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Tang X, Zheng N, Lin Q, You Y, Gong Z, Zhuang Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Huang H, Ke J, Chen F. Hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect neurons from cardiac arrest-induced pyroptosis. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1103-1123. [PMID: 38845218 PMCID: PMC11438345 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00027/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff Cardiac arrest can lead to severe neurological impairment as a result of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation neurological damage. Hypoxic preconditioning has been shown to improve migration and survival of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and reduce pyroptosis after cardiac arrest, but the specific mechanisms by which hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against brain injury after cardiac arrest are unknown. To this end, we established an in vitro co-culture model of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and oxygen-glucose deprived primary neurons and found that hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the protective effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells against neuronal pyroptosis, possibly through inhibition of the MAPK and nuclear factor κB pathways. Subsequently, we transplanted hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle after the return of spontaneous circulation in an 8-minute cardiac arrest rat model induced by asphyxia. The results showed that hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduced cardiac arrest-induced neuronal pyroptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, whereas knockdown of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibited these effects. To conclude, hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising therapeutic approach for neuronal injury following cardiac arrest, and their beneficial effects are potentially associated with increased expression of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase following hypoxic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahong Tang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qingming Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan You
- The Second Department of Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yangping Zhuang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Zhang H, Ren X, Wu C, He X, Huang Z, Li Y, Liao L, Xiang J, Li M, Wu L. Intracellular calcium dysregulation in heart and brain diseases: Insights from induced pluripotent stem cell studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024:nlae078. [PMID: 39001792 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) plays a role in regulating heart rate and myocardial contractility through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and the heart can impact the functional equilibrium of the CNS through feedback signals. Although heart and brain diseases often coexist and mutually influence each other, the potential links between heart and brain diseases remain unclear due to a lack of reliable models of these relationships. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can differentiate into multiple functional cell types, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine may offer tools to clarify the mechanisms of these relationships and facilitate screening of effective therapeutic agents. Because calcium ions play essential roles in regulating both the cardiovascular and nervous systems, this review addresses how recent iPSC disease models reveal how dysregulation of intracellular calcium might be a common pathological factor underlying the relationships between heart and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueming Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinsen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengxuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Coronel R, García-Moreno E, Siendones E, Barrero MJ, Martínez-Delgado B, Santos-Ocaña C, Liste I, Cascajo-Almenara MV. Brain organoid as a model to study the role of mitochondria in neurodevelopmental disorders: achievements and weaknesses. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1403734. [PMID: 38978706 PMCID: PMC11228165 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1403734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of severe pathologies that cause complex neurodegenerative disorders for which, in most cases, no therapy or treatment is available. These organelles are critical regulators of both neurogenesis and homeostasis of the neurological system. Consequently, mitochondrial damage or dysfunction can occur as a cause or consequence of neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. As genetic knowledge of neurodevelopmental disorders advances, associations have been identified between genes that encode mitochondrial proteins and neurological symptoms, such as neuropathy, encephalomyopathy, ataxia, seizures, and developmental delays, among others. Understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction can alter these processes is essential in researching rare diseases. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, which self-assemble to form specialized structures composed of different cell types, represent an accessible manner to model organogenesis and neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, brain organoids are revolutionizing the study of mitochondrial-based neurological diseases since they are organ-specific and model-generated from a patient's cell, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional animal and cell models. In this review, we have collected which neurological structures and functions recapitulate in the different types of reported brain organoids, focusing on those generated as models of mitochondrial diseases. In addition to advancements in the generation of brain organoids, techniques, and approaches for studying neuronal structures and physiology, drug screening and drug repositioning studies performed in brain organoids with mitochondrial damage and neurodevelopmental disorders have also been reviewed. This scope review will summarize the evidence on limitations in studying the function and dynamics of mitochondria in brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Coronel
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Functional Unit for Research on Chronic Diseases (UFIEC), National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá (UAH), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Moreno
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, CIBERER, National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Pablo de Olavide University-CSIC-JA, Seville, Spain
| | - Emilio Siendones
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, CIBERER, National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Pablo de Olavide University-CSIC-JA, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria J. Barrero
- Models and Mechanisms Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, CIBERER, National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Pablo de Olavide University-CSIC-JA, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Functional Unit for Research on Chronic Diseases (UFIEC), National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. V. Cascajo-Almenara
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, CIBERER, National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Pablo de Olavide University-CSIC-JA, Seville, Spain
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Gélinas R, Lévesque C, Thompson Legault J, Rivard ME, Villeneuve L, Laprise C, Rioux JD. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived cells reflect tissue specificity found in patients with Leigh syndrome French Canadian variant (LSFC). Front Genet 2024; 15:1375467. [PMID: 38706791 PMCID: PMC11066297 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1375467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome French Canadian type (LSFC) is a recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tissue-specific deficiency in cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the fourth complex in the oxidative phosphorylation system. LSFC is caused by mutations in the leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing gene (LRPPRC). Most LSFC patients in Quebec are homozygous for an A354V substitution that causes a decrease in the expression of the LRPPRC protein. While LRPPRC is ubiquitously expressed and is involved in multiple cellular functions, tissue-specific expression of LRPPRC and COX activity is correlated with clinical features. In this proof-of-principle study, we developed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models from fibroblasts taken from a patient with LSFC, homozygous for the LRPPRC*354V allele, and from a control, homozygous for the LRPPRC*A354 allele. Specifically, for both of these fibroblast lines we generated hiPSC, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and hepatocyte-like cell (hiPSC-HLCs) lines, as well as the three germ layers. We observed that LRPPRC protein expression is reduced in all cell lines/layers derived from LSFC patient compared to control cells, with a reduction ranging from ∼70% in hiPSC-CMs to undetectable levels in hiPSC-HLC, reflecting tissue heterogeneity observed in patient tissues. We next performed exploratory analyses of these cell lines and observed that COX protein expression was reduced in all cell lines derived from LSFC patient compared to control cells. We also observed that mutant LRPPRC was associated with altered expression of key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress response in hiPSC-HLCs but not in other cell types that were tested. While this demonstrates feasibility of the approach to experimentally study genotype-based differences that have tissue-specific impacts, this study will need to be extended to a larger number of patients and controls to not only validate the current observations but also to delve more deeply in the pathogenic mechanisms of LSFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John D. Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sonsalla G, Malpartida AB, Riedemann T, Gusic M, Rusha E, Bulli G, Najas S, Janjic A, Hersbach BA, Smialowski P, Drukker M, Enard W, Prehn JHM, Prokisch H, Götz M, Masserdotti G. Direct neuronal reprogramming of NDUFS4 patient cells identifies the unfolded protein response as a novel general reprogramming hurdle. Neuron 2024; 112:1117-1132.e9. [PMID: 38266647 PMCID: PMC10994141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria account for essential cellular pathways, from ATP production to nucleotide metabolism, and their deficits lead to neurological disorders and contribute to the onset of age-related diseases. Direct neuronal reprogramming aims at replacing neurons lost in such conditions, but very little is known about the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the direct reprogramming of human cells. Here, we explore the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on the neuronal reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes carrying mutations in the NDUFS4 gene, important for Complex I and associated with Leigh syndrome. This led to the identification of the unfolded protein response as a major hurdle in the direct neuronal conversion of not only astrocytes and fibroblasts from patients but also control human astrocytes and fibroblasts. Its transient inhibition potently improves reprogramming by influencing the mitochondria-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-mediated pathways. Taken together, disease modeling using patient cells unraveled novel general hurdles and ways to overcome these in human astrocyte-to-neuron reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sonsalla
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, BMC, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | - Ana Belen Malpartida
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Molecular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Therese Riedemann
- Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Mirjana Gusic
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ejona Rusha
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Giorgia Bulli
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, BMC, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | - Sonia Najas
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Aleks Janjic
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Bob A Hersbach
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, BMC, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | - Pawel Smialowski
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Bioinformatic Core Facility, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Micha Drukker
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Gorlaeus Building, 2333 CC RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology (SYNERGY), Munich, Germany.
| | - Giacomo Masserdotti
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Genomics, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany.
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Chen C, Guan MX. Induced pluripotent stem cells: ex vivo models for human diseases due to mitochondrial DNA mutations. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:82. [PMID: 37737178 PMCID: PMC10515435 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular metabolism and physiology in eukaryotic cells. Human mitochondria have their own genome (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited with 37 genes, encoding 13 polypeptides for oxidative phosphorylation, and 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs for translation. mtDNA mutations are associated with a wide spectrum of degenerative and neuromuscular diseases. However, the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases, especially for threshold effect and tissue specificity, is not well understood and there is no effective treatment for these disorders. Especially, the lack of appropriate cell and animal disease models has been significant obstacles for deep elucidating the pathophysiology of maternally transmitted diseases and developing the effective therapy approach. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients to obtain terminally differentiated specific lineages such as inner ear hair cells is a revolutionary approach to deeply understand pathogenic mechanisms and develop the therapeutic interventions of mitochondrial disorders. Here, we review the recent advances in patients-derived iPSCs as ex vivo models for mitochondrial diseases. Those patients-derived iPSCs have been differentiated into specific targeting cells such as retinal ganglion cells and eventually organoid for the disease modeling. These disease models have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of maternally inherited diseases and stepped toward therapeutic interventions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Cerrada V, García-Consuegra I, Arenas J, Gallardo ME. Creation of an iPSC-Based Skeletal Muscle Model of McArdle Disease Harbouring the Mutation c.2392T>C (p.Trp798Arg) in the PYGM Gene. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2434. [PMID: 37760875 PMCID: PMC10525199 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in the PYGM gene. This gene encodes the skeletal muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase or myophosphorylase. Patients with McArdle disease have an inability to obtain energy from their muscle glycogen stores, which manifests as a marked exercise intolerance. Nowadays, there is no cure for this disorder and recommendations are intended to prevent and mitigate symptoms. There is great heterogeneity among the pathogenic variants found in the PYGM gene, and there is no obvious correlation between genotypes and phenotypes. Here, we present the generation of the first human iPSC-based skeletal muscle model harbouring the second most frequent mutation in PYGM in the Spanish population: NM_005609.4: c.2392T>C (p.Trp798Arg). To this end, iPSCs derived from a McArdle patient and a healthy control were both successfully differentiated into skeletal muscle cells using a small molecule-based protocol. The created McArdle skeletal muscle model was validated by confirming distinctive biochemical aspects of the disease such as the absence of myophosphorylase, the most typical biochemical feature of these patients. This model will be very valuable for use in future high-throughput pharmacological screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cerrada
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con Células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Esther Gallardo
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con Células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Tolle I, Tiranti V, Prigione A. Modeling mitochondrial DNA diseases: from base editing to pluripotent stem-cell-derived organoids. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55678. [PMID: 36876467 PMCID: PMC10074100 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases are multi-systemic disorders caused by mutations affecting a fraction or the entirety of mtDNA copies. Currently, there are no approved therapies for the majority of mtDNA diseases. Challenges associated with engineering mtDNA have in fact hindered the study of mtDNA defects. Despite these difficulties, it has been possible to develop valuable cellular and animal models of mtDNA diseases. Here, we describe recent advances in base editing of mtDNA and the generation of three-dimensional organoids from patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Together with already available modeling tools, the combination of these novel technologies could allow determining the impact of specific mtDNA mutations in distinct human cell types and might help uncover how mtDNA mutation load segregates during tissue organization. iPSC-derived organoids could also represent a platform for the identification of treatment strategies and for probing the in vitro effectiveness of mtDNA gene therapies. These studies have the potential to increase our mechanistic understanding of mtDNA diseases and may open the way to highly needed and personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Tolle
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Wahedi A, Soondram C, Murphy AE, Skene N, Rahman S. Transcriptomic analyses reveal neuronal specificity of Leigh syndrome associated genes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:243-260. [PMID: 36502462 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, inherited, complex neurometabolic disorder with genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Features present in affected patients range from classical stepwise developmental regression to ataxia, seizures, tremor, and occasionally psychiatric manifestations. Currently, more than 100 monogenic causes of Leigh syndrome have been identified, yet the pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine the cellular specificity within the brain of all genes currently associated with Leigh syndrome. Further, we aimed to investigate potential genetic commonalities between Leigh syndrome and other disorders with overlapping clinical features. Enrichment of our target genes within the brain was evaluated with co-expression (CoExp) network analyses constructed using existing UK Brain Expression Consortium data. To determine the cellular specificity of the Leigh associated genes, we employed expression weighted cell type enrichment (EWCE) analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data. Finally, CoExp network modules demonstrating enrichment of Leigh syndrome associated genes were then utilised for synaptic gene ontology analysis and heritability analysis. CoExp network analyses revealed that Leigh syndrome associated genes exhibit the highest levels of expression in brain regions most affected on MRI in affected patients. EWCE revealed significant enrichment of target genes in hippocampal and somatosensory pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the brain. Analysis of CoExp modules enriched with our target genes revealed preferential association with pre-synaptic structures. Heritability studies suggested some common enrichment between Leigh syndrome and Parkinson disease and epilepsy. Our findings suggest a primary mitochondrial dysfunction as the underlying basis of Leigh syndrome, with associated genes primarily expressed in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizia Wahedi
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chandika Soondram
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan E Murphy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Skene
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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10
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Kidere D, Zayakin P, Livcane D, Makrecka-Kuka M, Stavusis J, Lace B, Lin TK, Liou CW, Inashkina I. Impact of the m.13513G>A Variant on the Functions of the OXPHOS System and Cell Retrograde Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1794-1809. [PMID: 36975485 PMCID: PMC10047405 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in many vital functions in living cells, including the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and regulation of nuclear gene expression through retrograde signaling. Leigh syndrome is a heterogeneous neurological disorder resulting from an isolated complex I deficiency that causes damage to mitochondrial energy production. The pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant m.13513G>A has been associated with Leigh syndrome. The present study investigated the effects of this mtDNA variant on the OXPHOS system and cell retrograde signaling. Transmitochondrial cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines harboring 50% and 70% of the m.13513G>A variant were generated and tested along with wild-type (WT) cells. The functionality of the OXPHOS system was evaluated by spectrophotometric assessment of enzyme activity and high-resolution respirometry. Nuclear gene expression was investigated by RNA sequencing and droplet digital PCR. Increasing levels of heteroplasmy were associated with reduced OXPHOS system complex I, IV, and I + III activities, and high-resolution respirometry also showed a complex I defect. Profound changes in transcription levels of nuclear genes were observed in the cell lines harboring the pathogenic mtDNA variant, indicating the physiological processes associated with defective mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kidere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Diana Livcane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Stavusis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Lace
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Creation of Mitochondrial Disease Models Using Mitochondrial DNA Editing. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020532. [PMID: 36831068 PMCID: PMC9953118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a large class of human hereditary diseases, accompanied by the dysfunction of mitochondria and the disruption of cellular energy synthesis, that affect various tissues and organ systems. Mitochondrial DNA mutation-caused disorders are difficult to study because of the insufficient number of clinical cases and the challenges of creating appropriate models. There are many cellular models of mitochondrial diseases, but their application has a number of limitations. The most proper and promising models of mitochondrial diseases are animal models, which, unfortunately, are quite rare and more difficult to develop. The challenges mainly arise from the structural features of mitochondria, which complicate the genetic editing of mitochondrial DNA. This review is devoted to discussing animal models of human mitochondrial diseases and recently developed approaches used to create them. Furthermore, this review discusses mitochondrial diseases and studies of metabolic disorders caused by the mitochondrial DNA mutations underlying these diseases.
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12
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Patient-Specific iPSCs-Based Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Aberrant Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020624. [PMID: 35054808 PMCID: PMC8776084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cell reprogramming technologies became a breakthrough in the creation of new models of human diseases, including neurodegenerative pathologies. The iPSCs-based models allow for the studying of both hereditary and sporadic cases of pathologies and produce deep insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. The use of the cells most vulnerable to a particular pathology makes it possible to identify specific pathological mechanisms and greatly facilitates the task of selecting the most effective drugs. To date, a large number of studies on patient-specific models of neurodegenerative diseases has been accumulated. In this review, we focused on the alterations of such a ubiquitous and important intracellular regulatory pathway as calcium signaling. Here, we reviewed and analyzed the data obtained from iPSCs-based models of different neurodegenerative disorders that demonstrated aberrant calcium signaling.
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13
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Meshrkey F, Cabrera Ayuso A, Rao RR, Iyer S. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial morphologies in human induced pluripotent stem cells for Leigh syndrome. Stem Cell Res 2021; 57:102572. [PMID: 34662843 PMCID: PMC10332439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with wide range of morphologies contributing to regulating different signaling pathways and several cellular functions. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a classic pediatric mitochondrial disorder characterized by complex and variable clinical pathologies, and primarily affects the nervous system during early development. It is important to understand the differences between mitochondrial morphologies in healthy and diseased states so that focused therapies can target the disease during its early stages. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in five patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) containing different mutations associated with LS. Our results suggest that subtle alterations in mitochondrial morphologies are specific to the mtDNA variant. Three out of the five LS-hiPSCs exhibited characteristics consistent with fused mitochondria. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that quantifies mitochondrial dynamics in hiPSCs specific to mitochondrial disorders. In addition, we observed an overall decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in all five LS-hiPSCs. A more thorough analysis of the correlations between mitochondrial dynamics, membrane potential dysfunction caused by mutations in the mtDNA in hiPSCs and differentiated derivatives will aid in identifying unique morphological signatures of various mitochondrial disorders during early stages of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fibi Meshrkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ana Cabrera Ayuso
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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14
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Cellular Models for Primary CoQ Deficiency Pathogenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910211. [PMID: 34638552 PMCID: PMC8508219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency includes a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases characterized by low mitochondrial levels of CoQ due to decreased endogenous biosynthesis rate. These diseases respond to CoQ treatment mainly at the early stages of the disease. The advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) as whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have increased the discoveries of mutations in either gene already described to participate in CoQ biosynthesis or new genes also involved in this pathway. However, these technologies usually provide many mutations in genes whose pathogenic effect must be validated. To functionally validate the impact of gene variations in the disease’s onset and progression, different cell models are commonly used. We review here the use of yeast strains for functional complementation of human genes, dermal skin fibroblasts from patients as an excellent tool to demonstrate the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of these diseases and the development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and iPSC-derived organoids for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment approaches.
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15
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Zanfardino P, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Tackling Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8325. [PMID: 34361091 PMCID: PMC8348117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is the basic function of mitochondria, although the landscape of mitochondrial functions is continuously growing to include more aspects of cellular homeostasis. Thanks to the application of -omics technologies to the study of the OxPhos system, novel features emerge from the cataloging of novel proteins as mitochondrial thus adding details to the mitochondrial proteome and defining novel metabolic cellular interrelations, especially in the human brain. We focussed on the diversity of bioenergetics demand and different aspects of mitochondrial structure, functions, and dysfunction in the brain. Definition such as 'mitoexome', 'mitoproteome' and 'mitointeractome' have entered the field of 'mitochondrial medicine'. In this context, we reviewed several genetic defects that hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, mostly involving the nervous tissue as one of the most prominent energy-dependent tissues and, as consequence, as a primary target of mitochondrial dysfunction. The dual genetic origin of the OxPhos complexes is one of the reasons for the complexity of the genotype-phenotype correlation when facing human diseases associated with mitochondrial defects. Such complexity clinically manifests with extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. Finally, we briefly discuss the future directions of the multi-omics study of human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanfardino
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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16
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Traxler L, Lagerwall J, Eichhorner S, Stefanoni D, D'Alessandro A, Mertens J. Metabolism navigates neural cell fate in development, aging and neurodegeneration. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048993. [PMID: 34345916 PMCID: PMC8353098 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An uninterrupted energy supply is critical for the optimal functioning of all our organs, and in this regard the human brain is particularly energy dependent. The study of energy metabolic pathways is a major focus within neuroscience research, which is supported by genetic defects in the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism often contributing towards neurodevelopmental disorders and changes in glucose metabolism presenting as a hallmark feature in age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. However, as recent studies have illuminated roles of cellular metabolism that span far beyond mere energetics, it would be valuable to first comprehend the physiological involvement of metabolic pathways in neural cell fate and function, and to subsequently reconstruct their impact on diseases of the brain. In this Review, we first discuss recent evidence that implies metabolism as a master regulator of cell identity during neural development. Additionally, we examine the cell type-dependent metabolic states present in the adult brain. As metabolic states have been studied extensively as crucial regulators of malignant transformation in cancer, we reveal how knowledge gained from the field of cancer has aided our understanding in how metabolism likewise controls neural fate determination and stability by directly wiring into the cellular epigenetic landscape. We further summarize research pertaining to the interplay between metabolic alterations and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and expose how an improved understanding of metabolic cell fate control might assist in the development of new concepts to combat age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Traxler
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Jessica Lagerwall
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Sophie Eichhorner
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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17
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McKnight CL, Low YC, Elliott DA, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE. Modelling Mitochondrial Disease in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: What Have We Learned? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7730. [PMID: 34299348 PMCID: PMC8306397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases disrupt cellular energy production and are among the most complex group of inherited genetic disorders. Affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births, they are both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and can be highly tissue specific, but most often affect cell types with high energy demands in the brain, heart, and kidneys. There are currently no clinically validated treatment options available, despite several agents showing therapeutic promise. However, modelling these disorders is challenging as many non-human models of mitochondrial disease do not completely recapitulate human phenotypes for known disease genes. Additionally, access to disease-relevant cell or tissue types from patients is often limited. To overcome these difficulties, many groups have turned to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to model mitochondrial disease for both nuclear-DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) contexts. Leveraging the capacity of hPSCs to differentiate into clinically relevant cell types, these models permit both detailed investigation of cellular pathomechanisms and validation of promising treatment options. Here we catalogue hPSC models of mitochondrial disease that have been generated to date, summarise approaches and key outcomes of phenotypic profiling using these models, and discuss key criteria to guide future investigations using hPSC models of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L. McKnight
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yau Chung Low
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David A. Elliott
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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18
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Inak G, Rybak-Wolf A, Lisowski P, Pentimalli TM, Jüttner R, Glažar P, Uppal K, Bottani E, Brunetti D, Secker C, Zink A, Meierhofer D, Henke MT, Dey M, Ciptasari U, Mlody B, Hahn T, Berruezo-Llacuna M, Karaiskos N, Di Virgilio M, Mayr JA, Wortmann SB, Priller J, Gotthardt M, Jones DP, Mayatepek E, Stenzel W, Diecke S, Kühn R, Wanker EE, Rajewsky N, Schuelke M, Prigione A. Defective metabolic programming impairs early neuronal morphogenesis in neural cultures and an organoid model of Leigh syndrome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1929. [PMID: 33771987 PMCID: PMC7997884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a severe manifestation of mitochondrial disease in children and is currently incurable. The lack of effective models hampers our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuronal pathology of LS. Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR/Cas9 engineering, we developed a human model of LS caused by mutations in the complex IV assembly gene SURF1. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and multi-omics analysis revealed compromised neuronal morphogenesis in mutant neural cultures and brain organoids. The defects emerged at the level of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which retained a glycolytic proliferative state that failed to instruct neuronal morphogenesis. LS NPCs carrying mutations in the complex I gene NDUFS4 recapitulated morphogenesis defects. SURF1 gene augmentation and PGC1A induction via bezafibrate treatment supported the metabolic programming of LS NPCs, leading to restored neuronal morphogenesis. Our findings provide mechanistic insights and suggest potential interventional strategies for a rare mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Inak
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rybak-Wolf
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Lisowski
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, n/Warsaw, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Tancredi M Pentimalli
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Jüttner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Petar Glažar
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher Secker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Zink
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marie-Thérèse Henke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neuropediatrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monishita Dey
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ummi Ciptasari
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mlody
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hahn
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nikos Karaiskos
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Priller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Berlin, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neuropediatrics, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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19
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Masuda K, Han X, Kato H, Sato H, Zhang Y, Sun X, Hirofuji Y, Yamaza H, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Modeling Genetic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052269. [PMID: 33668763 PMCID: PMC7956585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, developmentally derived from multipotent neural crest cells that form multiple facial tissues, resides within the dental pulp of human teeth. These stem cells show high proliferative capacity in vitro and are multipotent, including adipogenic, myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic potential. Teeth containing viable cells are harvested via minimally invasive procedures, based on various clinical diagnoses, but then usually discarded as medical waste, indicating the relatively low ethical considerations to reuse these cells for medical applications. Previous studies have demonstrated that stem cells derived from healthy subjects are an excellent source for cell-based medicine, tissue regeneration, and bioengineering. Furthermore, stem cells donated by patients affected by genetic disorders can serve as in vitro models of disease-specific genetic variants, indicating additional applications of these stem cells with high plasticity. This review discusses the benefits, limitations, and perspectives of patient-derived dental pulp stem cells as alternatives that may complement other excellent, yet incomplete stem cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, together with our recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (S.F.); Tel.: +81-92-642-6402 (K.M. & S.F.)
| | - Xu Han
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiao Sun
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuta Hirofuji
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (S.F.); Tel.: +81-92-642-6402 (K.M. & S.F.)
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