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Valencia-Ortiz M, Marzougui A, Zhang C, Bali S, Odubiyi S, Sathuvalli V, Bosque-Pérez NA, Pumphrey MO, Sankaran S. Biogenic VOCs Emission Profiles Associated with Plant-Pest Interaction for Phenotyping Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4870. [PMID: 35808366 PMCID: PMC9269240 DOI: 10.3390/s22134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pest attacks on plants can substantially change plants' volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission profiles. Comparison of VOC emission profiles between non-infected/non-infested and infected/infested plants, as well as resistant and susceptible plant cultivars, may provide cues for a deeper understanding of plant-pest interactions and associated resistance. Furthermore, the identification of biomarkers-specific biogenic VOCs-associated with the resistance can serve as a non-destructive and rapid tool for phenotyping applications. This research aims to compare the VOCs emission profiles under diverse conditions to identify constitutive (also referred to as green VOCs) and induced (resulting from biotic/abiotic stress) VOCs released in potatoes and wheat. In the first study, wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum (accession# 22; SB22) was inoculated with Meloidogyne chitwoodi race 1 (Mc1), and Mc1 pathotype Roza (SB22 is resistant to Mc1 and susceptible to pathotype Roza), and VOCs emission profiles were collected using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) at different time points. Similarly, in the second study, the VOCs emission profiles of resistant ('Hollis') and susceptible ('Alturas') wheat cultivars infested with Hessian fly insects were evaluated using the GC-FID system. In both studies, in addition to variable plant responses (susceptibility to pests), control treatments (non-inoculated or non-infested) were used to compare the VOCs emission profiles resulting from differences in stress conditions. The common VOC peaks (constitutive VOCs) between control and infected/infested samples, and unique VOC peaks (induced VOCs) presented only in infected/infested samples were analyzed. In the potato-nematode study, the highest unique peak was found two days after inoculation (DAI) for SB22 inoculated with Mc1 (resistance response). The most common VOC peaks in SB22 inoculated with both Mc1 and Roza were found at 5 and 10 DAI. In the wheat-insect study, only the Hollis showed unique VOC peaks. Interestingly, both cultivars released the same common VOCs between control and infected samples, with only a difference in VOC average peak intensity at 22.4 min retention time where the average intensity was 4.3 times higher in the infested samples of Hollis than infested samples of Alturas. These studies demonstrate the potential of plant VOCs to serve as a rapid phenotyping tool to assess resistance levels in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Valencia-Ortiz
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.V.-O.); (A.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Afef Marzougui
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.V.-O.); (A.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chongyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.V.-O.); (A.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sapinder Bali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Steven Odubiyi
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (S.O.); (N.A.B.-P.)
| | - Vidyasagar Sathuvalli
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA;
| | - Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (S.O.); (N.A.B.-P.)
| | - Michael O. Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Sindhuja Sankaran
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.V.-O.); (A.M.); (C.Z.)
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Constantino N, Oh Y, Şennik E, Andersen B, Warden M, Oralkan Ö, Dean RA. Soybean Cyst Nematodes Influence Aboveground Plant Volatile Signals Prior to Symptom Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749014. [PMID: 34659318 PMCID: PMC8513716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most destructive soybean pests worldwide. Unlike many diseases, SCN doesn't show above ground evidence of disease until several weeks after infestation. Knowledge of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) related to pests and pathogens of foliar tissue is extensive, however, information related to above ground VOCs in response to root damage is lacking. In temporal studies, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of VOCs from the foliar tissues of SCN infested plants yielded 107 VOCs, referred to as Common Plant Volatiles (CPVs), 33 with confirmed identities. Plants showed no significant stunting until 10 days after infestation. Total CPVs increased over time and were significantly higher from SCN infested plants compared to mock infested plants post 7 days after infestation (DAI). Hierarchical clustering analysis of expression ratios (SCN: Mock) across all time points revealed 5 groups, with the largest group containing VOCs elevated in response to SCN infestation. Linear projection of Principal Component Analysis clearly separated SCN infested from mock infested plants at time points 5, 7, 10 and 14 DAI. Elevated Styrene (CPV11), D-Limonene (CPV32), Tetradecane (CPV65), 2,6-Di-T-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one (CPV74), Butylated Hydroxytoluene (CPV76) and suppressed Ethylhexyl benzoate (CPV87) levels, were associated with SCN infestation prior to stunting. Our findings demonstrate that SCN infestation elevates the release of certain VOCs from foliage and that some are evident prior to symptom development. VOCs associated with SCN infestations prior to symptom development may be valuable for innovative diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasie Constantino
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yeonyee Oh
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Erdem Şennik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brian Andersen
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Michael Warden
- BASF Plant Science, Research Triangle, NC, United States
| | - Ömer Oralkan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ralph A. Dean
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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