1
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Liu L, Zheng W, Wei Y, Li Q, Chen N, Xia Q, Wang L, Hu J, Zhou X, Sun Y, Li B. Mechanical stress-induced autophagy is cytoskeleton dependent. Cell Prolif 2024:e13728. [PMID: 39155403 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is essential for mechanical signal transduction and autophagy. However, few studies have directly demonstrated the contribution of the cytoskeleton to mechanical stress-induced autophagy. We explored the role of the cytoskeleton in response to compressive force-induced autophagy in human cell lines. Inhibition and activation of cytoskeletal polymerization using small chemical molecules revealed that cytoskeletal microfilaments are required for changes in the number of autophagosomes, whereas microtubules play an auxiliary role in mechanical stress-induced autophagy. The intrinsic mechanical properties and special intracellular distribution of microfilaments may account for a large proportion of compression-induced autophagy. Our experimental data support that microfilaments are core components of mechanotransduction signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglin Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfei Zhou
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Liu Q, Deng X, Wang L, Xie W, Zhang H, Li Q, Yang Q, Jiang C. Chlorantraniliprole Enhances Cellular Immunity in Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:586. [PMID: 39194791 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The innate immunity of insects encompasses cellular and humoral defense mechanisms and constitutes the primary defense against invading microbial pathogens. Cellular immunity (phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation) is primarily mediated by hemocytes. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes play an important role and require changes in the cytoskeletons of hemocytes. However, research investigating the immunological impacts of insecticides on the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, remains scarce. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of chlorantraniliprole exposure on cellular immunity in FAW larvae. Our findings revealed the presence of five types of hemocytes in the larvae: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytoids, and spherulocytes. The LD10, LD20, and LD30 of chlorantraniliprole affected both the morphology and total count of some hemocytes in the larvae. Moreover, larvae exposed to chlorantraniliprole showed increased phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation. To determine the mechanism of the enhanced cellular immunity, we studied plasmatocytes in the spread state and the cytoskeleton in hemocytes. It was found that the spreading ratio of plasmatocytes and the areas of the cytoskeletons in hemocytes were increased after chlorantraniliprole treatment. These results suggest that exposure to chlorantraniliprole results in an enhanced immune response function in FAW larvae, which may be mediated by cytoskeletal changes and plasmatocyte spreading. Consequently, this study provides valuable insights into the cellular immune response of FAW larvae to insecticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyue Deng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Emeishan Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Emeishan 614200, China
| | - Liuhong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenqi Xie
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunfang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chunxian Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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3
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Zeng Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Gao W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yu H. Multi-scale characterization and analysis of cellular viscoelastic mechanical phenotypes by atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1157-1167. [PMID: 38284615 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The viscoelasticity of cells serves as a biomarker that reveals changes induced by malignant transformation, which aids the cytological examinations. However, differences in the measurement methods and parameters have prevented the consistent and effective characterization of the viscoelastic phenotype of cells. To address this issue, nanomechanical indentation experiments were conducted using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Multiple indentation methods were applied, and the indentation parameters were gradually varied to measure the viscoelasticity of normal liver cells and cancerous liver cells to create a database. This database was employed to train machine-learning algorithms in order to analyze the differences in the viscoelasticity of different types of cells and as well as to identify the optimal measurement methods and parameters. These findings indicated that the measurement speed significantly influenced viscoelasticity and that the classification difference between the two cell types was most evident at 5 μm/s. In addition, the precision and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were comparatively analyzed for various widely employed machine-learning algorithms. Unlike previous studies, this research validated the effectiveness of measurement parameters and methods with the assistance of machine-learning algorithms. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the viscoelasticity obtained from the multiparameter indentation measurement could be effectively used for cell classification. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study aimed to analyze the viscoelasticity of liver cancer cells and liver cells. Different nano-indentation methods and parameters were used to measure the viscoelasticity of the two kinds of cells. The neural network algorithm was used to reverse analyze the dataset, and the methods and parameters for accurate classification and identification of cells are successfully found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xianping Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yunqing Liu
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
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4
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Reichel F, Goswami R, Girardo S, Guck J. High-throughput viscoelastic characterization of cells in hyperbolic microchannels. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2440-2453. [PMID: 38600866 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has demonstrated the potential of cell viscoelastic properties as intrinsic indicators of cell state, functionality, and disease. For this, several microfluidic techniques have been developed to measure cell viscoelasticity with high-throughput. However, current microchannel designs introduce complex stress distributions on cells, leading to inaccuracies in determining the stress-strain relationship and, consequently, the viscoelastic properties. Here, we introduce a novel approach using hyperbolic microchannels that enable precise measurements under a constant extensional stress and offer a straightforward stress-strain relationship, while operating at a measurement rate of up to 100 cells per second. We quantified the stresses acting in the channels using mechanical calibration particles made from polyacrylamide (PAAm) and found that the measurement buffer, a solution of methyl cellulose and phosphate buffered saline, shows strain-thickening following a power law up to 200 s-1. By measuring oil droplets with varying viscosities, we successfully detected changes in the relaxation times of the droplets and our approach could be used to get the interfacial tension and viscosity of liquid-liquid droplet systems from the same measurement. We further applied this methodology to PAAm microgel beads, demonstrating the accurate recovery of Young's moduli and the near-ideal elastic behavior of the beads. To explore the influence of altered cell viscoelasticity, we treated HL60 human leukemia cells with latrunculin B and nocodazole, resulting in clear changes in cell stiffness while relaxation times were only minimally affected. In conclusion, our approach offers a streamlined and time-efficient solution for assessing the viscoelastic properties of large cell populations and other microscale soft particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Reichel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruchi Goswami
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Desroches S, Harris AR. Quantifying cytoskeletal organization from optical microscopy data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1327994. [PMID: 38234685 PMCID: PMC10792062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1327994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in a broad range of physiological processes including directing cell shape and subcellular organization, determining cell mechanical properties, and sensing and transducing mechanical forces. The versatility of the actin cytoskeleton arises from the ability of actin filaments to assemble into higher order structures through their interaction with a vast set of regulatory proteins. Actin filaments assemble into bundles, meshes, and networks, where different combinations of these structures fulfill specific functional roles. Analyzing the organization and abundance of different actin structures from optical microscopy data provides a valuable metric for assessing cell physiological function and changes associated with disease. However, quantitative measurements of the size, abundance, orientation, and distribution of different types of actin structure remains challenging both from an experimental and image analysis perspective. In this review, we summarize image analysis methods for extracting quantitative values that can be used for characterizing the organization of actin structures and provide selected examples. We summarize the potential sample types and metric reported with different approaches as a guide for selecting an image analysis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Desroches
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Harris
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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6
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Gayathri R, Suchand Sandeep CS, Vijayan C, Murukeshan VM. Random Lasing for Bimodal Imaging and Detection of Tumor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 38131763 PMCID: PMC10742073 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of light with biological tissues is an intriguing area of research that has led to the development of numerous techniques and technologies. The randomness inherent in biological tissues can trap light through multiple scattering events and provide optical feedback to generate random lasing emission. The emerging random lasing signals carry sensitive information about the scattering dynamics of the medium, which can help in identifying abnormalities in tissues, while simultaneously functioning as an illumination source for imaging. The early detection and imaging of tumor regions are crucial for the successful treatment of cancer, which is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In this paper, a bimodal spectroscopic and imaging system, capable of identifying and imaging tumor polyps as small as 1 mm2, is proposed and illustrated using a phantom sample for the early diagnosis of tumor growth. The far-field imaging capabilities of the developed system can enable non-contact in vivo inspections. The integration of random lasing principles with sensing and imaging modalities has the potential to provide an efficient, minimally invasive, and cost-effective means of early detection and treatment of various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gayathri
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
| | - C. S. Suchand Sandeep
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
| | - C. Vijayan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India;
| | - V. M. Murukeshan
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
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7
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Kaur R, Jain R, Budholiya N, Rathore AS. Long term culturing of CHO cells: phenotypic drift and quality attributes of the expressed monoclonal antibody. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:357-370. [PMID: 36707452 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Establishing cell lines with enhanced protein production requires a deep understanding of the cellular dynamics and cell line stability. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of long term culturing (LTC) on cell morphology and altered cellular functions possibly leading to phenotypic drift, impacting product yield and quality. Study highlights the orthogonal cellular and analytical assay toolbox to define cell line stability for optimal culture performance and product quality. METHODS We investigated recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expressing CHO cells for 60 passages or 180 generations and assessed the cell growth characteristics and morphology by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Quality attributes of expressed mAb is accessed by performing charge variants, glycan, and host cell protein analysis. RESULTS We observed a 1.65-fold increase in viable cell population and 1.3-fold increase in cell specific growth rate. A 2.5-fold decrease in antibody titer and abatement of actin filament indicate cellular phenotypic drift. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ΨM) signified cell health and metabolic activity during LTC. Host cell protein production is reduced by 1.8-fold. Charge heterogeneity was perturbed with 12.5% and 43% reduction in abundance of acidic and basic charge variants respectively. Glycan profile indicated a decline in fucosylation with 17% increase in galactosylated species as compared with early passaged cells. CONCLUSION LTC impinges on cellular phenotype as well as the quality of the expressed antibody, suggesting a defined subculturing limit to retain stable protein expression and cell morphology to achieve consistent product quality. Study signifies the changes in cellular and metabolic markers, suggesting cellular and analytical toolbox which could play a significant role in defining cell characteristics and ensured product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Niharika Budholiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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8
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Dabbiru VAS, Manu E, Biedenweg D, Nestler P, Pires RH, Otto O. Cell-surface contacts determine volume and mechanical properties of human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:21-33. [PMID: 36310101 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the organization of the cytoskeleton precede the escape of adherent cells from the framework of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions into suspension. With cytoskeletal dynamics being linked to cell mechanical properties, many studies elucidated this relationship under either native adherent or suspended conditions. In contrast, tethered cells that mimic the transition between both states have not been the focus of recent research. Using human embryonic kidney 293 T cells we investigated all three conditions in the light of alterations in cellular shape, volume, as well as mechanical properties and relate these findings to the level, structure, and intracellular localization of filamentous actin (F-actin). For cells adhered to a substrate, our data shows that seeding density affects cell size but does not alter their elastic properties. Removing surface contacts leads to cell stiffening that is accompanied by changes in cell shape, and a reduction in cellular volume but no alterations in F-actin density. Instead, we observe changes in the organization of F-actin indicated by the appearance of blebs in the semi-adherent state. In summary, our work reveals an interplay between molecular and mechanical alterations when cells detach from a surface that is mainly dominated by cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata A S Dabbiru
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Manu
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ricardo H Pires
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Elyasigorji Z, Mobasheri H, Dini L. Static magnetic field modulates olfactory ensheathing cell's morphology, division, and migration activities, a biophysical approach to regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:665-679. [PMID: 35470546 DOI: 10.1002/term.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been used here as a non-invasive tool to study their manipulative effects on the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) activity, growth, morphology, and migration in culture. The OECs are involved in the regeneration of primary olfactory sensory neurons and migration into the central nervous system to repair axons damaged by infection, injury, etc., that play a pivotal role in complementary regenerative medicine. Here, OECs were isolated from the olfactory bulb and cultured to confluence. An in vitro wound healing model was formed and exposed to either parallel (PaSMF) or perpendicular (PeSMF) SMF at intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mT, and cells' morphology, podia formation, proliferation, and migration were studied by time-lapse recording. The SMFs were not cytotoxic at the intensity and exposure time applied here. The exposure of cells to 70 mT PaSMF and PeSMF increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, cell migration speed, and direction of the scratch forefront cells, significantly. Treatment of cells with 70 mT PaSMF and PeSMF increased cell divisions, while 30 mT PaSMF decreased it. SMF effects on OECs division, motility, migratory direction, and velocity indicate its effect on various aspects of cell physiology and signaling at atomic and molecular levels, and have a role in tissue regeneration that involves microtubules and actin filaments formation and rearrangements. Thus, the exposure of OECs with moderate SMF might be considered a promising noninvasive approach to remotely manipulate normal and stem cell activities for therapeutic regenerative purposes in various tissues including the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Elyasigorji
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Human and Animal Cell Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomaterials of University of Tehran and Tehran University of Medical Science (IBUTUM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Giergiel M, Zapotoczny B, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Konior J, Szymonski M. AFM image analysis of porous structures by means of neural networks. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Banerjee A, Khan MP, Barui A, Datta P, Chowdhury AR, Bhowmik K. Finite element analysis of the influence of cyclic strain on cells anchored to substrates with varying properties. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 60:171-187. [PMID: 34782982 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The response of cytoskeleton to mechanical cues plays a pivotal role in understanding several aspects of cellular growth, migration, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions under normal and diseased conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) has become a powerful computational technique to study the response of cytoskeleton in the maintenance of overall cellular mechanics. With the revelation of role of external mechanical microenvironment on cell mechanics, FEA models have also been developed to simulate the effect of substrate stiffness on the mechanical properties of cancer cells. However, the models developed so far model cellular response under static mode, whereas in physiological condition, cells always experience dynamic loading conditions. To develop a more accurate model of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, this paper models the cytoskeleton and other parts of the cell by beam and solid elements respectively, assuming spherical morphology of the cell. The stiffness and roughness of extracellular matrix were varied. Furthermore, static and dynamic sinusoidal loads were applied through a flat plate indenter on the cell along with providing sinusoidal strain at the substrate. It is observed that due to axial loading, cell reaches a plastic region, and when the sinusoidal loading is added to the axial load, the cell experiences permanent deformation. Degradation of the cytoskeleton elements and a physiologically more relevant spherical cap shape of the cell were also considered during the analysis. This study suggests that asperity topology of the substrate and indirect cyclic load can play a significant role in the shape alterations and motion of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinaba Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Mohammed Parvez Khan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India. .,Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India.
| | - Krishnendu Bhowmik
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
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12
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Pulling the springs of a cell by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:77-87. [PMID: 33284963 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental unit of the human body comprises of the cells which remain embedded in a fibrillar network of extracellular matrix proteins which in turn provides necessary anchorage the cells. Tissue repair, regeneration and reprogramming predominantly involve a traction force mediated signalling originating in the ECM and travelling deep into the cell including the nucleus via circuitry of spring-like filamentous proteins like microfilaments or actin, intermediate filaments and microtubules to elicit a response in the form of mechanical movement as well as biochemical changes. The 'springiness' of these proteins is highlighted in their extension-contraction behaviour which is manifested as an effect of differential traction force. Atomic force microscope (AFM) provides the magic eye to visualize and quantify such force-extension/indentation events in these filamentous proteins as well as in whole cells. In this review, we have presented a summary of the current understanding and advancement of such measurements by AFM based single-molecule force spectroscopy in the context of cytoskeletal and nucleoskeletal proteins which act in tandem to facilitate mechanotransduction.
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Runel G, Lopez-Ramirez N, Chlasta J, Masse I. Biomechanical Properties of Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040887. [PMID: 33924659 PMCID: PMC8069788 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the crucial role of the microenvironment has been highlighted, many studies have been focused on the role of biomechanics in cancer cell growth and the invasion of the surrounding environment. Despite the search in recent years for molecular biomarkers to try to classify and stratify cancers, much effort needs to be made to take account of morphological and nanomechanical parameters that could provide supplementary information concerning tissue complexity adaptation during cancer development. The biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix have actually been proposed as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present review first describes the main methods used to study the mechanical properties of cancer cells. Then, we address the nanomechanical description of cultured cancer cells and the crucial role of the cytoskeleton for biomechanics linked with cell morphology. Finally, we depict how studying interaction of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment is crucial to integrating biomechanical properties in our understanding of tumor growth and local invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Runel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSREM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- BioMeca, F-69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Noémie Lopez-Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSREM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | | | - Ingrid Masse
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSREM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Kubiak A, Zieliński T, Pabijan J, Lekka M. Nanomechanics in Monitoring the Effectiveness of Drugs Targeting the Cancer Cell Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8786. [PMID: 33233645 PMCID: PMC7699791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is devoted to the use of nanomechanics as a marker of various pathologies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is one of the techniques that could be applied to quantify the nanomechanical properties of living cells with a high spatial resolution. Thus, AFM offers the possibility to trace changes in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton in living cells. Impairments in the structure, organization, and functioning of two main cytoskeletal components, namely, actin filaments and microtubules, cause severe effects, leading to cell death. That is why these cytoskeletal components are targets for antitumor therapy. This review intends to describe the gathered knowledge on the capability of AFM to trace the alterations in the nanomechanical properties of living cells induced by the action of antitumor drugs that could translate into their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (T.Z.); (J.P.)
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Editorial of Special Issue "Frontiers in the Actin Cytoskeleton". Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113945. [PMID: 32486337 PMCID: PMC7312890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is of fundamental importance for eukaryotic cell homeostasis [...].
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