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Fan X, Liu Y, Li S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li W, Hao J, Xu Z, Zhang B, Liu W, Zhang S. Comprehensive landscape-style investigation of the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at ST36 single acupoint on different systemic diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26270. [PMID: 38375243 PMCID: PMC10875596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The principle of acupoint stimulation efficacy is based on traditional meridian theory. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of acupoints in treating diseases remain unclear in modern scientific understanding. In this study, we selected the ST36 acupoint for investigation and summarized all relevant literature from the PubMed database over the past 10 years. The results indicate that stimulation of ST36 single acupoints has therapeutic effects mainly in models of respiratory, neurological, digestive, endocrine and immune system diseases. And it can affect the inflammatory state, oxidative stress, respiratory mucus secretion, intestinal flora, immune cell function, neurotransmitter transmission, hormone secretion, the network of Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) and glucose metabolism of the organism in these pathological states. Among them, acupuncture at the ST36 single point has the most prominent function in regulating the inflammatory state, which can mainly affect the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and drive the "molecular-cellular" mode involving macrophages, T-lymphocytes, mast cells (MCs) and neuroglial cells as the core to trigger the molecular level changes of the acupuncture point locally or in the target organ tissues, thereby establishing a multi-system, multi-target, multi-level molecular regulating mechanism. This article provides a comprehensive summary and discussion of the molecular mechanisms and effects of acupuncture at the ST36 acupoint, laying the groundwork for future in-depth research on acupuncture point theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jiaxin Hao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Institute for TCM-X, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Suzhao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
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Kao FC, Yen CM, Lin MC, Liao HY, Hsu HC, Lin YW. Acupoint catgut embedding attenuates fibromyalgia pain through attenuation of TRPV1 signaling pathway in mouse. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:66-73. [PMID: 38164490 PMCID: PMC10722483 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.71431.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Chronic pain is considered as pain lasting for more than three months and has emerged as a global health problem affecting individuals and society. Chronic extensive pain is the main syndrome upsetting individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), accompanied by anxiety, obesity, sleep disturbances, and depression, Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) has been reported to transduce inflammatory and pain signals to the brain. Materials and Methods Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) is a novel acupuncture technique that provides continuous effects and convenience. ACE was performed at the bilateral ST36 acupoint. Results We demonstrated similar pain levels among all groups at baseline. After cold stress, chronic mechanical or thermal nociception was induced (D14: mechanical: 1.85 ± 0.13 g; thermal: 4.85 ± 0.26 s) and reversed in ACE-treated mice (D14: mechanical: 3.99 ± 0.16 g; thermal: 7.42 ± 0.45 s) as well as Trpv1-/- group (Day 14, mechanical: 4.25 ± 0.2 g; thermal: 7.91 ± 0.21 s) mice. Inflammatory mediators were augmented in FM individuals and were abridged after ACE management and TRPV1 gene loss. TRPV1 and its linked mediators were increased in the thalamus (THA), somatosensory cortex (SSC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in FM mice. The up-regulation of these mediators was diminished in ACE and Trpv1-/- groups. Conclusion We suggest that chronic pain can be modulated by ACE or Trpv1-/-. ACE-induced analgesia via TRPV1 signaling pathways may be beneficial targets for FM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chen Kao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Yen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yin Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Hsu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Niu M, Zhao F, Chen R, Li P, Bi L. The transient receptor potential channels in rheumatoid arthritis: Need to pay more attention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127277. [PMID: 36926330 PMCID: PMC10013686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the augment of vascular permeability, increased inflammatory cells infiltration, dysregulated immune cells activation, pannus formation and unbearable pain hyperalgesia. Ca2+ affect almost every aspect of cellular functions, involving cell migration, signal transduction, proliferation, and apoptosis. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) as a type of non-selective permeable cation channels, can regulate Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ signal in cells including immune cells and neurons. Researches have demonstrated that TRPs in the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases have achieved rapid progress, while the roles of TRPs in RA pathogenesis and pain hyperalgesia are still not well understood. To solve this problem, this review presents the evidence of TRPs on vascular endothelial cells in joint swelling, neutrophils activation and their trans-endothelial migration, as well as their bridging role in the reactive oxygen species/TRPs/Ca2+/peptidyl arginine deiminases networks in accelerating citrullinated proteins formation. It also points out the distinct functions of TRPs subfamilies expressed in the nervous systems of joints in cold hyperalgesia and neuro-inflammation mutually influenced inflammatory pain in RA. Thus, more attention could be paid on the impact of TRPs in RA and TRPs are useful in researches on the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation and analgesic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Niu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhang Q, Zhou M, Huo M, Si Y, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Zhang D. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231202882. [PMID: 37678839 PMCID: PMC10515556 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231202882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture, as a traditional treatment, has been extensively used in China for thousands of years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), acupuncture is recommended for the treatment of 77 diseases. And 16 of these diseases are related to inflammatory pain. As a combination of traditional acupuncture and modern electrotherapy, electroacupuncture (EA) has satisfactory analgesic effects on various acute and chronic pain. Because of its good analgesic effects and no side effects, acupuncture has been widely accepted all over the world. Despite the increase in the number of studies, the mechanisms via which acupuncture exerts its analgesic effects have not been conclusively established. A literature review of related research is of great significance to elaborate on its mechanisms and to inform on further research directions. We elucidated on its mechanisms of action on inflammatory pain from two levels: peripheral and central. It includes the mechanisms of acupuncture in the periphery (immune cells and neurons, purinergic pathway, nociceptive ion channel, cannabinoid receptor and endogenous opioid peptide system) and central nervous system (TPRV1, glutamate and its receptors, glial cells, GABAergic interneurons and signaling molecules). In this review, we collected relevant recent studies to systematically explain the mechanisms of acupuncture in treating inflammatory pain, with a view to providing direction for future applications of acupuncture in inflammatory pain and promoting clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhu Huo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Si
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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5
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Luo D, Liu L, Zhang HM, Zhou YD, Zhou MF, Li JX, Yu ZM, Chen R, Liang FX. Relationship between acupuncture and transient receptor potential vanilloid: Current and future directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:817738. [PMID: 36407763 PMCID: PMC9668865 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.817738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a common complementary and alternative therapy around the world, but its mechanism remains still unclear. In the past decade, some studies indicated that transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels play a great role in the response of acupuncture stimulation. In this article, we discussed the relationship between acupuncture and TRPV channels. Different from inhibitors and agonists, the regulation of acupuncture on TRPV channels is multi-targeted and biphasic control. Acupuncture stimulation shows significant modulation on TRPV1 and TRPV4 at the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including central and peripheral nervous systems. On the contrary, the abundant expression and functional participation of TRPV1 and TRPV4 were specific to acupuncture stimulation at acupoints. The enhancement or inhibition of TRPV channels at different anatomical levels will affect the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. In conclusion, TRPV channels help to understand the principle of acupuncture stimulation, and acupuncture also provides a potential approach to TRPV-related trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-ming Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oncology, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-dian Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-feng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-xiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-min Yu
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-xia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Liao HY, Lin MC, Lin YW. Acupuncture points injection mitigates chronic pain through transient receptor potential V1 in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:451-459. [PMID: 35656078 PMCID: PMC9150811 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60121.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tissue injury in peripheral sites can result in long-term potentiation in nociceptive neurons and surrounding glial cells, potentially resulting in the development of chronic inflammatory pain (CIP). Acupoint injection (AI) is similar to Western phototherapy, which injects solutions at specific sites to mitigate chronic pain. AI has shown greater benefits compared with acupuncture. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect and explored the underlying mechanisms of AI in mice CIP model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We injected thrice complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the mouse's hind paw to induce CIP. RESULTS We found that, after two weeks, CFA injection significantly induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia which were attenuated by AI treatment. Transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels and associated molecules were all increased in CIP in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG), spinal cord (SC), thalamus, and somatosensory cortex (SSC). The aforementioned molecules were mitigated in AI and Trpv1 knockout mice. Furthermore, Iba1-positive cells (microglial marker) were also potentiated and shared a similar tendency with TRPV1. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AI can alleviate chronic pain by reducing TRPV1 overexpression in both neuronal and microglial cells. Our results suggest new potential therapeutic targets for AI in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yin Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,Corresponding author: Yi-Wen Lin. Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Tel: 886-970055508;
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Electroacupuncture Reduces Fibromyalgia Pain by Attenuating the HMGB1, S100B, and TRPV1 Signalling Pathways in the Mouse Brain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2242074. [PMID: 35341159 PMCID: PMC8941543 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2242074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic and persistent widespread pain and generalized muscle tenderness, and it is refractory to treatment. The central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role, pain signalling, in fibromyalgia subjects. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been practiced for thousand years to treat many diseases that involve pain. We established fibromyalgia-like pain in mice using intermittent cold stress and investigated therapeutic effects and modes of action with EA. EA of 2 Hz and 1 mA was performed for 20 min at the ST36 acupoint in mice from Day 3 to Day 5. Our results showed that mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were induced by intermittent cold stress (Day 5: mechanical: 1.43 ± 0.34 g; thermal: 3.98 ± 0.73 s) and were subsequently reversed by EA (Day 5: mechanical: 4.62 ± 0.48 g; thermal: 7.68 ± 0.68 s) or Trpv1−/− (Day 5: mechanical: 4.38 ± 0.51 g; thermal: 7.48 ± 0.98 s). Activity in the HMGB1, S100B, and TRPV1 pathways was increased in the mouse prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, thalamus, and amygdala with the stress treatment. This increase was attenuated by EA or Trpv1−/−. These results suggest potential targets for the treatment of TRPV1-dependant fibromyalgia pain.
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Long M, Wang Z, Shao L, Bi J, Chen Z, Yin N. Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1-Mediated Anti-apoptosis via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2021; 482:100-115. [PMID: 34929338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment elicited protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats, at least partly, which was associated with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-regulated anti-oxidant stress and anti-inflammation. In this study, we further investigated the possible contribution of TRPV1-mediated anti-apoptosis in EA pretreatment-evoked neuroprotection in CIRI. After EA pretreatment at Baihui (GV20), bilateral Shenshu (BL23) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints, transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 6 h in rats. Then, infarct volume, nerve cell injury, neuronal apoptosis, NF-κB signaling activation, and expression of TRPV1 were evaluated by TTC staining, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot, respectively. The presented data showed that EA pretreatment significantly reduced infarct volume, relieved nerve cell injury, decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, increased the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, inhibited NF-κB (p65) transcriptional activity, and curbed TRPV1 expression in MCAO rats. By contrast, enhancement of TRPV1 expression accompanying capsaicin application, the specific TRPV1 agonists, markedly accelerated nerve cell damage, aggravated neuronal apoptosis, prompted nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), resulting in the reversion of EA pretreatment-evoked neuroprotective effect in MCAO rats. Thus, we conclude that EA pretreatment-induced downregulation of neuronal TRPV1 expression plays an anti-apoptosis role through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby protecting MCAO rats from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Long
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Shao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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Tsai ST, Wei TH, Yang YW, Lu MK, San S, Tsai CH, Lin YW. Transient receptor potential V1 modulates neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease dementia: Molecular implications for electroacupuncture and rivastigmine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1336-1345. [PMID: 35096291 PMCID: PMC8769514 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56156.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegeneration disease. Its incidence increases with age and affects about 1% of people over 60. Incidentally, transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) and its relation with neuroinflammation in mouse brain has been widely reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to induce PDD in mice. We then used the Morris water maze and Bio-Plex to test learning and inflammatory mediators in mouse plasma. Western blotting and immunostaining were used to examine TRPV1 pathway in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). RESULTS On acquisition days 3 (Control = 4.40 ± 0.8 sec, PDD = 9.82 ± 1.52 sec, EA = 5.04 ± 0.58 sec, Riva = 4.75 ± 0.87 sec; P=0.001) and 4, reversal learning days 1, 2, 3 (Control = 2.86 ± 0.46 sec, PDD = 9.80 ± 1.83 sec, EA = 4.6 ± 0.82 sec, Riva = 4.6 ± 1.03 sec; P=0.001) and 4, PDD mice showed significantly longer escape latency than the other three groups. Results showed that several cytokines were up-regulated in PDD mice and reversed by EA and rivastigmine. TRPV1 and downstream molecules were up-regulated in PDD mice and further reversed by EA and rivastigmine. Interestingly, α7 nicotinic receptors and parvalbumin levels in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex increased in EA-treated mice, but not in rivastigmine-treated mice. CONCLUSION Our results showed that TRPV1 played a role in the modulation of neuroinflammation of PDD, and could potentially be a new target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ta Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Everflourish Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wan Yang
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuei Lu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Everflourish Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao San
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Everflourish Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Corresponding author: Yi-Wen Lin. Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Xueshi Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Tel: 886-970055508;
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10
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Dou B, Li Y, Ma J, Xu Z, Fan W, Tian L, Chen Z, Li N, Gong Y, Lyu Z, Fang Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang S, Chen B, Guo Y, Guo Y, Lin X. Role of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Mediating the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Acupuncture on Inflammatory Pain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695670. [PMID: 34408622 PMCID: PMC8366064 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is caused by peripheral tissue injury and inflammation. Inflammation leads to peripheral sensitization, which may further cause central sensitization, resulting in chronic pain and progressive functional disability. Neuroimmune crosstalk plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain. Studies in recent years have shown that acupuncture can exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by regulating peripheral (i.e., involving local acupoints and inflamed regions) and central neuroimmune interactions. At the local acupoints, acupuncture can activate the TRPV1 and TRPV2 channels of mast cells, thereby promoting degranulation and the release of histamine, adenosine, and other immune mediators, which interact with receptors on nerve endings and initiate neuroimmune regulation. At sites of inflammation, acupuncture enables the recruitment of immune cells, causing the release of opioid peptides, while also exerting direct analgesic effects via nerve endings. Furthermore, acupuncture promotes the balance of immune cells and regulates the release of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing the stimulation of nociceptive receptors in peripheral organs. Acupuncture also alleviates peripheral neurogenic inflammation by inhibiting the release of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide from the dorsal root ganglia. At the central nervous system level, acupuncture inhibits the crosstalk between glial cells and neurons by inhibiting the p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways and regulating the release of inflammatory mediators. It also reduces the excitability of the pain pathway by reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and promoting the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters from neurons and glial cells. In conclusion, the regulation of neuroimmune crosstalk at the peripheral and central levels mediates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain in an integrated manner. These findings provide novel insights enabling the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomin Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Course, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Lixin Tian
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongxi Lyu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules VI, VII, VIII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Chronic Pain and Depression Comorbidity in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095028. [PMID: 34068557 PMCID: PMC8126051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prominent complex psychiatric disorder, usually complicated through expression of comorbid conditions, with chronic pain being among the most prevalent. This comorbidity is consistently associated with a poor prognosis and has been shown to negatively impact patient outcomes. With a global rise in this condition presenting itself, the importance of discovering long-term, effective, and affordable treatments is crucial. Electroacupuncture has demonstrated renowned success in its use for the treatment of pain and is a widely recognized therapy in clinical practice for the treatment of various psychosomatic disorders, most notably depression. Our study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Acid-Saline (AS) inducing states of chronic pain and depression comorbidity in the cerebellum, using the ST36 acupoint as the therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the role of TRPV1 was relatedly explored through the use of TRPV1−/− mice (KO). The results indicated significant differences in the four behavioral tests used to characterize pain and depression states in mice. The AS and AS + SHAM group showed significant differences when compared to the Control and AS + EA groups in the von Frey and Hargreaves’s tests, as well as the Open-Field and Forced Swimming tests. This evidence was further substantiated in the protein levels observed in immunoblotting, with significant differences between the AS and AS + SHAM groups when compared to the AS + EA and AS + KO groups being identified. In addition, immunofluorescence visibly served to corroborate the quantitative outcomes. Conclusively these findings suggest that AS-induced chronic pain and depression comorbidity elicits changes in the cerebellum lobules VI, VII, VIII, which are ameliorated through the use of EA at ST36 via its action on TRPV1 and related molecular pathways. The action of TRPV1 is not singular in CPDC, which would suggest other potential targets such as acid-sensing ion channel subtype 3 (ASIC3) or voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) that could be explored in future studies.
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Lottering B, Lin YW. Functional characterization of nociceptive mechanisms involved in fibromyalgia and electroacupuncture. Brain Res 2021; 1755:147260. [PMID: 33422528 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain in diseases such as fibromyalgia (FM) are lacking effective standardised protocols that can be widely accessed and implemented by healthcare professionals across the globe. Persistent hyperalgesia and allodynia are characteristic symptoms of FM. This disease has indicated a refractory tendency to conventional treatment ventures, largely resultant from a lack of etiological and pathogenic understanding of the disease development. Emerging evidence indicates that the central nervous system (CNS) plays a critical role in the amplification of pain signals and the neurotransmitters associated therewith. We examined the contribution of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and the major nociceptive components in response to fibromyalgia-like pain in an intermittent cold-stress (ICS) model, in the prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, hippocampus and thalamus areas of the brain. The use of TRPV1 gene deletion mice served to elucidate the role of the TRPV1 receptor in the development and expression of FM-like pain. The results suggest that TRPV1 upregulation is central to the sustained sensation of FM related hyperalgesia. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic benefits of electroacupuncture (EA) at bilateral ST36 acupoint were analysed in order to identify the analgesic effects and mechanism associated with this therapy. The findings indicate that EA treatment successfully attenuated both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and suggests that a definitive underlying mechanism of neuromodulation through EA is responsible for providing analgesic benefits to patients suffering from FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Lottering
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Centre, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Calcium Entry through TRPV1: A Potential Target for the Regulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cancerous and Healthy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4177. [PMID: 32545311 PMCID: PMC7312732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of cell fate and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Membrane ion channels are structures through which ions enter or exit the cell, depending on the driving forces. The opening of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ligand-gated ion channels facilitates transmembrane Ca2+ and Na+ entry, which modifies the delicate balance between apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways. Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. While proliferative mechanisms are typically upregulated in cancerous tissues, shifting the balance to favor apoptosis could support anti-cancer therapies. TRPV1, through [Ca2+]i signaling, influences cancer cell fate; therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. As such, this review characterizes and evaluates the role of TRPV1 in cell death and survival, in the interest of identifying mechanistic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
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