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Stergiopoulos GM, Concilio SC, Galanis E. An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:952-991. [PMID: 38896326 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Malignant gliomas are common central nervous system tumors that pose a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade 4 malignant glioma, is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Current clinical trials are exploring various strategies to combat GBM, with oncolytic viruses (OVs) appearing particularly promising. In addition to ongoing and recently completed clinical trials, one OV (Teserpaturev, Delytact®) received provisional approval for GBM treatment in Japan. OVs are designed to selectively target and eliminate cancer cells while promoting changes in the tumor microenvironment that can trigger and support long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. OVs offer the potential to remodel the tumor microenvironment and reverse systemic immune exhaustion. Additionally, an increasing number of OVs are armed with immunomodulatory payloads or combined with immunotherapy approaches in an effort to promote anti-tumor responses in a tumor-targeted manner. Recently completed oncolytic virotherapy trials can guide the way for future treatment individualization through patient preselection, enhancing the likelihood of achieving the highest possible clinical success. These trials also offer valuable insight into the numerous challenges inherent in malignant glioma treatment, some of which OVs can help overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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2
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Khameneh SC, Razi S, Lashanizadegan R, Akbari S, Sayaf M, Haghani K, Bakhtiyari S. MicroRNA-mediated metabolic regulation of immune cells in cancer: an updated review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1424909. [PMID: 39007129 PMCID: PMC11239499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1424909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of immunometabolism, which examines how immune cells regulate their metabolism to maintain optimal performance, has become an important area of focus in cancer immunology. Recent advancements in this field have highlighted the intricate connection between metabolism and immune cell function, emphasizing the need for further research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention for their ability to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and impact various biological processes, including immune function and cancer progression. While the role of miRNAs in immunometabolism is still being explored, recent studies have demonstrated their significant influence on the metabolic activity of immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, particularly in cancer contexts. Disrupted immune cell metabolism is a hallmark of cancer progression, and miRNAs have been linked to this process. Understanding the precise impact of miRNAs on immune cell metabolism in cancer is essential for the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. Targeting miRNAs may hold potential for creating groundbreaking cancer immunotherapies to reshape the tumor environment and improve treatment outcomes. In summary, the recognition of miRNAs as key regulators of immune cell metabolism across various cancers offers promising potential for refining cancer immunotherapies. Further investigation into how miRNAs affect immune cell metabolism could identify novel therapeutic targets and lead to the development of innovative cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Razi
- Vira Ideators of Modern Science, Tehran, Iran
- Vira Pioneers of Modern Science (VIPOMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Masoud Sayaf
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karimeh Haghani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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He J, Xiong J, Huang Y. miR-29 as diagnostic biomarkers for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384510. [PMID: 38807999 PMCID: PMC11130415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The timely diagnosis of tuberculosis through innovative biomarkers that do not rely on sputum samples is a primary focus for strategies aimed at eradicating tuberculosis. miR-29 is an important regulator of tuberculosis pathogenesis. Its differential expression pattern in healthy, latent, and active people who develop tuberculosis has revealed its potential as a biomarker in recent studies. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for the role of miR-29 in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Methods EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched utilizing predefined keywords for literature published from 2000 to February 2024.Included in the analysis were studies reporting on the accuracy of miR-29 in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, while articles assessing other small RNAs were not considered. All types of study designs, including case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies, were included, whether prospectively or retrospectively sampled, and the quality of included studies was determined utilizing the QUADAS-2 tool. Publication bias was analyzed via the construction of funnel plots. Heterogeneity among studies and summary results for specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) are depicted in forest plots. Results A total of 227 studies were acquired from the various databases, and 18 articles were selected for quantitative analysis. These articles encompassed a total of 2,825 subjects, primarily sourced from the Asian region. Patient specimens, including sputum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cerebrospinal fluid and serum/plasma samples, were collected upon admission and during hospitalization for tuberculosis testing. miR-29a had an overall sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 77, 85%) and an overall specificity of 82% (95% CI 78, 86%) for detecting tuberculosis. DOR was 21 (95% CI 16-28), and the area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86, 0.91). miR-29a had slightly different diagnostic efficacy in different specimens. miR-29a showed good performance in both the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. miR-29b and miR-29c also had a good performance in diagnosis of tuberculosis. Conclusion As can be seen from the diagnostic performance of miR-29, miR-29 can be used as a potential biomarker for the rapid detection of tuberculosis. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=461107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Subaiea GM, Syed RU, Afsar S, Alhaidan TMS, Alzammay SA, Alrashidi AA, Alrowaili SF, Alshelaly DA, Alenezi AMSRA. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and multidrug resistance in glioblastoma: Therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155022. [PMID: 38086292 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized as pivotal regulators of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene modulation, exerting a profound influence on a diverse array of biological and pathological cascades, including the intricate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the acquisition of drug resistance in neoplastic cells. Glioblastoma (GBM), recognized as the foremost and most aggressive neoplasm originating in the brain, is distinguished by its formidable resistance to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Recent years have witnessed an escalating interest in comprehending the involvement of ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs, in GBM chemoresistance. LncRNAs, a subclass of ncRNAs, have been demonstrated as dynamic modulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Disruption in the regulation of lncRNAs has been observed across various human malignancies, including GBM, and has been linked with developing multidrug resistance (MDR) against standard chemotherapeutic agents. The potential of targeting specific ncRNAs or their downstream effectors to surmount chemoresistance is also critically evaluated, specifically focusing on ongoing preclinical and clinical investigations exploring ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Nonetheless, targeting lncRNAs for therapeutic objectives presents hurdles, including overcoming the blood-brain barrier and the brief lifespan of oligonucleotide RNA molecules. Understanding the complex relationship between ncRNAs and the chemoresistance characteristic in glioblastoma provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms. It opens the path for the progression of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches to counter the therapeutic challenges posed by this aggressive brain tumor. This comprehensive review highlights the complex functions of diverse ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, in mediating glioblastoma's chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Mohammed Subaiea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Afsar
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India.
| | | | - Seham Ahmed Alzammay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Mahinfar P, Mansoori B, Rostamzadeh D, Baradaran B, Cho WC, Mansoori B. The Role of microRNAs in Multidrug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3217. [PMID: 35804989 PMCID: PMC9265057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that develops from neuroglial stem cells and represents a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These tumors are predominantly correlated with a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life. In spite of major advances in developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma, multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered to be the major reason for treatment failure. Several mechanisms contribute to MDR in GBM, including upregulation of MDR transporters, alterations in the metabolism of drugs, dysregulation of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs that participate in various cell events, including the mechanisms causing MDR in glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the underlying mechanisms in MDR glioblastoma which will open up new avenues of inquiry for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mahinfar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Behnaz Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 175-14115, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran;
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Litak J, Grajkowska W, Bogucki J, Kowalczyk P, Petniak A, Podkowiński A, Szumiło J, Kocki J, Roliński J, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Roszkowski M, Grochowski C. PD-L1/miR-155 Interplay in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030324. [PMID: 35326280 PMCID: PMC8946275 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade pediatric glioma (p-HGG—WHO 2021, formerly GBM—WHO 2016), as a common, aggressive, and highly lethal primary brain malignancy in adults, accounts for only 3–15% of primary brain tumors in pediatric patients. After leukemia, brain malignancies are the second most common in the pediatric population and first in incidences concerning solid tumors. This study was designed on the basis of 14 pediatric patients hospitalized at Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland, due to p-HGG treatment. All the patients had a histopathological diagnosis performed by an experienced neuropathologist according to WHO guidelines (WHO 2016 Grade IV Glioblastoma). A significant correlation was found between the miR-155 concentration and the level of PD-L1 expression in p-HGG tumor tissue. Very few reports have indicated PD-L1 expression in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Alicja Petniak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.K.)
| | | | - Justyna Szumiło
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | | | - Marcin Roszkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cao B, Hu D, Jia J, Wang Y, Chen L, Li J, Liu H, Tang H. LINC00467 facilitates the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma via promoting the expression of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 by binding to miR-339-3p. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3370-3382. [PMID: 35156508 PMCID: PMC8973818 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2018098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies indicate that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00467 can act as an oncogene to participate in the malignant progression of glioma, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be studied further. This study aimed to explore the biological role of the LINC00467/miR-339-3p/ inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 (IP6K2) regulatory axis in glioma. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine databases and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) were used to analyze IP6K2 expression in glioma. RT-PCR, EdU and transwell assays were conducted to observe the effect of IP6K2 on glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Using bioinformatics analysis, RT-PCR, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay, the potential role of the LINC00467/miR-339-3p/IP6K2 regulatory axis in glioma was verified. The results showed that IP6K2 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the expression level of IP6K2 was correlated with the clinical features of glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that IP6K2 overexpression could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Further bioinformatics analysis and in vitro assays revealed that LINC00467 could promote IP6K2 expression by binding to miR-339-3p and promote the malignant progression of glioma. Overall, LINC00467 could upregulate IP6K2 by binding to miR-339-3p and promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. The LINC00467/miR-339-3p/IP6K2 regulatory axis might be a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Boqiang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Daling Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junli Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
| | - Luyao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
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8
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Li Y, Sharma A, Maciaczyk J, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031311. [PMID: 35163235 PMCID: PMC8835986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-2871-7050
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9
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Cui K, Chen JH, Zou YF, Zhang SY, Wu B, Jing K, Li LW, Xia L, Sun C, Dong YL. Hub biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma based on microarray technology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:1533033821990368. [PMID: 34018447 PMCID: PMC8142016 DOI: 10.1177/1533033821990368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common clinical intracranial malignancy worldwide, and the most common supratentorial tumor in adults. GBM mainly causes damage to the brain tissue, which can be fatal. This research explored potential gene targets for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM using bioinformatic technology. METHODS Public data from patients with GBM and controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Gene Expression Omnibus 2R (GEO2R). Construction of the protein-protein interaction network and the identification of a significant module were performed. Subsequently, hub genes were identified, and their expression was examined and compared by real-time quantitative (RT-q)PCR between patients with GBM and controls. RESULTS GSE122498 (GPL570 platform), GSE104291 (GPL570 platform), GSE78703_DMSO (GPL15207 platform), and GSE78703_LXR (GPL15207 platform) datasets were obtained from the GEO. A total of 130 DEGs and 10 hub genes were identified by GEPIA and GEO2R between patients with GBM and controls. Of these, strong connections were identified in correlation analysis between CCNB1, CDC6, KIF23, and KIF20A. RT-qPCR showed that all 4 of these genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in patients with GBM compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The hub genes CCNB1, CDC6, KIF23, and KIF20A are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Fan Zou
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jing
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Weng Li
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xia
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixing Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lan Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Liu X, Yang C, Xie D. Gain of circBRAF Represses Glioma Progression by Regulating miR-1290/FBXW7 Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1203-1213. [PMID: 33650075 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to partake in the modulation of the glioma progression. Here, we intended to explore the role of circBRAF in glioma and the possible action mechanism. The expression levels of circBRAF, microRNA (miR)-1290 and F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated through Trans-well assay. Related protein levels were detected by western blot. Targeted relation among circBRAF, miR-1290 and FBXW7 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays. Xenograft model was constructed to explore the function of circBRAF in vivo. Expression of circBRAF and FBXW7 was decreased in glioma tissues and cells. Upregulation of circBRAF inhibited glioma cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro. MiR-1290 was upregulated in glioma, which was sponged by circBRAF. Besides, circBRAF elevated FBXW7 expression by targeting miR-1290. Introduction of miR-1290 or FBXW7 knockdown could counteract the inhibitory effects of circBRAF upregulation on the malignant phenotypes of glioma cells. Overexpression of circBRAF repressed the tumor growth in vivo. Upregulation of circBRAF suppressed glioma evolvement in vitro and in vivo by regulating miR-1290/FBXW7 axis, broadening the cognition of glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Donggen Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, No. 116, Shenglixi Road, Yingtan, 335000, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Wei Z, Liu J, Xie H, Wang B, Wu J, Zhu Z. MiR-122-5p Mitigates Inflammation, Reactive Oxygen Species and SH-SY5Y Apoptosis by Targeting CPEB1 After Spinal Cord Injury Via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:992-1005. [PMID: 33528808 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a threatening disease that lead to severe motor and sensory deficits. Previous research has revealed that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. However, whether miR-122-5p was involved in SCI was rarely investigated. In our study, we intended to probe role of miR-122-5p in the regulation of inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SH-SY5Y apoptosis. We found miR-122-5p was downregulated in SCI mouse model and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, miR-122-5p overexpression alleviated inflammatory response, ROS and SH-SY5Y apoptosis in SCI mice. In addition, miR-122-5p elevation also mitigated SCI in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) was verified to be a target of miR-122-5p. CPEB1 expression was upregulated in SCI mouse model and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. CPEB1 expression was negatively related to miR-122-5p expression. Moreover, CPEB1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, CPEB1 elevation recovered the suppressive effect on inflammatory response, ROS and SH-SY5Y apoptosis in LPS-treated SH-SY5Y cells mediated by miR-122-5p upregulation and through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Litak J, Grajkowska W, Szumiło J, Krukow P, Maciejewski R, Roliński J, Grochowski C. PD-L1 Expression Correlated with p53 Expression in Pediatric Glioblastoma Multiforme. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020262. [PMID: 33669639 PMCID: PMC7923158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are infrequent in the pediatric population compared to adults, nevertheless, mortality and morbidity caused by malignant gliomas in this group of patients remain significant. PD-L1 and PD-1 Immune checkpoints (IC) molecules maintain immunological balance between activation and suppression. Eighteen patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO IV) were studied. In total, PD-L1 expression was detected in 8 patients (44%). The molecular aspect of IC and immunotherapy targeted on PD-1/PD-L1 axis in pediatric population may be a promising adjuvant therapy in pediatric glioblastoma multiform treatment, however, this subject requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Szumiło
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (C.G.)
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13
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Plasma miR-9-3p and miR-136-3p as Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Experimental and Human Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041563. [PMID: 33557217 PMCID: PMC7913923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive, affordable circulating biomarkers for difficult-to-diagnose mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are an unmet medical need. Although blood microRNA (miRNA) levels are reportedly altered after traumatic brain injury (TBI), their diagnostic potential for mTBI remains inconclusive. We hypothesized that acutely altered plasma miRNAs could serve as diagnostic biomarkers both in the lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model and clinical mTBI. We performed plasma small RNA-sequencing from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 31) at 2 days post-TBI, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based validation of selected candidates. miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-434-3p were identified as the most promising candidates at 2 days after lateral FPI. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) revealed 4.2-, 2.8-, and 4.6-fold elevations in miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-434-3p levels (p < 0.01 for all), respectively, distinguishing rats with mTBI from naïve rats with 100% sensitivity and specificity. DdPCR further identified a subpopulation of mTBI patients with plasma miR-9-3p (n = 7/15) and miR-136-3p (n = 5/15) levels higher than one standard deviation above the control mean at <2 days postinjury. In sTBI patients, plasma miR-9-3p levels were 6.5- and 9.2-fold in comparison to the mTBI and control groups, respectively. Thus, plasma miR-9-3p and miR-136-3p were identified as promising biomarker candidates for mTBI requiring further evaluation in a larger patient population.
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14
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Gnanavel M, Murugesan A, Konda Mani S, Yli-Harja O, Kandhavelu M. Identifying the miRNA Signature Association with Aging-Related Senescence in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020517. [PMID: 33419230 PMCID: PMC7825621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and its malignant phenotypic characteristics are classified as grade IV tumors. Molecular interactions, such as protein–protein, protein–ncRNA, and protein–peptide interactions are crucial to transfer the signaling communications in cellular signaling pathways. Evidences suggest that signaling pathways of stem cells are also activated, which helps the propagation of GBM. Hence, it is important to identify a common signaling pathway that could be visible from multiple GBM gene expression data. microRNA signaling is considered important in GBM signaling, which needs further validation. We performed a high-throughput analysis using micro array expression profiles from 574 samples to explore the role of non-coding RNAs in the disease progression and unique signaling communication in GBM. A series of computational methods involving miRNA expression, gene ontology (GO) based gene enrichment, pathway mapping, and annotation from metabolic pathways databases, and network analysis were used for the analysis. Our study revealed the physiological roles of many known and novel miRNAs in cancer signaling, especially concerning signaling in cancer progression and proliferation. Overall, the results revealed a strong connection with stress induced senescence, significant miRNA targets for cell cycle arrest, and many common signaling pathways to GBM in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutharasu Gnanavel
- BioMediTech Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, ArvoYlpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.G.); (A.M.); (O.Y.-H.)
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- BioMediTech Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, ArvoYlpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.G.); (A.M.); (O.Y.-H.)
- Molecular Signalling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai 625002, India
| | - Saravanan Konda Mani
- Center for High Performance Computing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- BioMediTech Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, ArvoYlpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.G.); (A.M.); (O.Y.-H.)
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- BioMediTech Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, ArvoYlpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.G.); (A.M.); (O.Y.-H.)
- Molecular Signalling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, ArvoYlpönkatu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Khaddour K, Johanns TM, Ansstas G. The Landscape of Novel Therapeutics and Challenges in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Contemporary State and Future Directions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E389. [PMID: 33202642 PMCID: PMC7696377 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant intracranial neoplasm that constitutes a therapeutic challenge because of the associated high morbidity and mortality given the lack of effective approved medication and aggressive nature of the tumor. However, there has been extensive research recently to address the reasons implicated in the resistant nature of the tumor to pharmaceutical compounds, which have resulted in several clinical trials investigating promising treatment approaches. METHODS We reviewed literature published since 2010 from PUBMED and several annual meeting abstracts through 15 September 2020. Selected articles included those relevant to topics of glioblastoma tumor biology, original basic research, clinical trials, seminal reviews, and meta-analyses. We provide a discussion based on the collected evidence regarding the challenging factors encountered during treatment, and we highlighted the relevant trials of novel therapies including immunotherapy and targeted medication. RESULTS Selected literature revealed four main factors implicated in the low efficacy encountered with investigational treatments which included: (1) blood-brain barrier; (2) immunosuppressive microenvironment; (3) genetic heterogeneity; (4) external factors related to previous systemic treatment that can modulate tumor microenvironment. Investigational therapies discussed in this review were classified as immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Immunotherapy included: (1) immune checkpoint inhibitors; (2) adoptive cell transfer therapy; (3) therapeutic vaccines; (4) oncolytic virus therapy. Targeted therapy included tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other receptor inhibitors. Finally, we provide our perspective on future directions in treatment of glioblastoma. CONCLUSION Despite the limited success in development of effective therapeutics in glioblastoma, many treatment approaches hold potential promise including immunotherapy and novel combinational drugs. Addressing the molecular landscape and resistant immunosuppressive nature of glioblastoma are imperative in further development of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Khaddour
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Tanner M. Johanns
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - George Ansstas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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16
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Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100434. [PMID: 33086722 PMCID: PMC7590133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a xanthophyll carotenoid known to have potent anti-cancer effects via upregulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which triggers apoptosis of cancer cells. While several studies have shown that AXT has potential as an anti-cancer drug, its effects in glioblastoma multiforme cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AXT in the astroglioma cell lines U251-MG, T98G, and CRT-MG. We found that the response to AXT varied between cell lines. Moreover, U251-MG cells showed a specific hormetic response to AXT. At high concentrations (20–40 μM), AXT triggered apoptosis in U251-MG cells, as it has been previously shown in other cancer cell lines. However, low concentrations (4–8 μM) of AXT were found to upregulate the proliferative cell cycle. Furthermore, at low concentrations, AXT did not affect the intracellular ROS levels, while the superoxide dismutase activity increased moderately. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with a low concentration of AXT upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 and p-Cdk2/3 levels and downregulated the expression of tumor protein p53. Thus, our results showed that AXT has a hormetic effect in the astroglioma cell line U251-MG.
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17
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LncRNA PCAT6 Regulated by YY1 Accelerates the Progression of Glioblastoma via miR-513/IGF2BP1. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2894-2902. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Anderson G. Glioblastoma chemoresistance: roles of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:334-355. [PMID: 35582450 PMCID: PMC8992488 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistance is common in glioblastoma (GBM) and the glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) from which they arise. Current treatment options are generally regarded as very poor and this arises from a poor conceptualization of the biological underpinnings of GBM/GSC and of the plasticity that these cells are capable of utilizing in response to different treatments. A number of studies indicate melatonin to have utility in the management of GBM/GSC, both per se and when adjunctive to chemotherapy. Recent work shows melatonin to be produced in mitochondria, with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway proposed to be a crucial factor in driving the wide array of changes in intra- and inter-cellular processes, as well as receptors that can be evident in the cells of the GBM/GSC microenvironment. Variations in the enzymatic conversion of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) to melatonin may be especially important in GSC, as NAS can activate the tyrosine receptor kinase B to increase GSC survival and proliferation. Consequently, variations in the NAS/melatonin ratio may have contrasting effects on GBM/GSC survival. It is proposed that mitochondrial communication across cell types in the tumour microenvironment is strongly driven by the need to carefully control the mitochondrial melatonergic pathways across cell types, with a number of intra- and inter-cellular processes occurring as a consequence of the need to carefully regulate the NAS/melatonin ratio. This better integrates previously disparate data on GBM/GSC as well as providing clear future research and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PG, UK
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19
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Litak J, Grochowski C, Litak J, Osuchowska I, Gosik K, Radzikowska E, Kamieniak P, Rolinski J. TLR-4 Signaling vs. Immune Checkpoints, miRNAs Molecules, Cancer Stem Cells, and Wingless-Signaling Interplay in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093114. [PMID: 32354122 PMCID: PMC7247696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like-receptor (TLR) family members were detected in the central nervous system (CNS). TLR occurrence was noticed and widely described in glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) cells. After ligand attachment, TLR-4 reorients domains and dimerizes, activates an intracellular cascade, and promotes further cytoplasmatic signaling. There is evidence pointing at a strong relation between TLR-4 signaling and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression. The TLR-4/miRNA interplay changes typical signaling and encourages them to be a target for modern immunotherapy. TLR-4 agonists initiate signaling and promote programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1L) expression. Most of those molecules are intensively expressed in the GBM microenvironment, resulting in the autocrine induction of regional immunosuppression. Another potential target for immunotreatment is connected with limited TLR-4 signaling that promotes Wnt/DKK-3/claudine-5 signaling, resulting in a limitation of GBM invasiveness. Interestingly, TLR-4 expression results in bordering proliferative trends in cancer stem cells (CSC) and GBM. All of these potential targets could bring new hope for patients suffering from this incurable disease. Clinical trials concerning TLR-4 signaling inhibition/promotion in many cancers are recruiting patients. There is still a lot to do in the field of GBM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John‘s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gosik
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Recent Trends of microRNA Significance in Pediatric Population Glioblastoma and Current Knowledge of Micro RNA Function in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093046. [PMID: 32349263 PMCID: PMC7246719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are a significant problem for modern medicine because of their location. The explanation of the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the development of cancerous changes plays an important role in this respect. The first papers describing the presence of miRNA were published in the 1990s. The role of miRNA has been pointed out in many medical conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, arthritis and cancer. There are several miRNAs responsible for invasiveness, apoptosis, resistance to treatment, angiogenesis, proliferation and immunology, and many others. The research conducted in recent years analyzing this group of tumors has shown the important role of miRNA in the course of gliomagenesis. These particles seem to participate in many stages of the development of cancer processes, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of apoptosis or cell resistance to cytostatics.
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