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Rødland GE, Temelie M, Eek Mariampillai A, Hauge S, Gilbert A, Chevalier F, Savu DI, Syljuåsen RG. Potential Benefits of Combining Proton or Carbon Ion Therapy with DNA Damage Repair Inhibitors. Cells 2024; 13:1058. [PMID: 38920686 PMCID: PMC11201490 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of charged particle radiotherapy is currently increasing, but combination therapy with DNA repair inhibitors remains to be exploited in the clinic. The high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation delivered by charged particles causes clustered DNA damage, which is particularly effective in destroying cancer cells. Whether the DNA damage response to this type of damage is different from that elicited in response to low-LET radiation, and if and how it can be targeted to increase treatment efficacy, is not fully understood. Although several preclinical studies have reported radiosensitizing effects when proton or carbon ion irradiation is combined with inhibitors of, e.g., PARP, ATR, ATM, or DNA-PKcs, further exploration is required to determine the most effective treatments. Here, we examine what is known about repair pathway choice in response to high- versus low-LET irradiation, and we discuss the effects of inhibitors of these pathways when combined with protons and carbon ions. Additionally, we explore the potential effects of DNA repair inhibitors on antitumor immune signaling upon proton and carbon ion irradiation. Due to the reduced effect on healthy tissue and better immune preservation, particle therapy may be particularly well suited for combination with DNA repair inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Elise Rødland
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihaela Temelie
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Adrian Eek Mariampillai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Hauge
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine Gilbert
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France (F.C.)
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France (F.C.)
| | - Diana I. Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Randi G. Syljuåsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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Gao F, Wu Y, Wang R, Yao Y, Liu Y, Fan L, Xu J, Zhang J, Han X, Guan X. Precise nano-system-based drug delivery and synergistic therapy against androgen receptor-positive triple-negative breast cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2685-2697. [PMID: 38828153 PMCID: PMC11143519 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting androgen receptor (AR) has shown great therapeutic potential in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet its efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Here, we aimed to identify promising targeted agents that synergize with enzalutamide, a second-generation AR inhibitor, in TNBC. By using a strategy for screening drug combinations based on the Sensitivity Index (SI), we found that MK-8776, a selective checkpoint kinase1 (CHK1) inhibitor, showed favorable synergism with enzalutamide in AR-positive TNBC. The combination of enzalutamide and MK-8776 was found to exert more significant anti-tumor effects in TNBC than the single application of enzalutamide or MK-8776, respectively. Furthermore, a nanoparticle-based on hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified hollow-manganese dioxide (HMnO2), named HMnE&M@H, was established to encapsulate and deliver enzalutamide and MK-8776. This HA-modified nanosystem managed targeted activation via pH/glutathione responsiveness. HMnE&M@H repressed tumor growth more obviously than the simple addition of enzalutamide and MK-8776 without a carrier. Collectively, our study elucidated the synergy of enzalutamide and MK-8776 in TNBC and developed a novel tumor-targeted nano drug delivery system HMnE&M@H, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Gao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yueyao Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runtian Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuhui Yao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingtong Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Park S, Choi C, Kim H, Shin YJ, Oh Y, Park W, Cho WK, Kim N. Olaparib enhances sensitization of BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells to x-rays and protons. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:449-461. [PMID: 37902934 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the radiosensitizing effect of the PARP inhibitor, Olaparib, between proton and X-rays irradiations in BRCA-proficient breast cancer (BC) cells. METHODS Two BRCA-proficient BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and T47D BC, were used. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and radiosensitivity was determined through the clonogenic survival assay. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The kinetics of DNA damage repair were evaluated using γH2AX immunofluorescence imaging and the comet assay. Tumor spheroid assays were conducted to test radiosensitivity in a three-dimensional culture condition. RESULTS Olaparib sensitized both MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells to proton and X-ray irradiation in the clonogenic assay. MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a higher dose enhancement factor for Olaparib than T47D cells. Olaparib increased radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis specifically in MDA-MB-231 cells. γH2AX immunostaining and the comet assay showed Olaparib augmented radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. The enhancement effect of Olaparib was more pronounced in proton irradiation than in X-ray irradiation, particularly in MDA-MB-231 cells than T47D cells. Both radiation and Olaparib dose-dependently inhibited spheroid growth in both cell lines. The synergy scores demonstrated that Olaparib interacted more strongly with protons than X-rays. The addition of an ATR inhibitor further enhanced Olaparib-induced proton radiosensitization in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION This study found that Olaparib enhanced radiation efficacy in BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells, with a more pronounced effect observed with proton irradiation compared to X-ray irradiation. Combining Olaparib with an ATR inhibitor increased the radiosensitizing effect of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haeyoung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Oh
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
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Tam A, Mercier BD, Thomas RM, Tizpa E, Wong IG, Shi J, Garg R, Hampel H, Gray SW, Williams T, Bazan JG, Li YR. Moving the Needle Forward in Genomically-Guided Precision Radiation Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5314. [PMID: 38001574 PMCID: PMC10669735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment (RT) is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer. Recommendations for RT and the radiation plan are individualized to each patient, taking into consideration the patient's tumor pathology, staging, anatomy, and other clinical characteristics. Information on germline mutations and somatic tumor mutations is at present rarely used to guide specific clinical decisions in RT. Many genes, such as ATM, and BRCA1/2, have been identified in the laboratory to confer radiation sensitivity. However, our understanding of the clinical significance of mutations in these genes remains limited and, as individual mutations in such genes can be rare, their impact on tumor response and toxicity remains unclear. Current guidelines, including those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), provide limited guidance on how genetic results should be integrated into RT recommendations. With an increasing understanding of the molecular underpinning of radiation response, genomically-guided RT can inform decisions surrounding RT dose, volume, concurrent therapies, and even omission to further improve oncologic outcomes and reduce risks of toxicities. Here, we review existing evidence from laboratory, pre-clinical, and clinical studies with regard to how genetic alterations may affect radiosensitivity. We also summarize recent data from clinical trials and explore potential future directions to utilize genetic data to support clinical decision-making in developing a pathway toward personalized RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Benjamin D. Mercier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Reeny M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Eemon Tizpa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Irene G. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Juncong Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Rishabh Garg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Heather Hampel
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Stacy W. Gray
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Terence Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Jose G. Bazan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Yun R. Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
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Melia E, Parsons J. DNA damage and repair dependencies of ionising radiation modalities. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222586. [PMID: 37695845 PMCID: PMC10548165 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is utilised in the treatment of ∼50% of all human cancers, which predominantly employs photon radiation. However, particle radiotherapy elicits significant benefits over conventional photons due to more precise dose deposition and increased linear energy transfer (LET) that generates an enhanced therapeutic response. Specifically, proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) are characterised by a Bragg peak, which generates a low entrance radiation dose, with the majority of the energy deposition being defined within a small region which can be specifically targeted to the tumour, followed by a low exit dose. PBT is deemed relatively low-LET whereas CIRT is more densely ionising and therefore high LET. Despite the radiotherapy type, tumour cell killing relies heavily on the introduction of DNA damage that overwhelms the repair capacity of the tumour cells. It is known that DNA damage complexity increases with LET that leads to enhanced biological effectiveness, although the specific DNA repair pathways that are activated following the different radiation sources is unclear. This knowledge is required to determine whether specific proteins and enzymes within these pathways can be targeted to further increase the efficacy of the radiation. In this review, we provide an overview of the different radiation modalities and the DNA repair pathways that are responsive to these. We also provide up-to-date knowledge of studies examining the impact of LET and DNA damage complexity on DNA repair pathway choice, followed by evidence on how enzymes within these pathways could potentially be therapeutically exploited to further increase tumour radiosensitivity, and therefore radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Melia
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Li L, Wang L, Liu D, Zhao Y. BRD7 suppresses tumor chemosensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by inhibiting USP1-mediated deubiquitination of CHK1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:313. [PMID: 37626049 PMCID: PMC10457387 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a key effector in the cellular response to DNA lesions, is a crucial component of all cell cycle checkpoints. Recent reports have revealed that CHK1 is highly expressed in numerous cancer types in the clinical settings. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CHK1 expression in tumor cells remain unclear. Here, we report that CHK1 is negatively regulated by the bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7). Specifically, BRD7 silencing increased CHK1 (but not CHK2) expression at both mRNA and protein levels, in a p53-independent manner in multiple tumor cell lines. Furthermore, BRD7 silencing stabilized CHK1 via reducing its ubiquitination. Mechanistically, BRD7 knockdown not only increased the levels of USP1, a deubiquitinase for CHK1, but also promoted the interaction between CHK1 and USP1, subsequently enhancing the de-ubiquitination of CHK1. USP1 knockdown abrogated BRD7 silencing-induced CHK1 induction. Biologically, the increased expression of CHK1 in tumor cells caused by BRD7 silencing significantly increased cell sensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by enhancing tumor cell apoptosis, and this effect was reversed by the simultaneous knockdown of CHK1 or USP1. Taken together, our findings suggest that BRD7 is a potential genetic or drug target that may help to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs targeting CHK1 in combinatorial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Srivastava N, Usmani SS, Subbarayan R, Saini R, Pandey PK. Hypoxia: syndicating triple negative breast cancer against various therapeutic regimens. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199105. [PMID: 37492478 PMCID: PMC10363988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest subtypes of breast cancer (BC) for its high aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and hypoxic nature. Based on biological and clinical observations the TNBC related mortality is very high worldwide. Emerging studies have clearly demonstrated that hypoxia regulates the critical metabolic, developmental, and survival pathways in TNBC, which include glycolysis and angiogenesis. Alterations to these pathways accelerate the cancer stem cells (CSCs) enrichment and immune escape, which further lead to tumor invasion, migration, and metastasis. Beside this, hypoxia also manipulates the epigenetic plasticity and DNA damage response (DDR) to syndicate TNBC survival and its progression. Hypoxia fundamentally creates the low oxygen condition responsible for the alteration in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) signaling within the tumor microenvironment, allowing tumors to survive and making them resistant to various therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for society to establish target-based therapies that overcome the resistance and limitations of the current treatment plan for TNBC. In this review article, we have thoroughly discussed the plausible significance of HIF-1α as a target in various therapeutic regimens such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, adjuvant therapy photodynamic therapy, adoptive cell therapy, combination therapies, antibody drug conjugates and cancer vaccines. Further, we also reviewed here the intrinsic mechanism and existing issues in targeting HIF-1α while improvising the current therapeutic strategies. This review highlights and discusses the future perspectives and the major alternatives to overcome TNBC resistance by targeting hypoxia-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Educations, Chennai, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Kumar Pandey
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Opthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Guo L, Dong Z, Zhang X, Yang Y, Hu X, Ji Y, Li C, Wan S, Xu J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Shi Y, Wu Z, Liu Y, Cui H. Morusinol extracted from Morus alba induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibition of DNA damage response in melanoma by CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154765. [PMID: 37004403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-thrombosis and so on. Morusinol, as a novel isoprene flavonoid extracted from Morus alba root barks, has the effects of anti-arterial thrombosis and anti-inflammatory in previous studies. However, the anti-cancer mechanism of morusinol remains unclear. PURPOSE In present study, we mainly studied the anti-tumor effect of morusinol and its mode of action in melanoma. METHODS The anti-cancer effect of morusinol on melanoma were evaluated by using the MTT, EdU, plate clone formation and soft agar assay. Flow cytometry was used for detecting cell cycle and apoptosis. The ɣ-H2AX immunofluorescence and the alkaline comet assay were used to detect DNA damage and the Western blotting analysis was used to investigate the expressions of DNA-damage related proteins. Ubiquitination and turnover of CHK1 were also detected by using the immunoprecipitation assay. The cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) mouse models were used in vivo to evaluate the effect of morusinol on tumorigenicity. RESULTS We demonstrated that morusinol not only had the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, but also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, caspase-dependent apoptosis and DNA damage in human melanoma cells. In addition, morusinol effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma xenografts in vivo. More strikingly, CHK1, which played an important role in maintaining the integrity of cell cycle, genomic stability and cell viability, was down-regulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner after morusinol treatment. Further research showed that CHK1 was degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Whereafter, morusinol-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage were partially salvaged by overexpressing CHK1 in melanoma cell lines. Herein, further experiments demonstrated that morusinol increased the sensitivity of dacarbazine (DTIC) to chemotherapy for melanoma in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Morusinol induces CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage response in melanoma. Our study firstly provided a theoretical basis for morusinol to be a candidate drug for clinical treatment of cancer, such as melanoma, alone or combinated with dacarbazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuanmiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yaqiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Zonghui Wu
- Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
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9
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Xie D, Huang Q, Zhou P. Drug Discovery Targeting Post-Translational Modifications in Response to DNA Damages Induced by Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087656. [PMID: 37108815 PMCID: PMC10142602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in astronauts induced by cosmic radiation poses a major barrier to human space exploration. Cellular responses and repair of the most lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are crucial for genomic integrity and cell survival. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are among the regulatory factors modulating a delicate balance and choice between predominant DSB repair pathways, such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). In this review, we focused on the engagement of proteins in the DNA damage response (DDR) modulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, including ATM, DNA-PKcs, CtIP, MDM2, and ubiquitin ligases. The involvement and function of acetylation, methylation, PARylation, and their essential proteins were also investigated, providing a repository of candidate targets for DDR regulators. However, there is a lack of radioprotectors in spite of their consideration in the discovery of radiosensitizers. We proposed new perspectives for the research and development of future agents against space radiation by the systematic integration and utilization of evolutionary strategies, including multi-omics analyses, rational computing methods, drug repositioning, and combinations of drugs and targets, which may facilitate the use of radioprotectors in practical applications in human space exploration to combat fatal radiation hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
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10
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Ghanbarnasab Behbahani R, Danyaei A, Teimoori A, Tahmasbi MJ, Neisi N. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knocking out of OPN gene enhances radiosensitivity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04304-7. [PMID: 36042045 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy in conjunction with surgery have been known as the standard methods for patients with breast cancer, they frequently face resistance due to the failure of cells to death. Accordingly, improving the results requires discovering novel therapeutic approaches based on the changes in the molecular biology of cancer cells. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted protein that previous studies have shown to be associated with progression, poor prognosis, and metastasis in breast cancer. The current study examined the synergistic effects of radiotherapy and knocking out of OPN gene, utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technique in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. METHODS We used to knock out the OPN gene by the two different gRNAs. The cells irradiated 24 h after transfection. The mRNA expression, tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, growth, and apoptosis were measured. Moreover, activation of Chk1 and AKT were measured via western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated the OPN knocking out along with radiation led to the promotion of apoptosis, suppression of downstream genes, reduction of cell viability, and inhibition of cell-cycle progression. The western blot analysis has indicated that the knocking out of the OPN gene along with radiotherapy changes DNA damage responses substantially. CONCLUSIONS The OPN gene knocking out with radiotherapy might be an efficient approach to overcome the radioresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tahmasbi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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11
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Palladium(II) Complexes of Substituted Salicylaldehydes: Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Their Biological Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070886. [PMID: 35890184 PMCID: PMC9323974 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Five palladium(II) complexes of substituted salicylaldehydes (X-saloH, X = 4-Et2N (for 1), 3,5-diBr (for 2), 3,5-diCl (for 3), 5-F (for 4) or 4-OMe (for 5)) bearing the general formula [Pd(X-salo)2] were synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal structure of complex [Pd(4-Et2N-salo)2] was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The complexes can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and reduce H2O2. They are active against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas campestris) bacterial strains. The complexes interact strongly with calf-thymus DNA via intercalation, as deduced by diverse techniques and via the determination of their binding constants. Complexes interact reversibly with bovine and human serum albumin. Complementary insights into their possible mechanisms of bioactivity at the molecular level were provided by molecular docking calculations, exploring in silico their ability to bind to calf-thymus DNA, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus DNA-gyrase, 5-lipoxygenase, and membrane transport lipid protein 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, contributing to the understanding of the role complexes 1–5 can play both as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Furthermore, in silico predictive tools have been employed to study the chemical reactivity, molecular properties and drug-likeness of the complexes, and also the drug-induced changes of gene expression profile (as protein- and mRNA-based prediction results), the sites of metabolism, the substrate/metabolite specificity, the cytotoxicity for cancer and non-cancer cell lines, the acute rat toxicity, the rodent organ-specific carcinogenicity, the anti-target interaction profiles, the environmental ecotoxicity, and finally the activity spectra profile of the compounds.
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12
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Petroni G, Cantley LC, Santambrogio L, Formenti SC, Galluzzi L. Radiotherapy as a tool to elicit clinically actionable signalling pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:114-131. [PMID: 34819622 PMCID: PMC9004227 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are required for disease progression. However, not all malignant cells rely on such alterations to survive, proliferate, disseminate and/or evade anticancer immunity, implying that many tumours are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. Radiotherapy is well known for its ability to activate cytotoxic signalling pathways that ultimately promote the death of cancer cells, as well as numerous cytoprotective mechanisms that are elicited by cellular damage. Importantly, many cytoprotective mechanisms elicited by radiotherapy can be abrogated by targeted anticancer agents, suggesting that radiotherapy could be harnessed to enhance the clinical efficacy of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data that introduce radiotherapy as a tool to elicit or amplify clinically actionable signalling pathways in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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High-Throughput 3D Tumor Spheroid Array Platform for Evaluating Sensitivity of Proton-Drug Combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020587. [PMID: 35054773 PMCID: PMC8775525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a critical treatment modality for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, not much is known about drug combinations that may improve the efficacy of PBT. This study aimed to test the feasibility of a three-dimensional (3D) tumor-spheroid-based high-throughput screening platform that could assess cellular sensitivity against PBT. Spheroids of two HNSCC cell lines—Fadu and Cal27—cultured with a mixture of Matrigel were arrayed on a 384-pillar/well plate, followed by exposure to graded doses of protons or targeted drugs including olaparib at various concentrations. Calcein staining of HNSCC spheroids revealed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability for proton irradiation or multiple targeted drugs, and provided quantitative data that discriminated the sensitivity between the two HNSCC cell lines. The combined effect of protons and olaparib was assessed by calculating the combination index from the survival rates of 4 × 4 matrices, showing that Cal27 spheroids had greater synergy with olaparib than Fadu spheroids. In contrast, adavosertib did not synergize with protons in both spheroids. Taken together, we demonstrated that the 3D pillar/well array platform was a useful tool that provided rapid, quantitative data for evaluating sensitivity to PBT and drug combinations. Our results further supported that administration of the combination of PBT and olaparib may be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC patients.
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14
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Li Y, Kardell MB, Wang F, Wang L, Zhu S, Bessho T, Peng A. The Sm core components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins promote homologous recombination repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103244. [PMID: 34768043 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA Double strand breaks (DSBs) are highly hazardous to the cell, and are repaired predominantly via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Using DSB-mimicking DNA templates, our proteomic studies identified a group of Sm core proteins of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) as potential DSB-associated proteins. We further confirmed that these Sm proteins were recruited to laser-induced DNA damage sites, and co-localized with established DNA damage repair factors. Depletion of Sm-D3 or Sm-B induced accumulation of γ-H2AX, and impaired the repair efficiency of HR, but not NHEJ. Furthermore, disruption of Sm-D3 reduced the protein level of HR factors, especially RAD51 and CHK1, but caused no change in the expression of repair factors involved in NHEJ. Mechanistically, Sm-D3 proteins bound RAD51, suppressed the ubiquitination of RAD51, and mediated the stabilization of RAD51; Sm-D3 depletion particularly impacted the level of RAD51 and CHK1 on damaged chromatin. As such, our studies characterized a role of Sm proteins in HR repair, via a new mechanism that is distinct from their conventional functions in RNA processing and gene regulation, but consistent with their direct recruitment to DNA damage sites and association with repair factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mary Bridget Kardell
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Songli Zhu
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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15
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Singh DD, Parveen A, Yadav DK. Role of PARP in TNBC: Mechanism of Inhibition, Clinical Applications, and Resistance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111512. [PMID: 34829741 PMCID: PMC8614648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a combative cancer type with a highly inflated histological grade that leads to poor theragnostic value. Gene, protein, and receptor-specific targets have shown effective clinical outcomes in patients with TNBC. Cells are frequently exposed to DNA-damaging agents. DNA damage is repaired by multiple pathways; accumulations of mutations occur due to damage to one or more pathways and lead to alterations in normal cellular mechanisms, which lead to development of tumors. Advances in target-specific cancer therapies have shown significant momentum; most treatment options cause off-target toxicity and side effects on healthy tissues. PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) is a major protein and is involved in DNA repair pathways, base excision repair (BER) mechanisms, homologous recombination (HR), and nonhomologous end-joining (NEJ) deficiency-based repair mechanisms. DNA damage repair deficits cause an increased risk of tumor formation. Inhibitors of PARP favorably kill cancer cells in BRCA-mutations. For a few years, PARPi has shown promising activity as a chemotherapeutic agent in BRCA1- or BRCA2-associated breast cancers, and in combination with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. This review covers the current results of clinical trials testing and future directions for the field of PARP inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4948 (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4948 (D.K.Y.)
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16
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Singh DD, Yadav DK. TNBC: Potential Targeting of Multiple Receptors for a Therapeutic Breakthrough, Nanomedicine, and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080876. [PMID: 34440080 PMCID: PMC8389539 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, recurring cancer associated with a high rate of metastasis, poor prognosis, and lack of therapeutic targets. Although target-based therapeutic options are approved for other cancers, only limited therapeutic options are available for TNBC. Cell signaling and receptor-specific targets are reportedly effective in patients with TNBC under specific clinical conditions. However, most of these cancers are unresponsive, and there is a requirement for more effective treatment modalities. Further, there is a lack of effective biomarkers that can distinguish TNBC from other BC subtypes. ER, PR, and HER2 help identify TNBC and are widely used to identify patients who are most likely to respond to diverse therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the possible treatment options for TNBC based on its inherent subtype receptors and pathways, such as p53 signaling, AKT signaling, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage, and programmed cell death, which play essential roles at multiple stages of TNBC development. We focus on poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1, androgen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor as well as the application of nanomedicine and immunotherapy in TNBC and discuss their potential applications in drug development for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-820-4948
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17
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Downregulation of Mcl-1 by Panobinostat Potentiates Proton Beam Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030554. [PMID: 33806487 PMCID: PMC7999709 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is an attractive anti-cancer strategy for diverse hematological and solid cancers. Herein, we explored the relative effectiveness of the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in combination with proton over X-ray irradiation in HCC cells. Clonogenic survival assays revealed that radiosensitization of Huh7 and Hep3B cells by panobinostat was more evident when combined with protons than X-rays. Panobinostat increased G2/M arrest and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which was further enhanced by proton irradiation. Immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX showed that panobinostat enhanced proton-induced DNA damage. Panobinostat dose-dependently decreased expression of an anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1, concomitant with increasing acetylation of histone H4. The combination of panobinostat with proton irradiation enhanced apoptotic cell death to a greater extent than that with X-ray irradiation. Depletion of Mcl-1 by RNA interference enhanced proton-induced apoptosis and proton radiosensitization, suggesting a potential role of Mcl-1 in determining proton sensitivity. Together, our findings suggest that panobinostat may be a promising combination agent for proton beam therapy in HCC treatment.
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18
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Zhou S, Huang YE, Liu H, Zhou X, Yuan M, Hou F, Wang L, Jiang W. Single-cell RNA-seq dissects the intratumoral heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer based on gene regulatory networks. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:682-690. [PMID: 33575114 PMCID: PMC7851423 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with high intratumoral heterogeneity. Recent studies revealed that TNBC patients might comprise cells with distinct molecular subtypes. In addition, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) constructed based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data have demonstrated the significance for decoding the key regulators. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the GRNs for the intrinsic subtypes of TNBC patients using scRNA-seq. The copy number variations (CNVs) were inferred from scRNA-seq data and identified 545 malignant cells. The subtypes of the malignant cells were assigned based on the PAM50 model. The cell-cell communication analysis revealed that the macrophage plays a dominant role in the tumor microenvironment. Next, the GRN for each subtype was constructed through integrating gene co-expression and enrichment of transcription-binding motifs. Then, we identified the critical genes based on the centrality metrics of genes. Importantly, the critical gene ETV6 was ubiquitously upregulated in all subtypes, but it exerted diverse roles in each subtype through regulating different target genes. In conclusion, the construction of GRNs based on scRNA-seq data could help us to dissect the intratumoral heterogeneity and identify the critical genes of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunheng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yu-E Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Fei Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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19
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Comprehensive circular RNA expression profiling constructs a ceRNA network and identifies hsa_circ_0000673 as a novel oncogene in distal cholangiocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23251-23274. [PMID: 33221765 PMCID: PMC7746367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development; however, the expression and functions of circRNAs in distal CCA (dCCA) remain unknown. Herein, we explored the expression profile of circRNAs in six paired dCCA tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples using microarray. A total of 171 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were identified in dCCA tissues. Host genes of DE circRNAs were enriched in the cellular cytoskeleton and adheren junction. Bioinformatics analyses were used to establish a circRNA-microRNA-mRNA network for dCCA. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed, and five hub genes were associated with the regulation of the cell cycle based on gene set enrichment analyses. Five DE circRNAs were validated with qRT-PCR in 40 pairs of dCCA tissues, and hsa_circ_0000673 showed promising diagnostic performance in distinguishing dCCA from normal tissues (AUC = 0.85, p < 0.01). Overexpression of hsa_circ_0000673 was associated with tumor invasion (p = 0.001), poor differentiation (p = 0.041), and residual tumor (p = 0.044). In vitro experiments indicated that inhibition of hsa_circ_0000673 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CCA cells. This research provided a landscape of dysregulated circRNAs in dCCA and identified hsa_circ_0000673 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for dCCA.
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20
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Carante MP, Ballarini F. Radiation Damage in Biomolecules and Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218188. [PMID: 33139616 PMCID: PMC7662447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario P. Carante
- INFN (Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ballarini
- INFN (Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Görte J, Beyreuther E, Danen EHJ, Cordes N. Comparative Proton and Photon Irradiation Combined with Pharmacological Inhibitors in 3D Pancreatic Cancer Cultures. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113216. [PMID: 33142778 PMCID: PMC7692858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to higher precision and consequent sparing of normal tissue, pancreatic cancer patients might profit from proton beam radiotherapy, a treatment modality increasingly used. Since molecular data upon proton irradiation in comparison to standard photon radiotherapy are limited in pancreatic cancer, the aims of our study were to unravel differences in the effectiveness of photon versus proton irradiation and to exploit radiation type-specific molecular changes for radiosensitizing 3D PDAC cell cultures. Although protons showed a slightly higher effectiveness and a stronger induction of molecular alterations than photons, our results revealed a radiation-type independent sensitization of molecular-targeted agents selected according to the discovered molecular, radiation-induced alterations. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly therapy-resistant tumor entity of unmet needs. Over the last decades, radiotherapy has been considered as an additional treatment modality to surgery and chemotherapy. Owing to radiosensitive abdominal organs, high-precision proton beam radiotherapy has been regarded as superior to photon radiotherapy. To further elucidate the potential of combination therapies, we employed a more physiological 3D, matrix-based cell culture model to assess tumoroid formation capacity after photon and proton irradiation. Additionally, we investigated proton- and photon-irradiation-induced phosphoproteomic changes for identifying clinically exploitable targets. Here, we show that proton irradiation elicits a higher efficacy to reduce 3D PDAC tumoroid formation and a greater extent of phosphoproteome alterations compared with photon irradiation. The targeting of proteins identified in the phosphoproteome that were uniquely altered by protons or photons failed to cause radiation-type-specific radiosensitization. Targeting DNA repair proteins associated with non-homologous endjoining, however, revealed a strong radiosensitizing potential independent of the radiation type. In conclusion, our findings suggest proton irradiation to be potentially more effective in PDAC than photons without additional efficacy when combined with DNA repair inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Görte
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.G.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.G.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.G.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-7401; Fax: +49-351-458-7311
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