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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Ghasemi A, Eslami Ardakani M, Togha M, Yazdi N, Lang AE, Amini E, Rohani M, Alavi A. A Novel Homozygous Variant in the MCOLN1 Gene Associated With Severe Oromandibular Dystonia and Parkinsonism. Can J Neurol Sci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38532569 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2024.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a rare, progressive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, delayed motor milestones and ophthalmologic abnormalities. MLIV is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, encoding mucolipin-1 which is responsible for maintaining lysosomal function. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Here, we report a family of four Iranian siblings with cognitive decline, progressive visual and pyramidal disturbances, and abnormal movements manifested by severe oromandibular dystonia and parkinsonism. MRI scans of the brain demonstrated signal abnormalities in the white matter and thinning of the corpus callosum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous variant, c.362C > T:p. Thr121Met in the MCOLN1 gene consistent with a diagnosis of MLIV. The presentation of MLIV may overlap with a variety of other neurological diseases, and genetic analysis is an important strategy to clarify the diagnosis. This is an important point that clinicians should be familiar with. The novel variant c.362C > T:p. Thr121Met herein described may be related to a comparatively older age at onset. Our study also expands the clinical spectrum of MLIV associated with the MCOLN1 variants and introduces a novel likely pathogenic variant for testing in MLIV cases that remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Genetics research center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Eslami Ardakani
- Neurology Ward, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Neurology Ward, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Yazdi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman. Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elahe Amini
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics research center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gaudioso Á, Silva TP, Ledesma MD. Models to study basic and applied aspects of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114532. [PMID: 36122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available treatments and fatal outcome in most lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have spurred research on pathological mechanisms and novel therapies in recent years. In this effort, experimental methodology in cellular and animal models have been developed, with aims to address major challenges in many LSDs such as patient-to-patient variability and brain condition. These techniques and models have advanced knowledge not only of LSDs but also for other lysosomal disorders and have provided fundamental insights into the biological roles of lysosomes. They can also serve to assess the efficacy of classical therapies and modern drug delivery systems. Here, we summarize the techniques and models used in LSD research, which include both established and recently developed in vitro methods, with general utility or specifically addressing lysosomal features. We also review animal models of LSDs together with cutting-edge technology that may reduce the need for animals in the study of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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D’Souza A, Ryan E, Sidransky E. Facial features of lysosomal storage disorders. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:467-474. [PMID: 36384353 PMCID: PMC9817214 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of facial recognition technology has diversified the diagnostic toolbelt for clinicians and researchers for the accurate diagnoses of patients with rare and challenging disorders. Specific identifiers in patient images can be grouped using artificial intelligence to allow the recognition of diseases and syndromes with similar features. Lysosomal storage disorders are rare, and some have prominent and unique features that may be used to train the accuracy of facial recognition software algorithms. Noteworthy features of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) include facial features such as prominent brows, wide noses, thickened lips, mouth, and chin, resulting in coarse and rounded facial features. AREAS COVERED We evaluated and report the prevalence of facial phenotypes in patients with different LSDs, noting two current examples when artificial intelligence strategies have been utilized to identify distinctive facies. EXPERT OPINION Specific LSDs, including Gaucher disease, Mucolipidosis IV and Fabry disease have recently been distinguished using facial recognition software. Additional lysosomal disorders LSDs lysosomal storage disorders with unique and distinguishable facial features also merit evaluation using this technology. These tools may ultimately aid in the identification of specific LSDs and shorten the diagnostic odyssey for patients with these rare and under-recognized disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Souza
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Emory Ryan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and an Overview of Potential Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810573. [PMID: 36142486 PMCID: PMC9503973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognised a major contributory factor to the pathophysiology of a number of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs is as yet uncertain, but appears to be triggered by a number of different factors, although oxidative stress and impaired mitophagy appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst this group of disorders, including Gaucher’s disease, Niemann–Pick disease, type C, and mucopolysaccharidosis. Many LSDs resulting from defects in lysosomal hydrolase activity show neurodegeneration, which remains challenging to treat. Currently available curative therapies are not sufficient to meet patients’ needs. In view of the documented evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegeneration of LSDs, along with the reciprocal interaction between the mitochondrion and the lysosome, novel therapeutic strategies that target the impairment in both of these organelles could be considered in the clinical management of the long-term neurodegenerative complications of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to outline the putative mechanisms that may be responsible for the reported mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs and to discuss the new potential therapeutic developments.
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Gibson D, Brar V, Li R, Kalra A, Goodwin A, Couser N. The High Association of Ophthalmic Manifestations in Individuals With Mucolipidosis Type IV. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2022; 59:332-337. [PMID: 35192386 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20211206-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a case report of mucolipidosis type IV (ML4) and review the literature for all of the ophthalmic abnormalities associated with this disease. METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed/Medline was conducted, and with the addition of the current case report, the eye and ocular adnexa findings of 93 patients with ML4 are summarized. RESULTS The most common ophthalmic findings reported among the 93 patients included corneal clouding (90.3%), strabismus (58.1%), optic nerve pallor (52.2%), retinal dystrophy/pigmentary changes (50.5%), and retinal vascular attenuation (38.9%). Other less commonly reported findings included nystagmus, photophobia, ocular pain, excessive lacrimation, ptosis, and cataracts. CONCLUSIONS The ophthalmic findings discussed in the current case report and literature review serve as indicators for ML4. Early diagnosis of ML4 is important in forming a multidisciplinary management plan, genetic counseling strategy, and maximizing the visual development of affected individuals. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabimus. 2022;59(5):332-337.].
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Kloska A, Węsierska M, Malinowska M, Gabig-Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipophagy and Lipolysis Status in Lipid Storage and Lipid Metabolism Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6113. [PMID: 32854299 PMCID: PMC7504288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses how lipophagy and cytosolic lipolysis degrade cellular lipids, as well as how these pathway ys communicate, how they affect lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in cells and how their dysfunction affects the pathogenesis of lipid storage and lipid metabolism diseases. Answers to these questions will likely uncover novel strategies for the treatment of aforementioned human diseases, but, above all, will avoid destructive effects of high concentrations of lipids-referred to as lipotoxicity-resulting in cellular dysfunction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Węsierska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
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Stepien KM, Roncaroli F, Turton N, Hendriksz CJ, Roberts M, Heaton RA, Hargreaves I. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: A Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082596. [PMID: 32796538 PMCID: PMC7463786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important contributory factor to the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs appears to be multifactorial, although impaired mitophagy and oxidative stress appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst these heterogeneous disorders. Once impaired, dysfunctional mitochondria may impact upon the function of the lysosome by the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as depriving the lysosome of ATP which is required by the V-ATPase proton pump to maintain the acidity of the lumen. Given the reported evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs together with the important symbiotic relationship between these two organelles, therapeutic strategies targeting both lysosome and mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important consideration in the treatment of LSDs. In this review we examine the putative mechanisms that may be responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in reported LSDs which will be supplemented with morphological and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Christian J. Hendriksz
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Unit, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Mark Roberts
- Neurology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
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