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Duan X, Zhang Y, Huang X, Ma X, Gao H, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Huang C, Wang Z, Li B, Yang W, Wang Y. GreenPhos, a universal method for in-depth measurement of plant phosphoproteomes with high quantitative reproducibility. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:199-213. [PMID: 38018035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates a variety of important cellular and physiological processes in plants. In-depth profiling of plant phosphoproteomes has been more technically challenging than that of animal phosphoproteomes. This is largely due to the need to improve protein extraction efficiency from plant cells, which have a dense cell wall, and to minimize sample loss resulting from the stringent sample clean-up steps required for the removal of a large amount of biomolecules interfering with phosphopeptide purification and mass spectrometry analysis. To this end, we developed a method with a streamlined workflow for highly efficient purification of phosphopeptides from tissues of various green organisms including Arabidopsis, rice, tomato, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, enabling in-depth identification with high quantitative reproducibility of about 11 000 phosphosites, the greatest depth achieved so far with single liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) runs operated in a data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. The mainstay features of the method are the minimal sample loss achieved through elimination of sample clean-up before protease digestion and of desalting before phosphopeptide enrichment and hence the dramatic increases of time- and cost-effectiveness. The method, named GreenPhos, combined with single-shot LC-MS, enabled in-depth quantitative identification of Arabidopsis phosphoproteins, including differentially phosphorylated spliceosomal proteins, at multiple time points during salt stress and a number of kinase substrate motifs. GreenPhos is expected to serve as a universal method for purification of plant phosphopeptides, which, if samples are further fractionated and analyzed by multiple LC-MS runs, could enable measurement of plant phosphoproteomes with an unprecedented depth using a given mass spectrometry technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Hyden B, Carper DL, Abraham PE, Yuan G, Yao T, Baumgart L, Zhang Y, Chen C, O'Malley R, Chen J, Yang X, Hettich RL, Tuskan GA, Smart LB. Functional analysis of Salix purpurea genes support roles for ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulators of sex determination. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e3546. [PMID: 38028649 PMCID: PMC10651977 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Salicaceae family is of growing interest in the study of dioecy in plants because the sex determination region (SDR) has been shown to be highly dynamic, with differing locations and heterogametic systems between species. Without the ability to transform and regenerate Salix in tissue culture, previous studies investigating the mechanisms regulating sex in the genus Salix have been limited to genome resequencing and differential gene expression, which are mostly descriptive in nature, and functional validation of candidate sex determination genes has not yet been conducted. Here, we used Arabidopsis to functionally characterize a suite of previously identified candidate genes involved in sex determination and sex dimorphism in the bioenergy shrub willow Salix purpurea. Six candidate master regulator genes for sex determination were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, followed by floral proteome analysis. In addition, 11 transcription factors with predicted roles in mediating sex dimorphism downstream of the SDR were tested using DAP-Seq in both male and female S. purpurea DNA. The results of this study provide further evidence to support models for the roles of ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulator genes of sex determination in S. purpurea, contributing to a regulatory system that is notably different from that of its sister genus Populus. Evidence was also obtained for the roles of two transcription factors, an AP2/ERF family gene and a homeodomain-like transcription factor, in downstream regulation of sex dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Hyden
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell University, Cornell AgriTechGenevaNew YorkUSA
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Dana L. Carper
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Tao Yao
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Leo Baumgart
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUS Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUS Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cindy Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUS Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ronan O'Malley
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUS Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Lawrence B. Smart
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell University, Cornell AgriTechGenevaNew YorkUSA
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Zhou G, Ma S, Yang M, Yang Y. Global Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Downstream Signaling Networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in Myoblast Differentiation. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:201-210. [PMID: 36939786 PMCID: PMC9590559 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) coordinate in myoblast differentiation and also contribute to muscle defects if altered during development. Deciphering the downstream signaling networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in myoblast differentiation will help us to understand the molecular events that contribute to muscle defects. Here, the proteomics characteristics in Msx1- and Msx2-mediated myoblast differentiation was evaluated using isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification labeling technique (iTRAQ). The downstream regulatory proteins of Msx1- and Msx2-mediated differentiation were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were primarily associated with xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450, fatty acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and apoptosis. In addition, our data show Acta1 was probably a core of the downstream regulatory networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in myoblast differentiation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00049-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shuangping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yenan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
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