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Tan Q, Huan X, Pan Z, Yang X, Wei Y, Zhou C, Wang W, Wang L. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Functions of MiMYB Gene Family in Macadamia Nut Pericarp Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6840. [PMID: 38999950 PMCID: PMC11241416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macadamia nuts are one of the most important economic food items in the world. Pericarp thickness and flavonoid composition are the key quality traits of Macadamia nuts, but the underlying mechanism of pericarp formation is still unknown. In this study, three varieties with significantly different pericarp thicknesses, namely, A38, Guire No.1, and HAES 900, at the same stage of maturity, were used for transcriptome analysis, and the results showed that there were significant differences in their gene expression profile. A total of 3837 new genes were discovered, of which 1532 were functionally annotated. The GO, COG, and KEGG analysis showed that the main categories in which there were significant differences were flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, 63 MiMYB transcription factors were identified, and 56 R2R3-MYB transcription factors were clustered into different subgroups compared with those in Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB. Among them, the S4, S6, and S7 subgroups were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and pericarp formation. A total of 14 MiMYBs' gene expression were verified by RT-qPCR analysis. These results provide fundamental knowledge of the pericarp formation regulatory mechanism in macadamia nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Tan
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Xiuju Huan
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Yuanrong Wei
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Chunheng Zhou
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China; (Q.T.)
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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Dong J, Zhao X, Song X, Wang S, Zhao X, Liang B, Long Y, Xing Z. Identification of Eleutherococcus senticosus NAC transcription factors and their mechanisms in mediating DNA methylation of EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE promoters to regulate saponin synthesis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:536. [PMID: 38816704 PMCID: PMC11140872 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of pharmacologically active components in medicinal plants is significantly impacted by DNA methylation. However, the exact mechanisms through which DNA methylation regulates secondary metabolism remain incompletely understood. Research in model species has demonstrated that DNA methylation at the transcription factor binding site within functional gene promoters can impact the binding of transcription factors to target DNA, subsequently influencing gene expression. These findings suggest that the interaction between transcription factors and target DNA could be a significant mechanism through which DNA methylation regulates secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. RESULTS This research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the NAC family in E. senticosus, encompassing genome-wide characterization and functional analysis. A total of 117 EsNAC genes were identified and phylogenetically divided into 15 subfamilies. Tandem duplications and chromosome segment duplications were found to be the primary replication modes of these genes. Motif 2 was identified as the core conserved motif of the genes, and the cis-acting elements, gene structures, and expression patterns of each EsNAC gene were different. EsJUB1, EsNAC047, EsNAC098, and EsNAC005 were significantly associated with the DNA methylation ratio in E. senticosus. These four genes were located in the nucleus or cytoplasm and exhibited transcriptional self-activation activity. DNA methylation in EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE promoters significantly reduced their activity. The methyl groups added to cytosine directly hindered the binding of the promoters to EsJUB1, EsNAC047, EsNAC098, and EsNAC005 and altered the expression of EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE genes, eventually leading to changes in saponin synthesis in E. senticosus. CONCLUSIONS NAC transcription factors that are hindered from binding by methylated DNA are found in E. senticosus. The incapacity of these NACs to bind to the promoter of the methylated saponin synthase gene leads to subsequent alterations in gene expression and saponin synthesis. This research is the initial evidence showcasing the involvement of EsNAC in governing the impact of DNA methylation on saponin production in E. senticosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Xuelei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Xueying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Baoxiang Liang
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Yuehong Long
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhaobin Xing
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
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Han Y, Li F, Wu Y, Wang D, Luo G, Wang X, Wang X, Kuang H, Larkin RM. PSEUDO-ETIOLATION IN LIGHT proteins reduce greening by binding GLK transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1722-1744. [PMID: 38051979 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Knocking out genes encoding proteins that downregulate the accumulation of pigments may lead to increases in crop quality and yield. PSEUDO-ETIOLATION IN LIGHT 1 (PEL1) downregulates the accumulation of carotenoids in carrot and chlorophyll in Arabidopsis and rice and may inhibit GOLDEN 2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors. PEL1 belongs to a previously unstudied gene family found only in plants. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out each member of the 4-member PEL gene family and both GLK genes in Arabidopsis. In pel mutants, chlorophyll levels were elevated in seedlings; after flowering, chloroplasts increased in size, and anthocyanin levels increased. Although the chlorophyll-deficient phenotype of glk1 glk2 was epistatic to pel1 pel2 pel3 pel4 in most of our experiments, glk1 glk2 was not epistatic to pel1 pel2 pel3 pel4 for the accumulation of anthocyanins in most of our experiments. The pel alleles attenuated growth, altered the accumulation of nutrients in seeds, disrupted an abscisic acid-inducible inhibition of seedling growth response that promotes drought tolerance, and affected the expression of genes associated with diverse biological functions, such as stress responses, cell wall metabolism hormone responses, signaling, growth, and the accumulation of phenylpropanoids and pigments. We found that PEL proteins specifically bind 6 transcription factors that influence the accumulation of anthocyanins, GLK2, and the carboxy termini of GLK1 and Arabidopsis thaliana myeloblastosis oncogene homolog 4 (AtMYB4). Our data indicate that the PEL proteins influence the accumulation of chlorophyll and many other processes, possibly by inhibiting GLK transcription factors and via other mechanisms, and that multiple mechanisms downregulate chlorophyll content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbao Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinning Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhui Kuang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Duan J, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhi H, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Luo J. The Paeonia qiui R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PqMYBF1 Positively Regulates Flavonol Accumulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1427. [PMID: 37050052 PMCID: PMC10096829 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony is a "spring colored-leaf" plant which has red leaves in early spring, and the red color of the leaves usually fades in late spring. Flavonols are one subgroup of flavonoids, and they affect the plant organs' color as co-pigments of anthocyanins. To investigate the color variation mechanism of leaves in tree peony, PqMYBF1, one flavonol biosynthesis-related MYB gene was isolated from Paeonia qiui and characterized. PqMYBF1 contained the SG7 and SG7-2 motifs which are unique in flavonol-specific MYB regulators. Subcellular localization and transactivation assay showed that PqMYBF1 localized to the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional activator. The ectopic expression of PqMYBF1 in transgenic tobacco caused an observable increase in flavonol level and the anthocyanin accumulation was decreased significantly, resulting in pale pink flowers. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PqMYBF1 could activate the promoters of PqCHS, PqF3H, and PqFLS. These results suggested that PqMYBF1 could promote flavonol biosynthesis by activating PqCHS, PqF3H, and PqFLS expression, which leads metabolic flux from anthocyanin to flavonol pathway, resulting in more flavonol accumulation. These findings provide a new train of thought for the molecular mechanism of leaf color variation in tree peony in spring, which will be helpful for the molecular breeding of tree peony with colored foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhangzhen Bai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
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Liu H, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Zhou X, Li B. Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Provides Insights into Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Camellia nitidissima Petals. Gene 2022; 850:146924. [PMID: 36191826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the main medicinal ingredients in Camellia nitidissima, but the regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers is unclear; therefore, the flavonoids in C. nitidissima have not been effectively used. The present study performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of C. nitidissima flower. Furthermore, the reported RNA-sequencing data of C. nitidissima petals were reanalyzed using the full-length transcriptome as a reference, and the regulatory mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in petals was elucidated. The analysis identified 43,350 isoforms annotated in non-redundant protein (Nr), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), and Swiss-Prot databases, among which 34,602 aligned to Camellia sinensis genes. A total of 11,857 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 112 related to flavonoid synthesis, were identified by pairwise comparison. Subsequently, analysis of the phylogeny and the conserved motifs of R2R3-MYB using the proteins sequences identified three R2R3-MYB transcription factors that regulated flavonoid biosynthesis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase(4CL) as the hub genes and showed that bHLH79 interacted with PAL. Finally, validated the expression of seven DEGs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Thus, the present study generated and used the full-length transcriptome as the reference to analyze the transcriptome of petals and proposed a possible regulatory mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in C. nitidissima. The study's findings unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying flavonoid synthesis and suggest candidate genes for the genetic improvement of C. nitidissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexia Liu
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China.
| | - Xingwen Zhou
- College of Architecture and Planning, FuJian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Bo Li
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China.
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6
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Xia P, Hu W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Yan K, Liang Z. Structural and interactions analysis of a transcription factor PnMYB2 in Panax notoginseng. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153756. [PMID: 35767909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Panax notoginseng, are the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). They can be synthesized via the mevalonate pathway; PnSS and PnSE1 are the key rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway. In this study, an interaction between PnMYB2 and the key enzymes was identified and characterized from the P. notoginseng cDNA library using the Y1H technique. Subsequently, X-α-gal color reaction confirmed the interaction between PnMYB2 and the upstream sequences of PnSS and PnSE1 promoters. Full-length cDNA sequence of PnMYB2 was isolated and characterized. PnMYB2 has an open reading frame of 864 bp, encoding 287 amino acids. 3D structural analysis of PnMYB2 indicated that its structure was similar to that of the template. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PnMYB2 and PgMYB2 are highly homologous and belong to the R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF). Subcellular localization analysis showed that PnMYB2 was localized in the nucleus. The recombinant protein PnMYB2 was successfully obtained through prokaryotic expression and was confirmed to be an inclusion body protein. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments demonstrated that PnMYB2 specifically binds to MYB core and AC-rich elements. This study provides a theoretical basis for transcriptional regulation of saponin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengguo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Wanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Sanqi Research, Wenshan University, Wenshan, 663000, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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He J, Xu Y, Huang D, Fu J, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu R, Li L, Deng X, Xu Q. TRIPTYCHON-LIKE regulates aspects of both fruit flavor and color in citrus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3610-3624. [PMID: 35263759 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic basis of organoleptic traits is critical for improving the quality of fruits, which greatly shapes their appeal to consumers. Here, we characterize the citrus R3-MYB transcription factor TRIPTYCHON-LIKE (CitTRL), which is closely associated with the levels of citric acid, proanthocyanidins (PAs), and anthocyanins. Overexpression of CitTRL lowered acidity levels and PA contents in citrus calli as well as anthocyanin and PA contents in Arabidopsis leaves and seeds. CitTRL interacts with the two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins CitbHLH1 and ANTHOCYANIN 1 (CitAN1) to regulate fruit quality. We show that CitTRL competes with the R2R3-MYB CitRuby1 for binding to CitbHLH1 or CitAN1, thereby repressing their activation of anthocyanin structural genes. CitTRL also competes with a second R2R3-MYB, CitPH4, for binding to CitAN1, thus altering the expression of the vacuolar proton-pump gene PH5 and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase, responsible for vacuolar acidification and proanthocyanidins biosynthesis, respectively. Moreover, CitPH4 activates CitTRL transcription, thus forming an activator-repressor loop to prevent the overaccumulation of citric acid and PAs. Overall, this study demonstrates that CitTRL acts as a repressor of the accumulation of citric acid, PAs, and anthocyanins by a cross-regulation mechanism. Our results provide an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate these key traits as a means to produce citrus fruits that are both visually and organoleptically appealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ding Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jialing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Regulation of BcMYB44 on Anthocyanin Synthesis and Drought Tolerance in Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the regulation of BcMYB44 on anthocyanin synthesis and drought tolerance of non-heading Chinese cabbage. The BcMYB44 gene was cloned from the purple inbred line ‘NJZX1-3’ and its green mutant ‘NJZX1-0’. Sequence analysis confirmed that BcMYB44 belongs to the R2R3-MYB family and has the highest homology with BnMYB44. Subcellular localization revealed that BcMYB44 is a nuclear protein. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Bimolecular Fluorescent Complimentary (BiFC) experiments showed that BcMYB44 interacts with BcPAP1 and BcEGL3. Pigment detection of BcPAP1 and BcMYB44 protein activity in N. benthamiana indicates that BcMYB44 plays a negative regulatory role by inhibiting the expression of key structural genes (F3H, DFR, etc.) in anthocyanin synthesis. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) further confirmed this inhibition. Analysis of drought tolerance of non-heading Chinese cabbage based on VIGS showed that pTY-S plants are more resistant to drought than pTY-BcMYB44 plants. The results indicate that BcMYB44 has a positive regulatory role in drought stress, which most likely is achieved by inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation, regulating stomatal movement, and improving osmotic regulation and homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Han L, Zhou L, Zou H, Yuan M, Wang Y. PsGSTF3, an Anthocyanin-Related Glutathione S-Transferase Gene, Is Essential for Petal Coloration in Tree Peony. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031423. [PMID: 35163347 PMCID: PMC8836093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, as the most important chromogenic substances in flavonoids, are responsible for the red, purple, and blue coloration of flowers. Anthocyanins are synthesized in the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but accumulate predominantly in the vacuole, while glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are considered to be mainly responsible for the transport process. Our previous studies showed that the expression of PsGSTF3 was positively correlated with anthocyanin content in tree peony tissues, which is a key candidate gene for anthocyanin accumulation. Here, we successfully cloned and characterized full-length PsGSTF3 containing three exons and two introns. Subcellular localization showed that PsGSTF3 was localized in the nucleus and ER membrane. Functional complementation of the Arabidopsis transparent testa19 (tt19) mutant indicated that PsGSTF3 was responsible for the transport of anthocyanins but not of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of PsGSTF3 not only led to a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation but also caused a reduction of structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP) to varying degrees. Heterologous overexpression of PsGSTF3 was found to increase the anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco petals. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay showed that PsGSTF3 interacted with PsDFR, which together contributed to the coloration of petals. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that PsGSTF3 encodes an important GST transporter of anthocyanin in tree peony petals and provides a new perspective for the associated transport and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6288-9715
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10
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Liu X, Duan J, Huo D, Li Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Niu L, Luo J. The Paeonia qiui R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PqMYB113 Positively Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana and Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:810990. [PMID: 35095984 PMCID: PMC8789887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.810990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia qiui is a wild species of tree peony native to China. Its leaves are purplish red from the bud germination to the flowering stage, and anthocyanin is the main pigment in purplish red leaves. However, the anthocyanin synthesis regulation mechanism in tree peony leaves remains unclear. In this study, an R2R3-MYB, PqMYB113 was identified from the leaves of P. qiui. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PqMYB113 clustered with Liquidambar LfMYB113 and grape VvMYBA6. Subcellular location analysis showed that PqMYB113 was located in the cell nucleus. The transient reporter assay suggested that PqMYB113 was a transcriptional activator. The overexpression of PqMYB113 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) resulted in increased anthocyanin accumulation and the upregulation of CHS, F3H, F3'H, DFR, and ANS. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that PqMYB113 could activate the promoters of PqDFR and PqANS. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that PqMYB113 could form a ternary MBW complex with PqbHLH1 and PqWD40 cofactors. These results provide insight into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tree peony leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resource, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Dan Huo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
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11
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Yang J, Meng J, Liu X, Hu J, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Jia G, He H, Yuan T. Integrated mRNA and small RNA sequencing reveals a regulatory network associated with flower color in oriental hybrid lily. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:103-114. [PMID: 34091210 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are one of the main components of pigments, that are responsible for a wide range of colors in plants. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in oriental hybrid lily, UPLC/MS analysis was performed to identify the pigments in two cultivars (white and pink). Four major anthocyanins were identified in pink cultivar, and no anthocyanins were detected in white cultivar. Transcriptome and small RNA sequencing (sRNAseq) analyses were performed using tepal tissues at two floral developmental stages from the two cultivars. In total, 55,698 transcripts were assembled, among which 233 were annotated as putative anthocyanin-related transcripts. Differential expression analysis and qRT-PCR results confirmed that most of the anthocyanin-related structural genes had higher expression levels in pink cultivar than in white cultivar. Conversely, LhANR showed a significantly high expression level in white cultivar. Annotated transcription factors (TFs), including MYB activators, MYB repressors and bHLHs, that putatively inhibit or enhance the expression of anthocyanin-related genes were identified. LhMYBA1, an anthocyanin activator, was isolated, and its heterologous expression resulted in a remarkably high level of anthocyanin accumulation. Additionally, 73 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs), including 23 known miRNAs, were detected through sRNAseq. The miRNA target prediction showed that several anthocyanin-related genes might be targeted by miRNAs. Expression profile analysis revealed that these miRNAs showed higher expression levels at later floral developmental stages in white cultivar than in pink cultivar. The results indicated that anthocyanin deficiency in white cultivar might be influenced by multiple levels of suppressive mechanisms, including mRNAs and sRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junshu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guixia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hengbin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Jia N, Wang JJ, Liu J, Jiang J, Sun J, Yan P, Sun Y, Wan P, Ye W, Fan B. DcTT8, a bHLH transcription factor, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Dendrobium candidum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:603-612. [PMID: 33774465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium candidum stems are used as Chinese medicine and functional food. Red stems of D. candidum are rich in anthocyanins, which attract pollinator insects, protect the plants against environmental stress, and improve human health. The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis and stem color differentiation in D. candidum are not fully understood. Using transcriptome profiling, we identified a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (DcTT8) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in D. candidum stems. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine pigment contents and compositions in red and green stems, revealing that cyanidin is responsible for the red color. DcTT8 could bind the DcF3'H and DcUFGT promoters and finely regulate DcF3'H and DcUFGT expression. Our data indicate that DcTT8 participates in anthocyanin biosynthesis and offers novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in D. candidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment on Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment on Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian, Fujian, 365050, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment on Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peipei Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian, Fujian, 365050, China.
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment on Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peiyu Wan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian, Fujian, 365050, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian, Fujian, 365050, China.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment on Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
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