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Ghiasi SM, Marchetti P, Piemonti L, Nielsen JH, Porse BT, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Rutter GA. Proinflammatory cytokines suppress nonsense-mediated RNA decay to impair regulated transcript isoform processing in pancreatic β cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359147. [PMID: 38586449 PMCID: PMC10995974 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in pancreatic ß cell failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and are known to stimulate alternative RNA splicing and the expression of nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) components. Here, we investigate whether cytokines regulate NMD activity and identify transcript isoforms targeted in ß cells. Methods A luciferase-based NMD reporter transiently expressed in rat INS1(832/13), human-derived EndoC-ßH3, or dispersed human islet cells is used to examine the effect of proinflammatory cytokines (Cyt) on NMD activity. The gain- or loss-of-function of two key NMD components, UPF3B and UPF2, is used to reveal the effect of cytokines on cell viability and function. RNA-sequencing and siRNA-mediated silencing are deployed using standard techniques. Results Cyt attenuate NMD activity in insulin-producing cell lines and primary human ß cells. These effects are found to involve ER stress and are associated with the downregulation of UPF3B. Increases or decreases in NMD activity achieved by UPF3B overexpression (OE) or UPF2 silencing raise or lower Cyt-induced cell death, respectively, in EndoC-ßH3 cells and are associated with decreased or increased insulin content, respectively. No effects of these manipulations are observed on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Cyt increases alternative splicing (AS)-induced exon skipping in the transcript isoforms, and this is potentiated by UPF2 silencing. Gene enrichment analysis identifies transcripts regulated by UPF2 silencing whose proteins are localized and/or functional in the extracellular matrix (ECM), including the serine protease inhibitor SERPINA1/α-1-antitrypsin, whose silencing sensitizes ß-cells to Cyt cytotoxicity. Cytokines suppress NMD activity via UPR signaling, potentially serving as a protective response against Cyt-induced NMD component expression. Conclusion Our findings highlight the central importance of RNA turnover in ß cell responses to inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M. Ghiasi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Development and Aging Program, and Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Jens H. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo T. Porse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) Research Centre (CRCHUM) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Ghiasi SM, Marchetti P, Piemonti L, Nielsen JH, Porse BT, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Rutter GA. Proinflammatory Cytokines Suppress Nonsense-Mediated RNA Decay to Impair Regulated Transcript Isoform Processing in Pancreatic β-Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.20.572623. [PMID: 38187722 PMCID: PMC10769295 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in pancreatic β-cell failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and are known to stimulate alternative RNA splicing and the expression of Nonsense-Mediated RNA Decay (NMD) components. Here, we investigate whether cytokines regulate NMD activity and identify transcript isoforms targeted in β-cells. A luciferase-based NMD reporter transiently expressed in rat INS1(832/13), human-derived EndoC-βH3 or dispersed human islet cells is used to examine the effect of proinflammatory cytokines (Cyt) on NMD activity. Gain- or loss-of function of two key NMD components UPF3B and UPF2 is used to reveal the effect of cytokines on cell viability and function. RNA-sequencing and siRNA-mediated silencing are deployed using standard techniques. Cyt attenuate NMD activity in insulin-producing cell lines and primary human β-cells. These effects are found to involve ER stress and are associated with downregulation of UPF3B. Increases or decreases in NMD activity achieved by UPF3B overexpression (OE) or UPF2 silencing, raises or lowers Cyt-induced cell death, respectively, in EndoC-βH3 cells, and are associated with decreased or increased insulin content, respectively. No effects of these manipulations are observed on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Cyt increase alternative splicing (AS)-induced exon skipping in the transcript isoforms, and this is potentiated by UPF2 silencing. Gene enrichment analysis identifies transcripts regulated by UPF2 silencing whose proteins are localized and/or functional in extracellular matrix (ECM) including the serine protease inhibitor SERPINA1/α-1-antitrypsin, whose silencing sensitises β-cells to Cyt cytotoxicity. Cytokines suppress NMD activity via UPR signalling, potentially serving as a protective response against Cyt-induced NMD component expression. Our findings highlight the central importance of RNA turnover in β-cell responses to inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed. M. Ghiasi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Jens H. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bo T. Porse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- CHUM Research Centre (CRCHUM) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 900 Rue St. Denis, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 637553, Singapore
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Klepach A, Tran H, Ahmad Mohammed F, ElSayed ME. Characterization and impact of peptide physicochemical properties on oral and subcutaneous delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114322. [PMID: 35526665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptides, an emerging modality within the biopharmaceutical industry, are often delivered subcutaneously with evolving prospects on oral delivery. Barrier biology within the subcutis or gastrointestinal tract is a significant challenge in limiting absorption or otherwise disrupting peptide disposition. Aspects of peptide pharmacokinetic performance and ADME can be mitigated with careful molecular design that tailors for properties such as effective size, hydrophobicity, net charge, proteolytic stability, and albumin binding. In this review, we endeavor to highlight effective techniques in qualifying physicochemical properties of peptides and discuss advancements of in vitro models of subcutaneous and oral delivery. Additionally, we will delineate empirical findings around the relationship of these physicochemical properties and in vivo (animal or human) impact. We conclude that robust peptide characterization methods and in vitro techniques with demonstrated correlations to in vivo data are key routines to incorporate in the drug discovery and development to improve the probability of technical and commercial success of peptide therapeutics.
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Ghiasi SM, Rutter GA. Consequences for Pancreatic β-Cell Identity and Function of Unregulated Transcript Processing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:625235. [PMID: 33763030 PMCID: PMC7984428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.625235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for alternative splicing (AS) of transcripts in the normal physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreatic β-cell. In the apparent absence of RNA repair systems, RNA decay pathways are likely to play an important role in controlling the stability, distribution and diversity of transcript isoforms in these cells. Around 35% of alternatively spliced transcripts in human cells contain premature termination codons (PTCs) and are targeted for degradation via nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), a vital quality control process. Inflammatory cytokines, whose levels are increased in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes, stimulate alternative splicing events and the expression of NMD components, and may or may not be associated with the activation of the NMD pathway. It is, however, now possible to infer that NMD plays a crucial role in regulating transcript processing in normal and stress conditions in pancreatic β-cells. In this review, we describe the possible role of Regulated Unproductive Splicing and Translation (RUST), a molecular mechanism embracing NMD activity in relationship to AS and translation of damaged transcript isoforms in these cells. This process substantially reduces the abundance of non-functional transcript isoforms, and its dysregulation may be involved in pancreatic β-cell failure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M. Ghiasi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Andersen PAK, Petrenko V, Rose PH, Koomen M, Fischer N, Ghiasi SM, Dahlby T, Dibner C, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Proinflammatory Cytokines Perturb Mouse and Human Pancreatic Islet Circadian Rhythmicity and Induce Uncoordinated β-Cell Clock Gene Expression via Nitric Oxide, Lysine Deacetylases, and Immunoproteasomal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E83. [PMID: 33374803 PMCID: PMC7795908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell-specific clock knockout mice develop β-cell oxidative-stress and failure, as well as glucose-intolerance. How inflammatory stress affects the cellular clock is under-investigated. Real-time recording of Per2:luciferase reporter activity in murine and human pancreatic islets demonstrated that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) lengthened the circadian period. qPCR-profiling of core clock gene expression in insulin-producing cells suggested that the combination of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) caused pronounced but uncoordinated increases in mRNA levels of multiple core clock genes, in particular of reverse-erythroblastosis virus α (Rev-erbα), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The REV-ERBα/β agonist SR9009, used to mimic cytokine-mediated Rev-erbα induction, reduced constitutive and cytokine-induced brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1) mRNA levels in INS-1 cells as expected. SR9009 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced insulin-1/2 (Ins-1/2) mRNA and accumulated- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced cell viability, and increased apoptosis levels, reminiscent of cytokine toxicity. In contrast, low (<5,0 μM) concentrations of SR9009 increased Ins-1 mRNA and accumulated insulin-secretion without affecting INS-1 cell viability, mirroring low-concentration IL-1β mediated β-cell stimulation. Inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, the lysine deacetylase HDAC3 and the immunoproteasome reduced cytokine-mediated increases in clock gene expression. In conclusion, the cytokine-combination perturbed the intrinsic clocks operative in mouse and human pancreatic islets and induced uncoordinated clock gene expression in INS-1 cells, the latter effect associated with NO, HDAC3, and immunoproteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Alexander Keller Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, D05.2147c Rue Michel-Servet, 1 CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (V.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Peter Horskjær Rose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Melissa Koomen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Nico Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Tina Dahlby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, D05.2147c Rue Michel-Servet, 1 CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (V.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (P.A.K.A.); (P.H.R.); (M.K.); (N.F.); (S.M.G.); (T.D.)
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