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Sandhanam K, Tamilanban T. Unraveling the noncoding RNA landscape in glioblastoma: from pathogenesis to precision therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03265-7. [PMID: 39007929 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive type IV brain tumor that originates from astrocytes and has a poor prognosis. Despite intensive research, survival rates have not significantly improved. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, and increased treatment resistance in GBM cells. They influence angiogenesis, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and invasion in GBM cells. ncRNAs, such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are commonly dysregulated in GBM. miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-133a, and miR-27a-3p, are oncogenes that increase cell proliferation, metastasis, and migration by targeting TGFBR1 and BTG2. In contrast, lncRNAs, such as HOXD-AS2 and LINC00511, are oncogenes that increase the migration, invasion, and proliferation of cells. CircRNAs, such as circ0001730, circENTPD7, and circFOXO3, are oncogenes responsible for cell growth, angiogenesis, and viability. Developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs, cell migration, and angiogenesis is a promising approach for GBM. By targeting these dysregulated ncRNAs, we can potentially restore a healthy balance in gene expression and influence disease progression. ncRNAs abound within GBM, demonstrating significant roles in governing the growth and behavior of these tumors. They may also be useful as biomarkers or targets for therapy. The use of morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) suppressing the oncogene expression of HOTAIR, BCYRN1, and cyrano, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) suppressing the expression of ncRNAs such as MALAT1 and miR-10b, locked nucleic acids (LNAs) suppressing miR-21, and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) suppressing the expression of miR-155 inhibited the PI3K pathway, tumor growth, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Targeting oncogenic ncRNAs with RNA-interfering strategies such as MOs, ASOs, LNAs, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and PNA approaches may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. This review emphasizes the critical role of ncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis, as well as the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to improve the prognosis and quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandhanam
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sandhanam K, Tamilanban T, Manasa K, Bhattacharjee B. Unlocking novel therapeutic avenues in glioblastoma: Harnessing 4-amino cyanine and miRNA synergy for next-gen treatment convergence. Neuroscience 2024; 553:1-18. [PMID: 38944146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a formidable challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and dismal prognosis, with average survival rates around 15 months despite conventional treatments. This review proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM by integrating microRNA (miRNA) therapy with 4-amino cyanine molecules possessing near-infrared (NIR) properties. miRNA holds promise in regulating gene expression, particularly in GBM, making it an attractive therapeutic target. 4-amino cyanine molecules, especially those with NIR properties, have shown efficacy in targeted tumor cell degradation. The combined approach addresses gene expression regulation and precise tumor cell degradation, offering a breakthrough in GBM treatment. Additionally, the review explores noncoding RNAs classification and characteristics, highlighting their role in GBM pathogenesis. Advanced technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), locked nucleic acids (LNAs), and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) show potential in targeting noncoding RNAs therapeutically, paving the way for precision medicine in GBM. This synergistic combination presents an innovative approach with the potential to advance cancer therapy in the challenging landscape of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandhanam
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Manasa
- Department of Pharmacology, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy 502294, Telangana, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury University-Tezpur Campus, 784501 Assam, India
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Lan G, Wu X, Zhao A, Lan J, Guo Q, Wang B, Shen F, Yu X, Zhao Y, Gao R, Xu T. The miR-146b-3p/TNFAIP2 axis regulates cell differentiation in acute myeloid leukaemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1496-1515. [PMID: 38271140 PMCID: PMC10866442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Our purpose is to verify that miR-146b-3p targets the downstream transcript TNFAIP2 in order to reveal the machinery underlying the miR-146b-3p/TNFAIP2 axis regulating acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) differentiation. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using multiple databases and R packages. The CD11b+ and CD14+ cell frequencies were detected using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The TNFAIP2 protein expression was evaluated using western blotting, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The qRT-PCR was conducted to detect the expression of TNFAIP2 and miR-146b-3p. TNFAIP2 and its correlated genes were enriched in multiple cell differentiation pathways. TNFAIP2 was upregulated upon leukaemic cell differentiation. miR-146b-3p directly targeted TNFAIP2, resulting in a decrease in TNFAIP2 expression. Forced expression of TNFAIP2 or knockdown of miR-146b-3p significantly induced the differentiation of MOLM-13 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that TNFAIP2 is a critical driver in inducing differentiation and that the miR-146b-3p/TNFAIP2 axis involves in regulating cell differentiation in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochen Lan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiyue Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Lan
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiusheng Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Bolin Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Shen
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianwen Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Behrooz AB, Latifi-Navid H, Nezhadi A, Świat M, Los M, Jamalpoor Z, Ghavami S. Molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119482. [PMID: 37146725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is human's most prevalent and severe brain cancer. Epigenetic regulators, micro(mi)RNAs, significantly impact cellular health and disease because of their wide range of targets and functions. The "epigenetic symphony" in which miRNAs perform is responsible for orchestrating the transcription of genetic information. The discovery of regulatory miRNA activities in GBM biology has shown that various miRNAs play a vital role in disease onset and development. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the interactions between miRNAs and molecular mechanisms commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis. Moreover, by literature review and reconstruction of the GBM gene regulatory network, we uncovered the connection between miRNAs and critical signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, invasion, and cell death, which provides promising hints for identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. In addition, the role of miRNAs in GBM patient survival was investigated. The present review, which contains new analyses of the previous literature, may lead to new avenues to explore in the future for the development of multitargeted miRNA-based therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Świat
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Ghantasala S, Bhat A, Agarwal U, Biswas D, Bhattarai P, Epari S, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. Deep proteome investigation of high-grade gliomas reveals heterogeneity driving differential metabolism of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad065. [PMID: 37358939 PMCID: PMC10290514 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as adjunct for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) has been on the rise in recent years. Despite being largely effective, we observed multiple histologically similar sub-regions of the same tumor from a few individuals with varying protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) levels. The current study aims at understanding the proteomic changes driving differential metabolism of 5-ALA in HGGs. Methods Biopsies were histologically and biochemically assayed. Following this, a deep proteomics investigation was carried out using high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR LC-MS) to identify protein expression in differentially fluorescing regions of HGGs. Results Our analysis identified 5437 proteins with high confidence. Differential analysis in the subgroup with HGGs carrying IDH mutation (IDH mt.) revealed 93 differentially regulated proteins (raw p-value ≤ 0.05 and absolute FC ≥ 1.5). Similar analysis in the IDH wild type (IDH wt.) subgroup revealed 20 differentially regulated proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified key pathways like ion channel transport, trafficking of AMPA receptors, and regulation of heme-oxygenase-1 in the IDH wt. subgroup. Pathways such as scavenging of heme, signaling by NOTCH4, negative regulation of PI3-AKT pathway, and iron uptake and transport were observed to be differentially regulated in the IDH mt. subgroup. Conclusions Tumor regions from the same patient exhibiting differential fluorescence following 5-ALA administration were observed to have different proteome profiles. Future studies aimed at a better molecular understanding of 5-ALA metabolism in HGGs hold the potential to increase the efficacy of FGS and the use of 5-ALA as a theragnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saicharan Ghantasala
- Centre for Research in Nano Technology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amruth Bhat
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Unnati Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Deeptarup Biswas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Prawesh Bhattarai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre’s—Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre’s—Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Corresponding Author: Sanjeeva Srivastava, PhD, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India ()
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The Role of microRNAs in Multidrug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133217. [PMID: 35804989 PMCID: PMC9265057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumor which accounts for more than 60% of all brain tumors in adults. Owing to poor prognosis and drug resistance of most GBM, it is urged to further develop the diagnosis and treatment strategies. The aim of this article is to highlight the roles of some functional microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant GBM. Besides, we suggest effective treatment strategies based on the expression profiles of these effective miRNAs to provide an alternative solution to deal with this cancer. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that develops from neuroglial stem cells and represents a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These tumors are predominantly correlated with a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life. In spite of major advances in developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma, multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered to be the major reason for treatment failure. Several mechanisms contribute to MDR in GBM, including upregulation of MDR transporters, alterations in the metabolism of drugs, dysregulation of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs that participate in various cell events, including the mechanisms causing MDR in glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the underlying mechanisms in MDR glioblastoma which will open up new avenues of inquiry for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Litak J, Grajkowska W, Bogucki J, Kowalczyk P, Petniak A, Podkowiński A, Szumiło J, Kocki J, Roliński J, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Roszkowski M, Grochowski C. PD-L1/miR-155 Interplay in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030324. [PMID: 35326280 PMCID: PMC8946275 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade pediatric glioma (p-HGG—WHO 2021, formerly GBM—WHO 2016), as a common, aggressive, and highly lethal primary brain malignancy in adults, accounts for only 3–15% of primary brain tumors in pediatric patients. After leukemia, brain malignancies are the second most common in the pediatric population and first in incidences concerning solid tumors. This study was designed on the basis of 14 pediatric patients hospitalized at Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland, due to p-HGG treatment. All the patients had a histopathological diagnosis performed by an experienced neuropathologist according to WHO guidelines (WHO 2016 Grade IV Glioblastoma). A significant correlation was found between the miR-155 concentration and the level of PD-L1 expression in p-HGG tumor tissue. Very few reports have indicated PD-L1 expression in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Alicja Petniak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.K.)
| | | | - Justyna Szumiło
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | | | - Marcin Roszkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Mazurek M, Szczepanek D, Orzyłowska A, Rola R. Analysis of Factors Affecting 5-ALA Fluorescence Intensity in Visualizing Glial Tumor Cells-Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020926. [PMID: 35055109 PMCID: PMC8779265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the literature, maximal tumor resection is a key element in improving therapeutic outcome. One of the methods to achieve it is the use of fluorescent intraoperative navigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Unfortunately, often the level of fluorescence emitted is not satisfactory, resulting in difficulties in the course of surgery. This article summarizes currently available knowledge regarding differences in the level of emitted fluorescence. It may depend on both the histological type and the genetic profile of the tumor, which is reflected in the activity and expression of enzymes involved in the intracellular metabolism of fluorescent dyes, such as PBGD, FECH, UROS, and ALAS. The transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its metabolites across the blood–brain barrier and cell membranes mediated by transporters, such as ABCB6 and ABCG2, is also important. Accompanying therapies, such as antiepileptic drugs or steroids, also have an impact on light emission by tumor cells. Accurate determination of the factors influencing the fluorescence of 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated cells may contribute to the improvement of fluorescence navigation in patients with highly malignant gliomas.
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Wang T, Mao P, Feng Y, Cui B, Zhang B, Chen C, Xu M, Gao K. Blocking hsa_circ_0006168 suppresses cell proliferation and motility of human glioblastoma cells by regulating hsa_circ_0006168/miR-628-5p/IGF1R ceRNA axis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1181-1194. [PMID: 34024251 PMCID: PMC8265815 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1930357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND hsa_circ_0006168 is an oncogenic circular RNA in esophageal cancer. However, its role remains unclarified in tumor progression of gliomas, especially in glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay, transwell assays, western blotting, and xenograft experiment, as well as colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell proliferation and motility. Expression of hsa_circ_0006168, microRNA (miR)-628-3p, insulin‑like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and Ras/extracellular signal regulated kinases (Erk)-related proteins were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The physical interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS hsa_circ_0006168 and IGF1R were upregulated, and miR-628-5p was downregulated in human GBM tissues and cells. Functionally, blocking hsa_circ_0006168 and overexpressing miR-628-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression of Vimentin and Snail (mesenchymal markers) in A172 and LN229 cells, accompanied with increased E-cadherin (epithelial marker), decreased colony formation, and promoted apoptosis rate. Silencing miR-628-5p counteracted the suppression of hsa_circ_0006168 deficiency on these behaviors, and restoring IGF1R blocked miR-628-5p-mediated inhibition as well. More importantly, hsa_circ_0006168 knockdown could delay xenograft tumor growth in vivo and lower Ras and phosphorylated Erk1/2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, hsa_circ_0006168 targeted and sponged miR-628-5p, and IFG1R was a novel target for miR-628-5p. Inhibiting miR-628-5p could abrogate in vitro role of hsa_circ_0006168 knockdown, and similarly IGF1R upregulation counteracted miR-628-5p role. CONCLUSION Silencing hsa_circ_0006168 might suppress GBM proliferation and motility via serving as competitive endogenous RNA for miR-628-5p and regulating IGF1R/Ras/Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hancheng People's Hospital, Weinan, Shannxi, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bao Ji Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mianxian Hospital, Mianxian, Shannxi, China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xixiang, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
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Chen Q, Wang W, Chen S, Chen X, Lin Y. miR-29a sensitizes the response of glioma cells to temozolomide by modulating the P53/MDM2 feedback loop. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:21. [PMID: 34044759 PMCID: PMC8161631 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, pivotal functions of miRNAs in regulating common tumorigenic processes and manipulating signaling pathways in brain tumors have been recognized; notably, miR‐29a is closely associated with p53 signaling, contributing to the development of glioma. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between miR-29a and p53 signaling is still to be revealed. Herein, a total of 30 glioma tissues and 10 non-cancerous tissues were used to investigate the expression of miR‐29a. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were applied to identify the effects of miR-29a altered expression on the malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells in vitro, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to further validate the regulatory effect of p53 or miR-29a on miR-29a or MDM2, respectively, at the transcriptional level. The results showed that miR-29a expression negatively correlated with tumor grade of human gliomas; at the same time it inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-29a expression was induced by p53, leading to aberrant expression of MDM2 targeted by miR-29a, and finally imbalanced the activity of the p53-miR-29a-MDM2 feedback loop. Moreover, miR-29a regulating p53/MDM2 signaling sensitized the response of glioma cells to temozolomide treatment. Altogether, the study demonstrated a potential molecular mechanism in the tumorigenesis of glioma, while offering a possible target for treating human glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudan Chen
- The Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China.
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11
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Géczi D, Nagy B, Szilágyi M, Penyige A, Klekner Á, Jenei A, Virga J, Birkó Z. Analysis of Circulating miRNA Profile in Plasma Samples of Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105058. [PMID: 34064637 PMCID: PMC8151942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. Treatment options are limited, clinicians lack efficient prognostic and predictive markers. Circulating miRNAs—besides being important regulators of cancer development—may have potential as diagnostic biomarkers of GBM. (2) Methods: In this study, profiling of 798 human miRNAs was performed on blood plasma samples from 6 healthy individuals and 6 patients with GBM, using a NanoString nCounter Analysis System. To validate our results, five miRNAs (hsa-miR-433-3p, hsa-miR-362-3p, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, and hsa-miR-29a-3p) were randomly chosen for RT-qPCR detection. (3) Results: In all, 53 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in plasma samples of GBM patients when data were filtered for FC 1 and FDR 0.1. Target genes of the top 39 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and we carried out functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of target genes via GO and KEGG-based tools. General and cortex-specific protein–protein interaction networks were constructed from the target genes of top miRNAs to assess their functional connections. (4) Conclusions: We demonstrated that plasma microRNA profiles are promising diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers that may find an actual application in the clinical practice of GBM, although more studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Géczi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.G.); (B.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.G.); (B.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Melinda Szilágyi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.G.); (B.N.); (M.S.)
| | - András Penyige
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Adrienn Jenei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.); (A.J.)
| | - József Virga
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Birkó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Abedalthagafi M, Mobark N, Al-Rashed M, AlHarbi M. Epigenomics and immunotherapeutic advances in pediatric brain tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:34. [PMID: 33931704 PMCID: PMC8087701 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths. Similar to adult brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors are classified based on histopathological evaluations. However, pediatric brain tumors are often histologically inconsistent with adult brain tumors. Recent research findings from molecular genetic analyses have revealed molecular and genetic changes in pediatric tumors that are necessary for appropriate classification to avoid misdiagnosis, the development of treatment modalities, and the clinical management of tumors. As many of the molecular-based therapies developed from clinical trials on adults are not always effective against pediatric brain tumors, recent advances have improved our understanding of the molecular profiles of pediatric brain tumors and have led to novel epigenetic and immunotherapeutic treatment approaches currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we focus on primary malignant brain tumors in children and genetic, epigenetic, and molecular characteristics that differentiate them from brain tumors in adults. The comparison of pediatric and adult brain tumors highlights the need for treatments designed specifically for pediatric brain tumors. We also discuss the advancements in novel molecularly targeted drugs and how they are being integrated with standard therapy to improve the classification and outcomes of pediatric brain tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Abedalthagafi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nahla Mobark
- Department of Paediatric Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Al-Rashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa AlHarbi
- Department of Paediatric Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Simone V, Rizzo D, Cocciolo A, Caroleo AM, Carai A, Mastronuzzi A, Tornesello A. Infantile Brain Tumors: A Review of Literature and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040670. [PMID: 33917833 PMCID: PMC8068230 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors in infants including those diagnosed in fetal age, newborns and under a year old represent less than 10% of pediatric nervous system tumors and present differently when compared with older children in terms of clinical traits, location and histology. The most frequent clinical finding is a macrocephaly but non-specific symptoms can also be associated. The prognosis is usually poor and depends on several factors. Surgery continues to be the main option in terms of therapeutic strategies whereas the role of chemotherapy is not yet well defined and radiotherapy is exceptionally undertaken. In view of this situation, a molecular characterization could assist in providing therapeutic options for these tumors. This review highlights the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors in infants with a particular focus on the molecular landscape and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Simone
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Rizzo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Cocciolo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Caroleo
- Department of Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Assunta Tornesello
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (A.T.)
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14
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Schnabel E, Knoll M, Schwager C, Warta R, Mock A, Campos B, König L, Jungk C, Wick W, Unterberg A, Debus J, Herold-Mende C, Abdollahi A. Prognostic Value of microRNA-221/2 and 17-92 Families in Primary Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Postoperative Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062960. [PMID: 33803955 PMCID: PMC7998975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding master regulators of transcriptome that could act as tumor suppressors (TSs) or oncogenes (oncomiRs). We aimed to systematically investigate the relevance of miRs as prognostic biomarkers in primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with postoperative radio(chemo)therapy (PORT). For hypothesis generation, tumor miR expression by Agilent 8x15K human microRNA microarrays and survival data from 482 GBM patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort) were analyzed using Cox-PH models. Expression of candidate miRs with prognostic relevance (miR-221/222; miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-19b) was validated by qRT-PCR using Taqman technology on an independent validation cohort of GBM patients (n = 109) treated at Heidelberg University Hospital (HD cohort). In TCGA, 50 miRs showed significant association with survival. Among the top ranked prognostic miRs were members of the two miR families miR-221/222 and miR-17-92. Loss of miR-221/222 was correlated with improved prognosis in both cohorts (TCGA, HD) and was an independent prognostic marker in a multivariate analysis considering demographic characteristics (age, sex, Karnofsky performance index (KPI)), molecular markers (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, IDH mutation status) and PORT as co-variables. The prognostic value of miR-17-92 family members was ambiguous and in part contradictory by direct comparison of the two cohorts, thus warranting further validation in larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schnabel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Knoll
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schwager
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Warta
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Andreas Mock
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Department of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Campos
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Laila König
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Jungk
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030481. [PMID: 33803216 PMCID: PMC8000899 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative process occurring in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and cell survival. After stressful conditions including nutrient deprivation, hypoxia or drugs administration, autophagy is induced to counteract pathways that could lead to cell death. In cancer, autophagy plays a paradoxical role, acting both as tumour suppressor—by cleaning cells from damaged organelles and inhibiting inflammation or, alternatively, by promoting genomic stability and tumour adaptive response—or as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cells from stresses such as chemotherapy. Neural-derived paediatric solid tumours represent a variety of childhood cancers with unique anatomical location, cellular origins, and clinical presentation. These tumours are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children and new molecular diagnostics and therapies are necessary for longer survival and reduced morbidity. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how autophagy modulation exhibits antitumor properties in experimental models of paediatric brain tumours, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), paediatric low-grade and high-grade gliomas (LGGs, HGGs), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs), and retinoblastoma (RB). We also discuss clinical perspectives to consider how targeting autophagy may be relevant in these specific paediatric tumours.
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Litak J, Grajkowska W, Szumiło J, Krukow P, Maciejewski R, Roliński J, Grochowski C. PD-L1 Expression Correlated with p53 Expression in Pediatric Glioblastoma Multiforme. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020262. [PMID: 33669639 PMCID: PMC7923158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are infrequent in the pediatric population compared to adults, nevertheless, mortality and morbidity caused by malignant gliomas in this group of patients remain significant. PD-L1 and PD-1 Immune checkpoints (IC) molecules maintain immunological balance between activation and suppression. Eighteen patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO IV) were studied. In total, PD-L1 expression was detected in 8 patients (44%). The molecular aspect of IC and immunotherapy targeted on PD-1/PD-L1 axis in pediatric population may be a promising adjuvant therapy in pediatric glioblastoma multiform treatment, however, this subject requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Szumiło
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (C.G.)
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Disruption of the Complex between GAPDH and Hsp70 Sensitizes C6 Glioblastoma Cells to Hypoxic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041520. [PMID: 33546324 PMCID: PMC7913589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, which commonly accompanies tumor growth, depending on its strength may cause the enhancement of tumorigenicity of cancer cells or their death. One of the proteins targeted by hypoxia is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and we demonstrated here that hypoxia mimicked by treating C6 rat glioblastoma cells with cobalt chloride caused an up-regulation of the enzyme expression, while further elevation of hypoxic stress caused the enzyme aggregation concomitantly with cell death. Reduction or elevation of GAPDH performed with the aid of specific shRNAs resulted in the augmentation of the tumorigenicity of C6 cells or their sensitization to hypoxic stress. Another hypoxia-regulated protein, Hsp70 chaperone, was shown to prevent the aggregation of oxidized GAPDH and to reduce hypoxia-mediated cell death. In order to release the enzyme molecules from the chaperone, we employed its inhibitor, derivative of colchicine. The compound was found to substantially increase aggregation of GAPDH and to sensitize C6 cells to hypoxia both in vitro and in animals bearing tumors with distinct levels of the enzyme expression. In conclusion, blocking the chaperonic activity of Hsp70 and its interaction with GAPDH may become a promising strategy to overcome tumor resistance to multiple environmental stresses and enhance existing therapeutic tools.
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mRNA and miRNA Expression Analyses of the MYC/ E2F/miR-17-92 Network in the Most Common Pediatric Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020543. [PMID: 33430425 PMCID: PMC7827072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous molecular factors disrupt the correctness of the cell cycle process leading to the development of cancer due to increased cell proliferation. Among known causative factors of such process is abnormal gene expression. Nowadays in the light of current knowledge such alterations are frequently considered in the context of mRNA–miRNA correlation. One of the molecular factors with potential value in tumorigenesis is the feedback loop between MYC and E2F genes in which miR-17-5p and miR-20a from the miR-17-92 cluster are involved. The current literature shows that overexpression of the members of the OncomiR-1 are involved in the development of many solid tumors. In the present work, we investigated the expression of components of the MYC/E2F/miR-17-92 network and their closely related elements including members of MYC and E2F families and miRNAs from two paralogs of miR-17-92: miR-106b-25 and miR-106a-363, in the most common brain tumors of childhood, pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), WHO grade 1; ependymoma (EP), WHO grade 2; and medulloblastoma (MB), WHO grade 4. We showed that the highest gene expression was observed in the MYC family for MYCN and in the E2F family for E2F2. Positive correlation was observed between the gene expression and tumor grade and type, with the highest expression being noted for medulloblastomas, followed by ependymomas, and the lowest for pilocytic astrocytomas. Most members of miR-17-92, miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25 clusters were upregulated and the highest expression was noted for miR-18a and miR-18b. The rest of the miRNAs, including miR-19a, miR-92a, miR-106a, miR-93, or miR-25 also showed high values. miR-17-5p, miR-20a obtained a high level of expression in medulloblastomas and ependymomas, while close to the control in the pilocytic astrocytoma samples. miRNA expression also depended on tumor grade and histology.
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Mazurek M, Kulesza B, Stoma F, Osuchowski J, Mańdziuk S, Rola R. Characteristics of Fluorescent Intraoperative Dyes Helpful in Gross Total Resection of High-Grade Gliomas-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121100. [PMID: 33339439 PMCID: PMC7766001 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A very important aspect in the treatment of high-grade glioma is gross total resection to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. One of the methods to facilitate this task is intraoperative fluorescence navigation. The aim of the study was to compare the dyes used in this technique fluorescent intraoperative navigation in terms of the mechanism of action and influence on the treatment of patients. Methods: The review was carried out on the basis of articles found in PubMed, Google Scholar, and BMC search engines, as well as those identified by searched bibliographies and suggested by experts during the preparation of the article. The database analysis was performed for the following phrases: "glioma", "glioblastoma", "ALA", "5ALA", "5-ALA", "aminolevulinic acid", "levulinic acid", "fluorescein", "ICG", "indocyanine green", and "fluorescence navigation". Results: After analyzing 913 citations identified on the basis of the search criteria, we included 36 studies in the review. On the basis of the analyzed articles, we found that 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein are highly effective in improving the percentage of gross total resection achieved in high-grade glioma surgery. At the same time, the limitations resulting from the use of these methods are marked-higher costs of the procedure and the need to have neurosurgical microscope in combination with a special light filter in the case of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), and low specificity for neoplastic cells and the dependence on the degree of damage to the blood-brain barrier in the intensity of fluorescence in the case of fluorescein. The use of indocyanine green in the visualization of glioma cells is relatively unknown, but some researchers have suggested its utility and the benefits of using it simultaneously with other dyes. Conclusion: The use of intraoperative fluorescence navigation with the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein allows the range of high-grade glioma resection to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (B.K.); Tel.: +48-81-724-48-51 (M.M.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (B.K.); Tel.: +48-81-724-48-51 (M.M.)
| | - Filip Stoma
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Jacek Osuchowski
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Sławomir Mańdziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (F.S.); (J.O.); (R.R.)
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