1
|
Sui Z, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhou H, Liu C, Mai K, He G. Effects of dietary chloroquine on fish growth, hepatic intermediary metabolism, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in turbot. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109068. [PMID: 37699494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digestion process and is essential for individual growth, cellular metabolism and inflammatory responses. It was responsive to starvation, pathogens infection and environmental stress. However, the information on the regulation of autophagy in fish hepatic intermediary metabolism, antioxidant system, and immune responses were limited. In the present study, turbot with inhibited autophagy flux was built by dietary chloroquine. The hepatic metabolic response, antioxidant enzymes and immune responses were explored. Results showed that dietary chloroquine induced the expression of Beclin 1, SQSTM and LC-3II, and effectively inhibited autophagy flux. Autophagy dysfunction depressed fish growth and feed utilization, while it induced clusters of liver lipid droplets. The genes involved in lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as the lipogenesis-related genes in chloroquine group were depressed. The phosphorylation of AMPK was activated in chloroquine group, and the genes involved in glycolysis were induced. The hepatic content of malonyldialdehyde and the activities of SOD and CAT were induced when autophagy was inhibited. The content of Complement 3, Complement 4 and Immunoglobulin M, as well as the activity of lysozyme in plasma were depressed in chloroquine group. Dietary chloroquine induced the expression of toll-like receptors and stimulated the expression of myd88 and nf-κb p65, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tnf-α and il-1β. The expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine tgf-β was depressed in the chloroquine group. Our results would extend the knowledge on the role of autophagy in teleost and assist in improving fishery production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mawed SA, Marini C, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Reda RM, El-Saadony MT, Elhady WM, Magi GE, Di Cerbo A, El-Nagar WG. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Suppress Fertility by Activating Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in the Developing Oocytes of Female Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1567. [PMID: 36009286 PMCID: PMC9404823 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the core mechanisms that control gametogenesis are largely multiple, complex, successive, and orchestrated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, age, health status, and hormonal activity are important factors for good fertility; other intangible intracellular molecular mechanisms that manage oocyte development are still unclear. The present study was designed to elucidate the ultrastructure changes in the ovary in response to its exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and to explore the role of autophagy and apoptosis during egg maturation and ovulation on the fertility of female zebrafish. In our study, ZnO-NPs could induce cytotoxicity in the maturing oocyte by activating autophagy and apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner and could induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that elevated the mutated ovarian tP53 protein. Simultaneously, necroptosis developed, mimicking the features of apoptosis and necrosis. Collectively, ZnO-NPs created a suitable necrotic environment that led to follicular developmental retardation that altered oocyte ovulation and reduced fecundity of female zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Attia Mawed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Elhady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gian E. Magi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Wafaa G. El-Nagar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Zhao F, Chen K, Guo Y, Liang Y, Zhao H, Chen S. Exposure of zebrafish to a cold environment triggered cellular autophagy in zebrafish liver. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:991-1000. [PMID: 35395109 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water temperature is the major ecophysiological factor for fish survival in nature and aquaculture. Compared with many homeotherms, fish can survive prolonged periods under the condition of low temperature. However, the metabolic strategies of the liver under a cold environment are still unknown in this species. In our present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to a cold or cold plus starvation environment to analyse the morphological characteristics of hepatocytes by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fish livers were dissected and observed under a microscope, and the liver size and shape appeared normal in all groups. Periodic acid-Schiff and TEM analysis showed that hepatic glycogen was significantly lower in zebrafish exposed to cold acclimation (CF group) than that zebrafish at the control water temperature (CT group). Moreover, qPCR and IHC results indicated that the expression of PYGL (a key enzyme involved in glycogenolysis) markedly increased in the CF group. After cold plus starvation treatment (CS group), autophagy activity was significantly enhanced and numerous mitophagic vacuoles were present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In conclusion, hepatic glycogen was first mobilizing to supply energy, and then autophagy, especially mitophagy, played vital roles during nutrient deprivation in fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Fange Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Kexing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yihan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antigen Presentation and Autophagy in Teleost Adaptive Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094899. [PMID: 35563287 PMCID: PMC9103719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a burden for aquaculture. Antigen processing and presentation (APP) to the immune effector cells that fight pathogens is key in the adaptive immune response. At the core of the adaptive immunity that appeared in lower vertebrates during evolution are the variable genes encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC class I molecules mainly present peptides processed in the cytosol by the proteasome and transported to the cell surface of all cells through secretory compartments. Professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPC) also express MHC class II molecules, which normally present peptides processed from exogenous antigens through lysosomal pathways. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradation process that is conserved in all eukaryotes and is induced by starvation to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Self-digestion during autophagy mainly occurs by the fusion of autophagosomes, which engulf portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes (macroautophagy) or assisted by chaperones (chaperone-mediated autophagy, CMA) that deliver proteins to lysosomes. Thus, during self-degradation, antigens can be processed to be presented by the MHC to immune effector cells, thus, linking autophagy to APP. This review is focused on the essential components of the APP that are conserved in teleost fish and the increasing evidence related to the modulation of APP and autophagy during pathogen infection.
Collapse
|
5
|
Han SL, Qian YC, Limbu SM, Wang J, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Lipolysis and lipophagy play individual and interactive roles in regulating triacylglycerol and cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial form in zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158988. [PMID: 34111526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutral lipases-mediated lipolysis and acid lipases-moderated lipophagy are two main processes for degradation of lipid droplets (LDs). However, the individual and interactive roles of these metabolic pathways are not well known across vertebrates. This study explored the roles of lipolysis and lipophagy from the aspect of neutral and acid lipases in zebrafish. We established zebrafish strains deficient in either adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl-/-; AKO fish) or lysosomal acid lipase (lal-/-; LKO fish) respectively, and then inhibited lipolysis in the LKO fish and lipophagy in the AKO fish by feeding diets supplemented with the corresponding inhibitors Atglistatin and 3-Methyladenine, respectively. Both the AKO and LKO fish showed reduced growth, swimming activity, and oxygen consumption. The AKO fish did not show phenotypes in adipose tissue, but mainly accumulated triacylglycerol (TAG) in liver, also, they had large LDs in the hepatocytes, and did not stimulate lipophagy as a compensation response but maintained basal lipophagy. The LKO fish reduced total lipid accumulation in the body but had high cholesterol content in liver; also, they accumulated small LDs in the hepatocytes, and showed increased lipolysis, especially Atgl expression, as a compensatory mechanism. Simultaneous inhibition of lipolysis and lipophagy in zebrafish resulted in severe liver damage, with the potential to trigger mitophagy. Overall, our study illustrates that lipolysis and lipophagy perform individual and interactive roles in maintaining homeostasis of TAG and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, the interactive roles of lipolysis and lipophagy may be essential in regulating the functions and form of mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Lan Han
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Qian
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|