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Matusik K, Kamińska K, Sobiborowicz-Sadowska A, Borzuta H, Buczma K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. The significance of the apelinergic system in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Heart Fail Rev 2024:10.1007/s10741-024-10414-w. [PMID: 38990214 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the number of cancer-related deaths is expected to increase. Common types of cancer include skin, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers. While clinical research has improved cancer therapies, these treatments often come with significant side effects such as chronic fatigue, hair loss, and nausea. In addition, cancer treatments can cause long-term cardiovascular complications. Doxorubicin (DOX) therapy is one example, which can lead to decreased left ventricle (LV) echocardiography (ECHO) parameters, increased oxidative stress in cellular level, and even cardiac fibrosis. The apelinergic system, specifically apelin and its receptor, together, has shown properties that could potentially protect the heart and mitigate the damages caused by DOX anti-cancer treatment. Studies have suggested that stimulating the apelinergic system may have therapeutic benefits for heart damage induced by DOX. Further research in chronic preclinical models is needed to confirm this hypothesis and understand the mechanism of action for the apelinergic system. This review aims to collect and present data on the effects of the apelinergic system on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Matusik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sobiborowicz-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Borzuta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasper Buczma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Williams TL, Nwokoye P, Kuc RE, Smith K, Paterson AL, Allinson K, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Expression of the apelin receptor, a novel potential therapeutic target, and its endogenous ligands in diverse stem cell populations in human glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1379658. [PMID: 38803685 PMCID: PMC11128631 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1379658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and lethal forms of brain cancer, carrying a very poor prognosis (median survival of ~15 months post-diagnosis). Treatment typically involves invasive surgical resection of the tumour mass, followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy using the alkylating agent temozolomide, but over half of patients do not respond to this drug and considerable resistance is observed. Tumour heterogeneity is the main cause of therapeutic failure, where diverse progenitor glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) lineages in the microenvironment drive tumour recurrence and therapeutic resistance. The apelin receptor is a class A GPCR that binds two endogenous peptide ligands, apelin and ELA, and plays a role in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Here, we used quantitative whole slide immunofluorescent imaging of human GBM samples to characterise expression of the apelin receptor and both its ligands in the distinct GSC lineages, namely neural-progenitor-like cells (NPCs), oligodendrocyte-progenitor-like cells (OPCs), and mesenchymal-like cells (MES), as well as reactive astrocytic cells. The data confirm the presence of the apelin receptor as a tractable drug target that is common across the key cell populations driving tumour growth and maintenance, offering a potential novel therapeutic approach for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nwokoye
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoda E. Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Smith
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Paterson
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet J. Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Wang Q, Wang B, Zhang W, Zhang T, Liu Q, Jiao X, Ye J, Hao Y, Gao Q, Ma G, Hao C, Cui B. APLN promotes the proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of cervical cancer through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109983. [PMID: 38561035 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Apelin (APLN) is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (APLNR). APLN has been implicated in the development of multiple tumours. Herein, we determined the effect of APLN on the biological behaviour and underlying mechanisms of cervical cancer. The expression and survival curves of APLN were determined using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. The cellular functions of APLN were detected using CCK-8, clone formation, EdU, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, and seahorse metabolic analysis. The underlying mechanisms were elucidated using gene set enrichment analysis and Western blotting. APLN was upregulated in the samples of patients with cervical cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. APLN knockdown decreased the proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of cervical cancer cells. The opposite results were observed when APLN was overexpressed. Mechanistically, we determined that APLN was critical for activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway via APLNR. APLN receptor inhibitor ML221 reversed the effect of APLN overexpression on cervical cancer cells. Treatment with LY294002, the PI3K inhibitor, drastically reversed the oncological behaviour of APLN-overexpressing C-33A cells. APLN promoted the proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of cervical cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinlin Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jinwen Ye
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yiping Hao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Guangzhen Ma
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, 252600, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Baoxia Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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4
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Phạm TTT, Murza A, Marsault É, Frampton JP, Rainey JK. Localized apelin-17 analogue-bicelle interactions as a facilitator of membrane-catalyzed receptor recognition and binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184289. [PMID: 38278504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The apelinergic system encompasses two peptide ligand families, apelin and apela, along with the apelin receptor (AR or APJ), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor. This system has diverse physiological effects, including modulating heart contraction, vasodilation/constriction, glucose regulation, and vascular development, with involvement in a variety of pathological conditions. Apelin peptides have been previously shown to interact with and become structured upon binding to anionic micelles, consistent with a membrane-catalyzed mechanism of ligand-receptor binding. To overcome the challenges of observing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy signals of a dilute peptide in biological environments, 19F NMR spectroscopy, including diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments, was used herein to explore the membrane-interactive behaviour of apelin. NMR-optimized apelin-17 analogues with 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylalanine at various positions were designed and tested for bioactivity through ERK activation in stably-AR transfected HEK 293 T cells. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry and 19F NMR spectroscopy were used to compare the membrane interactions of these analogues with unlabelled apelin-17 in both zwitterionic/neutral and net-negative bicelle conditions. Each analogue binds to bicelles with relatively weak affinity (i.e., in fast exchange on the NMR timescale), with preferential interactions observed at the cationic residue-rich N-terminal and mid-length regions of the peptide leaving the C-terminal end unencumbered for receptor recognition, enabling a membrane-anchored fly-casting mechanism of peptide search for the receptor. In all, this study provides further insight into the membrane-interactive behaviour of an important bioactive peptide, demonstrating interactions and biophysical behaviour that cannot be neglected in therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trần Thanh Tâm Phạm
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - John P Frampton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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5
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Masoumi J, Zainodini N, Basirjafar P, Tavakoli T, Zandvakili R, Nemati M, Ramezani M, Rezayati MT, Ayoobi F, Khademalhosseini M, Khorramdelazad H, Arman R, Jafarzadeh A. Apelin receptor antagonist boosts dendritic cell vaccine efficacy in controlling angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. Med Oncol 2023; 40:179. [PMID: 37188900 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Apelin/APJ axis plays a critical role in cancer progression, thus its targeting inhibits tumor growth. However, blocking of Apelin/APJ axis in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches may be more effective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APJ antagonist ML221 in combination with a DC vaccine on angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in a breast cancer (BC) model. Four groups of female BALB/c mice with 4T1-induced BC were treated with PBS, APJ antagonist ML221, DC vaccine, and "ML221 + DC vaccine". After completion of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of IL-9 and IL-35 as well as the mRNA expression of angiogenesis (including VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β), metastasis (including MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4) and apoptosis-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3) in tumor tissues were determined using ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Angiogenesis was also evaluated by co-immunostaining of tumor tissues with CD31 and DAPI. Primary tumor metastasis to the liver was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The efficiency of combination therapy with "ML221 + DC vaccine" was remarkably higher than single therapies in preventing liver metastasis compared to the control group. In comparison with the control group, combination therapy could significantly reduce the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4, VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β in tumor tissues (P < 0.05). It also decreased the serum level of IL-9 and IL-35 compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). Moreover, vascular density and vessel diameter were significantly reduced in the combination therapy group compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). Overall, our findings demonstrate that combination therapy using a blocker of the apelin/APJ axis and DC vaccine can be considered a promising therapeutic program in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pedram Basirjafar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Tavakoli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ramezani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Rezayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Khademalhosseini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Rostamlou Arman
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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6
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Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37169756 PMCID: PMC10175505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Li A, Zhao Q, Chen L, Li Z. Apelin/APJ system: an emerging therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1639-1653. [PMID: 36378421 PMCID: PMC9665010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is extensively expressed in various systems, especially the nervous system. This article reviews the role of apelin/APJ system in neurological diseases. In detail, apelin/APJ system can relieve acute brain injury including subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke. Also, apelin/APJ system has therapeutic effects on chronic neurodegenerative disease models, involving the regulation of neurotrophic factors, neuroendocrine, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition, through different routes of administration, apelin/APJ system has a biphasic effect on depression, epilepsy, and pain. However, apelin/APJ system exacerbates the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma. Thus, apelin/APJ system is expected to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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8
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Yimingjiang M, Aini A, Tuergan T, Zhang W. Differential Gene Expression Profiling in Alveolar Echinococcosis Identifies Potential Biomarkers Associated With Angiogenesis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad031. [PMID: 36817746 PMCID: PMC9927572 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic parasitic disease that exhibits a tumor-like growth, with the potential for invasion and distant metastasis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this condition remains unclear. Methods Transcriptome analyses were performed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from patients with AE with invasion and distant metastasis. The results were further verified by immunohistochemistry. Results A total of 1796 DEGs were identified, including 1742 upregulated and 54 downregulated DEGs. A subsequent functional analysis showed that the significant DEGs were involved in the angiogenesis process. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the reliability of the transcriptomic data. Conclusions These results suggest that angiogenesis is a possible mechanism underlying the tumor-like biological behavior observed during E multilocularis infection. Genes related to this process may play important roles in AE invasion and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiweilidan Yimingjiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Abudusalamu Aini
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Talaiti Tuergan
- Department of Hepatic Hydatid and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Correspondence: Dr. Wei Zhang, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Southern Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China ( )
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9
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Inukai K, Kise K, Hayashi Y, Jia W, Muramatsu F, Okamoto N, Konishi H, Akuta K, Kidoya H, Takakura N. Cancer apelin receptor suppresses vascular mimicry in malignant melanoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1610867. [PMID: 36776217 PMCID: PMC9912982 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1610867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several reports indicate that apelin is often over-expressed in tumors, and therefore it has been suggested that the apelin-apelin receptor (APJ) system may induce tumor progression. In contrast, our previous research revealed high expression of the apelin-APJ system in tumor blood vessels, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of tumor vessel formation and normalization, resulting in the suppression of tumor growth by promoting the infiltration of T cells. Thus, the effect of the apelin-APJ system on tumors remains controversial. In this report, to clarify the effect of apelin in tumor cells, we analyzed the function of APJ in tumor cells using APJ knock out (KO) mice. In APJ-KO mice, Apelin overexpression in B16/BL6 (B16) melanoma cells induced greater tumor growth than controls. In an APJ-KO melanoma inoculation model, although angiogenesis is suppressed compared to wild type, no difference is evident in tumor growth. We found that APJ deficiency promoted vascular mimicry in tumors. In vitro, cultured APJ-KO B16 cells demonstrated a spindle-like shape. This phenotypic change was thought to be induced by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on evidence that APJ-KO B16 cells show persistently high levels of the mesenchymal maker, Zeb1; however, we found that EMT did not correlate with the transforming growth factor-β/smad signaling pathway in our model. We propose that apelin-APJ system in cancer cells induces tumor growth but negatively regulates EMT and tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Inukai
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kise
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hayashi
- Department of Integrative Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Weizhen Jia
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Muramatsu
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Keigo Akuta
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kidoya
- Department of Integrative Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,*Correspondence: Nobuyuki Takakura,
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10
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Ivanov MN, Stoyanov DS, Pavlov SP, Tonchev AB. Distribution, Function, and Expression of the Apelinergic System in the Healthy and Diseased Mammalian Brain. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2172. [PMID: 36421846 PMCID: PMC9690544 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a peptide initially isolated from bovine stomach extract, is an endogenous ligand for the Apelin Receptor (APLNR). Subsequently, a second peptide, ELABELA, that can bind to the receptor has been identified. The Apelin receptor and its endogenous ligands are widely distributed in mammalian organs. A growing body of evidence suggests that this system participates in various signaling cascades that can regulate cell proliferation, blood pressure, fluid homeostasis, feeding behavior, and pituitary hormone release. Additional research has been done to elucidate the system's potential role in neurogenesis, the pathophysiology of Glioblastoma multiforme, and the protective effects of apelin peptides on some neurological and psychiatric disorders-ischemic stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses the current knowledge on the apelinergic system's involvement in brain physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N. Ivanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo S. Stoyanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan P. Pavlov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton. B. Tonchev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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11
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Luo H, Gu X, Tong G, Han L. Research progress of apelin in acute ischemic brain injury. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7260-7267. [PMID: 36398257 PMCID: PMC9641465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic brain injury is a cerebrovascular disease with high clinical incidence. An increasing number of preclinical evidence has verified the complex interaction between autophagy disorder and mitochondrial damage. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and excessive neuroinflammation are the main mechanisms of the neural injury induced by acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apelin and its receptors are widely distributed in various tissues and organs in the human body. Increasing evidence has suggested that apelin has a neuroprotective effect against excitatory toxicity injury, oxidative stress injury and induction of neuronal apoptosis, and it can play a neuroprotective role after acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review summarizes the progress of the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of apelin, aiming to provide evidence for its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Physiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Gu
- Department of Physiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Guoxiang Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Physiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219, Hunan, China
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12
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Azad AK, Campbell KR, Zhabyeyev P, Oudit GY, Moore RB, Murray AG. Loss of apelin blocks the emergence of sprouting angiogenesis in experimental tumors. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22560. [PMID: 36165236 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200616rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitor drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling to the endothelial cell (EC) are used to treat various cancer types. However, primary or secondary resistance to therapy is common. Clinical and pre-clinical studies suggest that alternative pro-angiogenic factors are upregulated after VEGF pathway inhibition. Therefore, identification of alternative pro-angiogenic pathway(s) is critical for the development of more effective anti-angiogenic therapy. Here we study the role of apelin as a pro-angiogenic G-protein-coupled receptor ligand in tumor growth and angiogenesis. We found that loss of apelin in mice delayed the primary tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma 1 and B16F10 melanoma when combined with the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib. Targeting apelin in combination with sunitinib markedly reduced the tumor vessel density, and decreased microvessel remodeling. Apelin loss reduced angiogenic sprouting and tip cell marker gene expression in comparison to the sunitinib-alone-treated mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor EC demonstrated that the loss of apelin prevented EC tip cell differentiation. Thus, apelin is a potent pro-angiogenic cue that supports initiation of tumor neovascularization. Together, our data suggest that targeting apelin may be useful as adjuvant therapy in combination with VEGF signaling inhibition to inhibit the growth of advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Azad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kieran R Campbell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ronald B Moore
- Department of Oncology and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Tu W, Zheng H, Li L, Zhou C, Feng M, Chen L, Li D, Chen X, Hao B, Sun H, Cao Y, Gao Y. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 promotes angiogenesis of glioblastoma through upregulating PSMA expression via transcription factor HIF-1α. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 55:417-425. [PMID: 36305723 PMCID: PMC10160226 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly vascularized malignant brain tumor. Our previous study showed that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) promotes angiogenesis of GBM. However, the specific mechanism underlying GBM-induced PSMA upregulation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the GBM-secreted cytokine phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) can regulate the expression of PSMA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our mechanistic study further reveals that SPP1 regulates the expression of PSMA through the transcription factor HIF1α. Moreover, SPP1 promotes HUVEC migration and tube formation. In addition, HIF1α knockdown reduces the expression of PSMA in HUVECs and blocks the ability of SPP1 to promote HUVEC migration and tube formation. We further confirm that SPP1 is abundantly expressed in GBM, is associated with poor prognosis, and has high clinical diagnostic value with considerable sensitivity and specificity. Collectively, our findings identify that the GBM-secreted cytokine SPP1 upregulates PSMA expression in endothelial cells via the transcription factor HIF1α, providing insight into the angiogenic process and promising candidates for targeted GBM therapy.
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14
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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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15
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Chen J, Li Z, Zhao Q, Chen L. Roles of apelin/APJ system in cancer: Biomarker, predictor, and emerging therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3734-3751. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
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16
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Zhu Y, Yang Y, Bu H, Huang H, Chen H, Ran J, Qin L, Ni Y, Yao M, Song T, Li M, Yang Y, Guo T, Chao N, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang L. Apelin‐mediated deamidation of
HMGA1
promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing
SREBP1
activity and lipid synthesis. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3722-3734. [PMID: 36087034 PMCID: PMC9633285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced fatty acid synthesis provides proliferation and survival advantages for tumor cells. Apelin is an adipokine, which serves as a ligand of G protein–coupled receptors that promote tumor growth in malignant cancers. Here, we confirmed that apelin increased sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) activity and induced the expression of glutamine amidotransferase for deamidating high‐mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) to promote fatty acid synthesis and proliferation of lung cancer cells. This post‐translational modification stabilized the HMGA1 expression and enhanced the formation of the apelin‐HMGA1‐SREBP1 complex to facilitate SREBP1 activity for lipid metabolism and lung cancer cell growth. We uncovered the pivotal role of apelin‐mediated deamidation of HMGA1 in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Liwen Qin
- Administration of Research Park, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yinyun Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Menglin Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mufeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ningning Chao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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17
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Apelin-13 Pretreatment Promotes the Cardioprotective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Myocardial Infarction by Improving Their Survival. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3742678. [PMID: 35355588 PMCID: PMC8960019 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3742678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based therapy has shown promising results for myocardial infarction (MI), low cell survival heavily limits its beneficial effects. Apelin plays an essential regulatory role in cell proliferation. This study was aimed at determining whether Apelin-13 pretreatment could improve the survival of MSCs in the ischemic heart and enhance their cardioprotective efficacy against MI. MSCs were pretreated with or without Apelin-13 for 24 hours and then exposed to serum deprivation and hypoxia (SD/H) for 48 hours. The mitochondrial morphology of MSCs was assessed by MitoTracker staining. The apoptosis of MSCs was determined by TUNEL staining. The level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) of MSCs was detected by Mito-Sox staining. MSCs and Apelin-13-pretreated MSCs were transplanted into the peri-infarct region in a mouse MI model. Apelin-13 pretreatment protected MSCs against SD/H-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. Apelin-13 pretreatment reduced ROS generation induced by SD/H in MSCs. Furthermore, Apelin-13 pretreatment enhanced the angiogenesis of MSCs under SD/H conditions. Mechanistically, Apelin-13 pretreatment inhibited SD/H-induced MSC apoptosis by downregulating mitochondrial fission via activation of the ERK pathway, and these effects were partially abrogated by ERK inhibitor U0126. Apelin-13 pretreatment promoted the survival of MSCs in the ischemic heart. Moreover, transplantation with Apelin-13-pretreated MSCs improved heart function and increased angiogenesis accompanied by decreased fibrosis compared with MSC transplantation at 28 days following MI. These findings reveal that pretreatment with Apelin-13 improves MSCs survival and enhances their therapeutic efficacy for MI. Our study provides a novel approach to improve MSC-based therapy for cardiovascular disease.
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18
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Spellerberg R, Benli-Hoppe T, Kitzberger C, Berger S, Schmohl KA, Schwenk N, Yen HY, Zach C, Schilling F, Weber WA, Kälin RE, Glass R, Nelson PJ, Wagner E, Spitzweg C. Selective sodium iodide symporter ( NIS) genetherapy of glioblastoma mediatedby EGFR-targeted lipopolyplexes. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 23:432-446. [PMID: 34853814 PMCID: PMC8604759 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipo-oligomers, post-functionalized with ligands to enhance targeting, represent promising new vehicles for the tumor-specific delivery of therapeutic genes such as the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Due to its iodide trapping activity, NIS is a powerful theranostic tool for diagnostic imaging and the application of therapeutic radionuclides. 124I PET imaging allows non-invasive monitoring of the in vivo biodistribution of functional NIS expression, and application of 131I enables cytoreduction. In our experimental design, we used epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted polyplexes (GE11) initially characterized in vitro using 125I uptake assays. Mice bearing an orthotopic glioblastoma were treated subsequently with mono-dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-PEG24-GE11/NIS or bisDBCO-PEG24-GE11/NIS, and 24-48 h later, 124I uptake was assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The best-performing polyplex in the imaging studies was then selected for 131I therapy studies. The in vitro studies showed EGFR-dependent and NIS-specific transfection efficiency of the polyplexes. The injection of monoDBCO-PEG24-GE11/NIS polyplexes 48 h before 124I application was characterized to be the optimal regime in the imaging studies and was therefore used for an 131I therapy study, showing a significant decrease in tumor growth and a significant extension of survival in the therapy group. These studies demonstrate the potential of EGFR-targeted polyplex-mediated NIS gene therapy as a new strategy for the therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Spellerberg
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Teoman Benli-Hoppe
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kitzberger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin A Schmohl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schwenk
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hsi-Yu Yen
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Zach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site 80336 Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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APLN/APLNR Signaling Controls Key Pathological Parameters of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153899. [PMID: 34359800 PMCID: PMC8345670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The neurovascular peptide Apelin and its receptor APLNR are upregulated during glioblastoma pathology. Here we summarize their role in the brain tumor microenvironment composed of neurons, astrocytes, and the vascular and immune systems. Targeting APLN/APLNR signaling promises to unfold multimodal actions in future GBM therapy, acting as an anti-angiogenic and an anti-invasive treatment, and offering the possibility to reduce neurological symptoms and increase overall survival simultaneously. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. GBM-expansion depends on a dense vascular network and, coherently, GBMs are highly angiogenic. However, new intratumoral blood vessels are often aberrant with consequences for blood-flow and vascular barrier function. Hence, the delivery of chemotherapeutics into GBM can be compromised. Furthermore, leaky vessels support edema-formation, which can result in severe neurological deficits. The secreted signaling peptide Apelin (APLN) plays an important role in the formation of GBM blood vessels. Both APLN and the Apelin receptor (APLNR) are upregulated in GBM cells and control tumor cell invasiveness. Here we summarize the current evidence on the role of APLN/APLNR signaling during brain tumor pathology. We show that targeting APLN/APLNR can induce anti-angiogenic effects in GBM and simultaneously blunt GBM cell infiltration. In addition, we discuss how manipulation of APLN/APLNR signaling in GBM leads to the normalization of tumor vessels and thereby supports chemotherapy, reduces edema, and improves anti-tumorigenic immune reactions. Hence, therapeutic targeting of APLN/APLNR signaling offers an interesting option to address different pathological hallmarks of GBM.
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20
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Comparing Tumor Cell Invasion and Myeloid Cell Composition in Compatible Primary and Relapsing Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143636. [PMID: 34298846 PMCID: PMC8303884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We established a new minimally invasive mouse model for GBM relapse. For this, we utilized orthotopical implantation of HSVTK-transduced GBM cells and pharmacological treatment with GCV. In addition, we implanted patient-derived GBM cells of primary or recurrent tumors. We found that recurrent GBM were more aggressively invasive than primary GBM. Moreover, the recurring tumors had a higher ratio of monocyte-derived macrophages among the entire population of tumor associated myeloid cells. This shift in the composition of tumor-associated immune cells appeared to be independent from cell-death signaling or surgical intervention. This model provides the means to investigate the entire process of tumor relapse and test standard as well as experimental therapeutic strategies for relapsing GBM under defined conditions. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence after treatment is almost inevitable but addressing this issue with adequate preclinical models has remained challenging. Here, we introduce a GBM mouse model allowing non-invasive and scalable de-bulking of a tumor mass located deeply in the brain, which can be combined with conventional therapeutic approaches. Strong reduction of the GBM volume is achieved after pharmacologically inducing a tumor-specific cell death mechanism. This is followed by GBM re-growth over a predictable timeframe. Pharmacological de-bulking followed by tumor relapse was accomplished with an orthotopic mouse glioma model. Relapsing experimental tumors recapitulated pathological features often observed in recurrent human GBM, like increased invasiveness or altered immune cell composition. Orthotopic implantation of GBM cells originating from biopsies of one patient at initial or follow-up treatment reproduced these findings. Interestingly, relapsing GBM of both models contained a much higher ratio of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) versus microglia than primary GBM. This was not altered when combining pharmacological de-bulking with invasive surgery. We interpret that factors released from viable primary GBM cells preferentially attract microglia whereas relapsing tumors preponderantly release chemoattractants for MDM. All in all, this relapse model has the capacity to provide novel insights into clinically highly relevant aspects of GBM treatment.
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21
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Rosińska S, Gavard J. Tumor Vessels Fuel the Fire in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6514. [PMID: 34204510 PMCID: PMC8235363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a subset of aggressive brain tumors, deploy several means to increase blood vessel supply dedicated to the tumor mass. This includes typical program borrowed from embryonic development, such as vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis, as well as unconventional processes, including co-option, vascular mimicry, and transdifferentiation, in which tumor cells are pro-actively engaged. However, these neo-generated vascular networks are morphologically and functionally abnormal, suggesting that the vascularization processes are rather inefficient in the tumor ecosystem. In this review, we reiterate the specificities of each neovascularization modality in glioblastoma, and, how they can be hampered mechanistically in the perspective of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosińska
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Julie Gavard
- CRCINA, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Integrated Center for Oncology, ICO, 44800 St. Herblain, France
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22
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Arang N, Gutkind JS. G Protein-Coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins as cancer drivers. FEBS Lett 2021; 594:4201-4232. [PMID: 33270228 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Liu L, Yi X, Lu C, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Pang Y, Guan X. Study Progression of Apelin/APJ Signaling and Apela in Different Types of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658253. [PMID: 33912466 PMCID: PMC8075258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand that binds to the G protein-coupled receptor angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ). Apelin and APJ are widely distributed in organs and tissues and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes including cardiovascular regulation, neuroendocrine stress response, energy metabolism, etc. Additionally, apelin/APJ axis was found to play an important role in cancer development and progression. Apela is a newly identified endogenous ligand for APJ. Several studies have revealed the potential role of Apela in cancers. In this article, we review the current studies focusing on the role of apelin/APJ signaling and Apela in different cancers. Potential mechanisms by which apelin/APJ and Apela mediate the regulation of cancer development and progression were also mentioned. The Apelin/APJ signaling and Apela may serve as potential therapeutic candidates for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxian Pang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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