 PMCID: PMC7140411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are abundantly present in cancer, providing malignant cells selective advantage by suppressing multiple apoptotic pathways, regulating necrosis, bypassing cellular senescence program, interfering with tumor immunity, promoting angiogenesis and supporting metastasis. This direct involvement of HSP70 in most of the cancer hallmarks explains the phenomenon of cancer "addiction" to HSP70, tightly linking tumor survival and growth to the HSP70 expression. HSP70 operates in different states through its catalytic cycle, suggesting that it can multi-function in malignant cells in any of these states. Clinically, tumor cells intensively release HSP70 in extracellular microenvironment, resulting in diverse outcomes for patient survival. Given its clinical significance, small molecule inhibitors were developed to target different sites of the HSP70 machinery. Furthermore, several HSP70-based immunotherapy approaches were assessed in clinical trials. This review will explore different roles of HSP70 on cancer progression and emphasize the importance of understanding the flexibility of HSP70 nature for future development of anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Grigoriy A. Armeev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Leonid M. Kanevskiy
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| |
Collapse
|