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Jung KH, Kim M, Jung HJ, Koo HJ, Kim JL, Lee H, Lee KH. PET imaging of colon cancer CD73 expression using cysteine site-specific 89Zr-labeled anti-CD73 antibody. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17994. [PMID: 39097625 PMCID: PMC11297922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a cell-surface ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes the conversion of extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, which in turn can promote resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Immune response may therefore be improved by targeting tumor CD73, and this possibility underlines the need to non-invasively assess tumor CD73 level. In this study, we developed a cysteine site-specific 89Zr-labeled anti-CD73 (89Zr-CD73) IgG immuno-PET technique that can image tumor CD73 expression in living bodies. Anti-CD73 IgG was reduced with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, underwent sulfohydryl moiety-specific conjugation with deferoxamine-maleimide, and was radiolabeled with 89Zr. CT26 mouse colon cancer cells, CT26/CD73 cells engineered to constitutively overexpress CD73, and 4T1.2 mouse breast cancer cells underwent cell binding assays and western blotting. Balb/c nude mice bearing tumors underwent 89Zr-CD73 IgG PET imaging and biodistribution studies. 89Zr-CD73 IgG showed 20-fold higher binding to overexpressing CT26/CD73 cells compared to low-expressing CT26 cells, and moderate expressing 4T1.2 cells showed uptake that was 38.9 ± 1.51% of CT26/CD73 cells. Uptake was dramatically suppressed by excess unlabeled antibody. CD73 content proportionately increased in CT26 and CT26/CD73 cell mixtures was associated with linear increases in 89Zr-CD73 IgG uptake. 89Zr-CD73 IgG PET/CT displayed clear accumulation in CT26/CD73 tumors with greater uptake compared to CT26 tumors (3.13 ± 1.70%ID/g vs. 1.27 ± 0.31%ID/g at 8 days; P = 0.04). Specificity was further supported by low CT26/CD73 tumor-to-blood ratio of 89Zr-isotype-IgG compared to 89Zr-CD73 IgG (0.48 ± 0.08 vs. 2.68 ± 0.52 at 4 days and 0.53 ± 0.07 vs. 4.81 ± 1.02 at 8 days; both P < 0.001). Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed strong CD73 expression in CT26/CD73 tumors and low expression in CT26 tumors. 4T1.2 tumor mice also showed clear 89Zr-CD73 IgG accumulation at 8 days (3.75 ± 0.70%ID/g) with high tumor-to-blood ratio compared to 89Zr-isotype-IgG (4.91 ± 1.74 vs. 1.20 ± 0.28; P < 0.005). 89Zr-CD73 IgG specifically targeted CD73 on high expressing cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo. Thus, 89Zr-CD73 IgG immuno-PET may be useful for the non-invasive monitoring of CD73 expression in tumors of living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Lim Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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CD73: Friend or Foe in Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065545. [PMID: 36982618 PMCID: PMC10056814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a strategic role in calibrating the magnitude and chemical nature of purinergic signals that are delivered to immune cells. Its primary function is to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine in concert with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) in normal tissues to limit an excessive immune response in many pathophysiological events, such as lung injury induced by a variety of contributing factors. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the location of CD73, in proximity to adenosine receptor subtypes, indirectly determines its positive or negative effect in a variety of organs and tissues and that its action is affected by the transfer of nucleoside to subtype-specific adenosine receptors. Nonetheless, the bidirectional nature of CD73 as an emerging immune checkpoint in the pathogenesis of lung injury is still unknown. In this review, we explore the relationship between CD73 and the onset and progression of lung injury, highlighting the potential value of this molecule as a drug target for the treatment of pulmonary disease.
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Singer P, Yee BK. The adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia into its third decade: From neurochemical imbalance to early life etiological risks. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1120532. [PMID: 36998267 PMCID: PMC10043328 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia was conceptualized about two decades ago in an attempt to integrate two prominent theories of neurochemical imbalance that attribute the pathogenesis of schizophrenia to hyperfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission and hypofunction of cortical glutamate neurotransmission. Given its unique position as an endogenous modulator of both dopamine and glutamate signaling in the brain, adenosine was postulated as a potential new drug target to achieve multiple antipsychotic actions. This new strategy may offer hope for improving treatment, especially in alleviating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia that do not respond to current medications. To date, however, the adenosine hypothesis has yet led to any significant therapeutic breakthroughs. Here, we address two possible reasons for the impasse. First, neither the presence of adenosine functional deficiency in people with schizophrenia nor its causal relationship to symptom production has been satisfactorily examined. Second, the lack of novel adenosine-based drugs also impedes progress. This review updates the latest preclinical and clinical data pertinent to the construct validity of the adenosine hypothesis and explores novel molecular processes whereby dysregulation of adenosine signaling could be linked to the etiology of schizophrenia. It is intended to stimulate and revitalize research into the adenosine hypothesis towards the development of a new and improved generation of antipsychotic drugs that has eluded us for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Singer
- Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Philipp Singer Benjamin K. Yee
| | - Benjamin K. Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Philipp Singer Benjamin K. Yee
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Qin Y, Li G, Jin Y, Yao Q, Li R, Li X, Wang H. Long Non-Coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) regulates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by targeting miR-7-5p. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:453-462. [PMID: 35164634 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2042881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane (ISO). Morrier water maze analysis was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of rats. Modified modified neurological severity score (mNSS) scores were assessed for neurological damage. The levels of MEG3 in hippocampal tissues of rats and hippocampal neuron cell lines HT22 were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assay. Indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and commercial assay kits. Relationship between MEG3 and microRNA (miR)-7-5p was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. MEG3 was increased in hippocampal tissues and HT22 after ISO treatment (P < 0.05). MEG3 downregulation alleviated the increase in neurological severity score and cognitive dysfunction caused by ISO treatment (P < 0.05). In vitro, MEG3 downregulation alleviates the decrease in cell activity and increased apoptosis induced by ISO. What's more, MEG3 reduction eliminated activation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress promoted by ISO treatment in rats and HT22 (P < 0.05). MEG3 was confirmed to specifically bind to miR-7-5p. Inhibition of miR-7-5p eliminated the alleviating effects of MEG3 downregulation on cognitive dysfunction caused by ISO treatment. Decreased MEG3 alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by ISO by targeting miR-7-5p and play a neuroprotective effect. We present a strategy for MEG3 as a potential target for brain protection during anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, No.25 Wenhua Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taishan District, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, No. 41 Longtou Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, No.25 Wenhua Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, No. 41 Longtou Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, No. 41 Longtou Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
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Alcedo KP, Bowser JL, Snider NT. The elegant complexity of mammalian ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:829-842. [PMID: 34116887 PMCID: PMC8448938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism used by all cells to control their internal activities and interact with the environment. A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of endogenous adenosine in cancer have culminated in the ongoing clinical development of multiple CD73-targeting antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. However, recent studies are painting an increasingly complex picture of CD73 mRNA and protein regulation and function in cellular homeostasis, physiological adaptation, and disease development. This review discusses the latest conceptual and methodological advances that are helping to unravel the complexity of this important enzyme that was identified nearly 90 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Proof of Concept Study for Increasing Tenascin-C-Targeted Drug Delivery to Tumors Previously Subjected to Therapy: X-Irradiation Increases Tumor Uptake. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123652. [PMID: 33291427 PMCID: PMC7762098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We hypothesized that an agent recognizing a specific factor, which is involved in tissue injury repair, could achieve the goal of delivering an additional antitumor agent to tumors during tissue repair after initial anticancer therapy. To demonstrate our concept, the present study employed tenascin-C (TNC) as a target molecule and radiation as initial therapy. Increased TNC expression was observed in tumors after radiation exposure in a pancreatic cancer mouse model. Of our three anti-TNC antibodies, the antibody 3–6 showed statistically significant higher tumor uptake compared with non-irradiated tumors in the by biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography studies. This finding strongly supports our concept. Our proposed therapeutic strategy could result in better outcomes for patients with treatment-refractory cancer. Abstract In treatment-refractory cancers, tumor tissues damaged by therapy initiate the repair response; therefore, tumor tissues must be exposed to an additional burden before successful repair. We hypothesized that an agent recognizing a molecule that responds to anticancer treatment-induced tissue injury could deliver an additional antitumor agent including a radionuclide to damaged cancer tissues during repair. We selected the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) as such a molecule, and three antibodies recognizing human and murine TNC were employed to evaluate X-irradiation-induced changes in TNC uptake by subcutaneous tumors. TNC expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of BxPC-3 tumors treated with or without X-irradiation (30 Gy) for 7 days. Antibodies against TNC (3–6, 12–2–7, TDEAR) and a control antibody were radiolabeled with 111In and injected into nude mice having BxPC-3 tumors 7 days after X-irradiation, and temporal uptake was monitored for an additional 4 days by biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies. Intratumoral distribution was analyzed by autoradiography. The immunohistochemical signal for TNC expression was faint in nontreated tumors but increased and expanded with time until day 7 after X-irradiation. Biodistribution studies revealed increased tumor uptake of all three 111In-labeled antibodies and the control antibody. However, a statistically significant increase in uptake was evident only for 111In-labeled 3–6 (35% injected dose (ID)/g for 30 Gy vs. 15% ID/g for 0 Gy at day 1, p < 0.01), whereas limited changes in 111In-labeled TDEAR2, 12–2–27, and control antibody were observed (several % ID/g for 0 and 30 Gy). Serial SPECT/CT imaging with 111In-labeled 3–6 or control antibody provided consistent results. Autoradiography revealed noticeably stronger signals in irradiated tumors injected with 111In-labeled 3–6 compared with each of the nonirradiated tumors and the control antibody. The signals were observed in TNC-expressing stroma. Markedly increased uptake of 111In-labeled 3–6 in irradiated tumors supports our concept that an agent, such as an antibody, that recognizes a molecule involved in tissue injury repair, such as TNC, could enhance drug delivery to tumor tissues that have undergone therapy. The combination of antibody 3–6 coupled to a tumoricidal drug and conventional therapy has the potential to achieve better outcomes for patients with refractory cancer.
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