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Li S, Wang A, Wu Y, He S, Shuai W, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Hu X, Luo Y, Wang G. Targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: New insights into regulated cell death combined with immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:300-334. [PMID: 37688394 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a high rate of metastatic spread and drug resistance, is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Therefore, NSCLC patients have a very poor prognosis and a very low chance of survival. Human cancers are closely linked to regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Currently, small-molecule compounds targeting various types of RCD have shown potential as anticancer treatments. Moreover, RCD appears to be a specific part of the antitumor immune response; hence, the combination of RCD and immunotherapy might increase the inhibitory effect of therapy on tumor growth. In this review, we summarize small-molecule compounds used for the treatment of NSCLC by focusing on RCD and pharmacological systems. In addition, we describe the current research status of an immunotherapy combined with an RCD-based regimen for NSCLC, providing new ideas for targeting RCD pathways in combination with immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyuan He
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zentar H, Jannus F, Medina-O’Donnell M, El Mansouri AE, Fernández A, Justicia J, Alvarez-Manzaneda E, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Chahboun R. Synthesis of Tricyclic Pterolobirin H Analogue: Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Molecular Docking Investigations. Molecules 2023; 28:6208. [PMID: 37687037 PMCID: PMC10489156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterolobirin H (3), a cassane diterpene isolated from the roots of Pterolobium macropterum, exhibits important anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its relatively complex tetracyclic structure makes it difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis, thus limiting the studies of its biological activities. Therefore, we present here a short route to obtain a rational simplification of pterolobirin H (3) and some intermediates. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. All compounds showed potent inhibition of NO production, with percentages between 54 to 100% at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. The highest anti-inflammatory effect was shown for compounds 15 and 16. The simplified analog 16 revealed potential NO inhibition properties, being 2.34 higher than that of natural cassane pterolobirin H (3). On the other hand, hydroxyphenol 15 was also demonstrated to be the strongest NO inhibitor in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 NO = 0.62 ± 0.21 μg/mL), with an IC50NO value 28.3 times lower than that of pterolobirin H (3). Moreover, the anticancer potential of these compounds was evaluated in three cancer cell lines: HT29 colon cancer cells, Hep-G2 hepatoma cells, and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Intermediate 15 was the most active against all the selected tumor cell lines. Compound 15 revealed the highest cytotoxic effect with the lowest IC50 value (IC50 = 2.45 ± 0.29 μg/mL in HT29 cells) and displayed an important apoptotic effect through an extrinsic pathway, as evidenced in the flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the Hoechst staining assay showed that analog 15 triggered morphological changes, including nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, in treated HT29 cells. Finally, the in silico studies demonstrated that cassane analogs exhibit promising binding affinities and docking performance with iNOS and caspase 8, which confirms the obtained experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Zentar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Fatin Jannus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Az-eddine El Mansouri
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - José Justicia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Wu JH, Ren Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yu H. Targeting regulated cell death with plant natural compounds for cancer therapy: A revisited review of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1488-1525. [PMID: 36717200 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to programmed cell death regulated by various protein molecules, such as apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that RCD subroutines have several links to many types of human cancer; therefore, targeting RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, plant natural compounds, small-molecule compounds synthesized from plant sources, and their derivatives have been widely reported to regulate different RCD subroutines to improve potential cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on updating the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss several representative plant natural compounds and their derivatives that regulate the above-mentioned three subroutines of RCD, and their potential as candidate small-molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueting Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Ma L, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang H, Jia Y, Liu J. DP from Euphorbia fischeriana S. mediated apoptosis in leukemia cells via the PI3k/Akt signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113889. [PMID: 33524514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia fischeriana S. (E. fischeriana) is a classic Chinese herb with toxicity that is mainly used for cancer treatment and in insect repellent, anti-inflammatory and anti-edema applications (Liu et al., 2001). 12-Deoxyphorbol13-palmitate (DP), a tetracyclic diterpene monomer compound, was extracted from the roots of E. fischeriana by our research groups. AIM Previous studies found that DP could inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism of DP in leukemia is unknown. Hence, DP's pharmacological effect on leukemia cells was investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS DP was obtained from the Natural Medicine Chemistry Laboratory of Qiqihaer Medical University. In vitro, K562 cells and HL60 cells were incubated with DP or DP combined with LY294002 at different concentrations. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by the relevant experimental methods. In vivo, nude mouse xenograft models were established by injecting K562 cells. DP was intraperitoneally administered to observe the influence on the growth of transplanted tumors. Gene detection and immunoblot analysis were performed to validate the mechanisms. RESULTS The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay proved that DP inhibited the growth of K562 and HL60 cells in a time- or dose-dependent manner. At 12 h, DP could induce apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) dual labeling, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation in K562 or HL60 cells. Furthermore, in an assay of gene and protein expression, we found that DP could downregulate the gene and protein expression levels of Bcl-2, upregulate the gene and protein expression levels of Bax and Bim, and downregulate the protein expression levels of PI3k, p-Akt, and p-FoxO3a. Moreover, the effects of DP on proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells were enhanced by LY294002. Then, we tested the antitumor effects of DP in vivo. Nude mouse xenograft models were established by subcutaneously injecting K562 cells. We found that tumor volume was significantly decreased in DP-treated xenograft nude mice. Morphologic changes, apoptosis degree, and related gene and protein expression levels in transplanted tumor tissue of DP-treated nude mice were assessed by different experimental methods. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo and in vitro experimental results indicated that DP might inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of leukemia cells, which might be a result of suppressing the PI3k/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ma
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, China
| | - Yongming Jia
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer, China.
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Wang W, Chen Z, Chen X, Ni S, Jia Y, Fan L, Ma L. DG-8d, a novel diosgenin derivative, decreases the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Steroids 2021; 174:108898. [PMID: 34339756 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung neoplasm has a relatively poor prognosis, and the clinical efficacy of targeted medicine remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of novel efficient anti-lung cancer drugs is urgently needed. In our previous study, we showed that a novel diosgenin derivative 8d (DG-8d), which contained 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety, had significant cytotoxic activity on human tumor cells, especially the A549 cells. However, the underlying mechanism of DG-8d was unknown. In this study, the pharmacological effect of DG-8d on the A549 cells was inspected. METHOD Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assays, morphological changes and quantitative analysis of flow cytometry. Levels of gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related and PI3k/Akt pathway were evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analysis. RESULT The findings proved that DG-8d could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The effect of DG-8d on the proliferation and apoptosis in the A549 cells were improved with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, the effect of DG-8d on apoptosis was further confirmed by AO-EB dye, mitochondrial depolarization and accrued intracellular ROS. Gene and protein detection showed that DG-8d or DG-8d combined with LY294002 could down-regulate signaling molecules of Bcl-2, PI3k, p-Akt, p-FoxO3a and up-regulate signaling molecules of Bax snd Bim. In addition, nuclear translocation of FoxO3a was observed significantly in the cells. CONCLUSION DG-8d could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the A549 cells, which maybe mainly because of the suppression of the PI3k/Akt pathways. Finally, we believe that DG-8d can be developed as a possible agent for carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Shiyu Ni
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163001, China
| | - Yongming Jia
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Li Fan
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China.
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Park J, Yoo HJ, Yu AR, Kim HO, Park SC, Jang YP, Lee C, Choe W, Kim SS, Kang I, Yoon KS. Non-Polar Myxococcus fulvus KYC4048 Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects via Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:540-549. [PMID: 33746192 PMCID: PMC9705865 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2012.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer and Myxococcus fulvus KYC4048 is a myxobacterial strain that can produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although a previous study revealed that KYC4048 metabolites exhibit anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer, the biochemical mechanism involved in their effects remains unclear. In the present study, KYC4048 metabolites were separated into polar and non-polar (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) fractions via liquid-liquid extraction. The effects of these polar and non-polar KYC4048 metabolites on the viability of breast cancer cells were then determined by MTT assay. Expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results revealed that non-polar KYC4048 metabolites induced cell death of breast cancer cells and decreased expression levels of WNT2B, β-catenin, and Wnt target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1). Moreover, the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites was found most effective in inducing apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, leading us to conclude that it can induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide evidence that the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ran Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chayul Lee
- Lifetogether Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-961-0388 Fax: +82-2-965-6349 E-mail:
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Cassaine Diterpenoid Amide from Stem Bark of Erythrophleum fordii Suppresses Cytotoxic and Induces Apoptosis of Human Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143304. [PMID: 32708204 PMCID: PMC7397343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassaine diterpenoids amides from the stem bark of Vietnamese Erythrophleum fordii Oliver were screened for their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. The cell proliferation assay results showed that, among the active compounds, 3β-acetyl-nor-erythrophlamide (3AEP) exhibited the most potential cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 and KG cells with IC50 values of 12.0 ± 1.2 and 18.1 ± 2.7 µM, respectively. Treatment of 3AEP resulted in the apoptosis of HL-60 cells via the activation of caspase 3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Molecular docking in silico results showed that the 3AEP can bind to both the procaspase-3 allosteric site and the PARP-1 active site, with binding energies of −7.51 and −9.63 kcal/mol respectively. These results indicated that the stem bark of Vietnamese E. fordii and its cassaine diterpenoid amides may be useful in the apoptosis induction of human leukemia cancer cells.
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