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Manawy SM, Faruk EM, Hindawy RF, Hassan MM, Farrag DMG, Bashar MAE, Fouad H, Bagabir RA, Hassan DAA, Zaazaa AM, Hablas MGA, Kamal KM. Modulation of the Sirtuin-1 signaling pathway in doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity (synergistic amelioration by resveratrol and pirfenidone). Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102330. [PMID: 38412579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to determine the precise mechanisms of Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), TGF- β (Transforming Growth Factor-β), and long non-coding RNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (LncRNA MALAT-1) in signaling pathways in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity. The potential therapeutic effect of Resveratrol and Pirfenidone in DOX toxicity was also assessed. Thirty-six male adult rats were evenly distributed into four groups: Group 1: control rats. Group 2: DOX exposed rats' group, each animal received 7.5 mg/kg DOX as a single intravenous dose, Group 3: DOX exposed group subjected to oral resveratrol (20 mg/kg/daily for two weeks), Group 4: DOX exposed group subjected to oral Pirfenidone (200 mg/kg once daily for 10 days). At the planned time, animals were sacrificed. Renal tissue was collected to assess matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), inflammatory and apoptotic markers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- β, caspase-3, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and oxidative stress markers: nitric oxide (NO), Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), TGF-β, and LncRNA MALAT-1 were quantitatively assessed by real-time RT-PCR in the whole blood. Results showed that the DOX group exhibited a significant increase in oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the renal tissue. Histologically, the renal tubule lining cells exhibited vacuolar alterations in the cytoplasm, glomerular atrophy, and vascular congestion. Furthermore, renal degeneration was evident, as confirmed by the heightened immuno-expression of MMP9. Exposure to DOX resulted in a significant decrease in Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) with a significant increase in the TGFβ, and LncRNA MALAT-1 gene expression. However, pre-treatment with either resveratrol/or Pirefenidone ameliorated the histological renal alterations, regulated the pathways of Sirt-1, TGFβ, and LncRNA MALAT-1, and decreased all oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers. In conclusion, DOX exposure leads to renal toxicity by inducing renal degeneration, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Administration of either resveratrol or Pirfenidone counteracted these changes and protected the kidney against DOX-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Mahmoud Manawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Eman Mohamed Faruk
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Rabab Fawzy Hindawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Diaa M G Farrag
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mansour A E Bashar
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Fouad
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Galala City, POB 43711, ATTAKA, Suez Governorate, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo POB 12613, Egypt.
| | - Rania Abubaker Bagabir
- College of Medicine, Hematology and Immunology Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Mohammed Zaazaa
- Students at Faculty of Medicine, Benha National University, Benha Colleges in Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - K Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Alvarenga L, Saldanha JF, Stockler-Pinto MB, Fouque D, Soulage CO, Mafra D. Effects of resveratrol on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate in Murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7. Biochimie 2023; 213:22-29. [PMID: 37142118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin produced by the gut microbiota that commonly accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can be harmful. Resveratrol is a polyphenol with properties that attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of resveratrol against the damage caused by IS in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Cells were treated with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 μmol/L of IS, in the presence of 50 μmol/L of resveratrol. The mRNA and protein expressions of erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured using rt-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also analyzed. As a result, it was demonstrated that resveratrol induces the activation of the Nrf2 pathway that enhances cytoprotective response. IS upregulated the NF-κB expression and downregulated the Nrf2 expression. In contrast, resveratrol treatment significantly reduced the MDA and ROS production and inhibited the IS-induced expression of NF-κB in macrophage-like RAW 264.7. In conclusion, resveratrol can mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress caused by uremic toxins produced by the gut microbiota, such as IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Juliana F Saldanha
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil
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Li J, Huang P, Cheng W, Niu Q. Stilbene-based derivatives as potential inhibitors of trimethylamine (TMA)-lyase affect gut microbiota in coronary heart disease. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:93-100. [PMID: 36655110 PMCID: PMC9834892 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by atherosclerosis, which may result in stenosis or blockage of the arterial cavity, leading to ischemic cardiac diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction (MI). Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the initiation and progression of CHD. The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is intimately linked to the pathophysiology of CHD. The hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) convert trimethylamine (TMA) to TMAO. As a result, it is critical to prevent TMA generation. Stilbenes could reduce cardiovascular disease mortality. Twelve stilbenes with inhibitory activity against TMA-lyase were compiled and evaluated in this study. Docking results showed Resveratroloside had the highest Vina score, indicating that it was the most active and might be employed as a lead molecule for further structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Li
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineBozhou UniversityBozhouChina
| | - Peng Huang
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Wangxing Cheng
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of PharmacyBozhou Vocational and Technical CollegeBozhouChina
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Ni Y, Zheng L, Nan S, Ke L, Fu Z, Jin J. Enterorenal crosstalks in diabetic nephropathy and novel therapeutics targeting the gut microbiota. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1406-1420. [PMID: 36239349 PMCID: PMC9827797 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut-kidney crosstalk in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is receiving increasing concern. On one hand, the decline in renal function increases circulating uremic toxins and affects the composition and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, intestinal dysbiosis destroys the epithelial barrier, leading to increased exposure to endotoxins, thereby exacerbating kidney damage by inducing systemic inflammation. Dietary inventions, such as higher fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), and engineering bacteria and phages, are potential microbiota-based therapies for DN. Furthermore, novel diabetic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, may affect the progression of DN partly through gut microbiota. In the current review, we mainly summarize the evidence concerning the gut-kidney axis in the advancement of DN and discuss therapies targeting the gut microbiota, expecting to provide new insight into the clinical treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Liujie Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Sujie Nan
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Lehui Ke
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China
| | - Juan Jin
- Urology & Nephrology CenterDepartment of NephrologyZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
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Zhao L, Xu J, Li S, Li B, Jia M, Pang B, Cui H. Resveratrol alleviates salivary gland dysfunction induced by ovariectomy in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:112-117. [PMID: 36155056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res), found abundant in many medicinal plants, exerts multiple biological functions in the body, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. Xerostomia is a major symptom of salivary gland dysfunction in menopausal women, which significantly compromises the quality of life. Here, we investigated the effect of Res on estrogen deficiency-induced salivary gland dysfunction in rats. We found that Res administration could reduce body weight and water consumption, and increase salivary fluid secretion and blood flow of the submandibular gland. Furthermore, Res therapy alleviated histological lesions, increased AQP5 expression, and inhibited cell apoptosis in submandibular gland tissue. Meanwhile, the action of antioxidants was restored and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were attenuated by Res supplementation. Collectively, Res effectively improved estrogen deficiency-induced hyposalivation, which may provide a novel, safe, and practical approach to protect the salivary glands of estrogen-deficient females against xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201601, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201601, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071100, PR China
| | - Boyue Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071100, PR China
| | - Muyun Jia
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Baoxing Pang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hao Cui
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201601, PR China.
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任 园, 王 佐, 薛 骏. [Gut-derived uremic toxin trimethylamine-N-oxide in cardiovascular disease under end-stage renal disease: an injury mechanism and therapeutic target]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2022; 39:848-852. [PMID: 36008350 PMCID: PMC10957347 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is cardiovascular disease, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to be one of the specific risk factors in the pathogenic process in recent years. TMAO is derived from intestinal bacterial metabolism of dietary choline, carnitine and other substances and subsequently catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase enzymes in the liver. The changes of intestinal bacteria in ESRD patients have contributed to the accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins such as TMAO, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid. While elevated TMAO concentration accelerates atherosclerosis through mechanisms such as inflammation, increased scavenger receptor expression, and inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport. In this review, this research introduces the biological function, metabolic processes of TMAO and mechanisms by which TMAO promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients and summarizes current interventions that may be used to reverse gut microbiota disturbances, such as activated carbon, fecal microbial transplantation, dietary improvement, probiotic and probiotic introduction. It also focuses on exploring intervention targets to reduce the gut-derived uremic toxin TMAO in order to explore the possibility of more cardiovascular disease treatments for ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 园 任
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - 佐元 王
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - 骏 薛
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota: What Is Their Connection in Early Life? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3954. [PMID: 35409313 PMCID: PMC9000069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-kidney interaction implicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the focus of increasing interest in recent years. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies could prevent CKD and its comorbidities. Considering that CKD can originate in early life, its treatment and prevention should start in childhood or even earlier in fetal life. Therefore, a better understanding of how the early-life gut microbiome impacts CKD in later life and how to develop ideal early interventions are unmet needs to reduce CKD. The purpose of the current review is to summarize (1) the current evidence on the gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in pediatric CKD; (2) current knowledge supporting the impact of the gut-kidney axis in CKD, including inflammation, immune response, alterations of microbiota compositions, short-chain fatty acids, and uremic toxins; and (3) an overview of the studies documenting early gut microbiota-targeted interventions in animal models of CKD of developmental origins. Treatment options include prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, etc. To accelerate the transition of gut microbiota-based therapies for early prevention of CKD, an extended comprehension of gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on pediatric CKD for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Leal VO, Kemp JA, Saldanha JF, Ribeiro-Alves M, Meireles T, Nakao LS, Mafra D. Can resveratrol supplementation reduce uremic toxins plasma levels from the gut microbiota in non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease patients? J Ren Nutr 2022; 32:685-691. [PMID: 35122992 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced by the gut microbiota are recognized as risk factors for many comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an accumulation of these toxins and nutritional strategies have been proposed to mitigate gut dysbiosis and, consequently, reduce these toxins. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on the plasma levels of IS, pCS, and IAA in non-dialyzed CKD patients. METHODS In this placebo-controlled crossover study, twenty non-dialyzed patients were randomly divided into two groups: they received either one capsule/day containing 500 mg of trans-resveratrol (63 ± 7.5 years, glomerular filtration ratio (GFR): 34 ± 14 mL/min, body mass index (BMI): 26.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2) or a placebo containing 500 mg wheat flour (62 ± 8.4 years, GFR: 34 ± 13 mL/min, BMI: 28.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2) during four weeks. After eight weeks of washout (no supplementation), another four weeks of supplementation with crossover was initiated. IS, IAA, and pCS plasma levels were quantified by the Reverse Phase High-Efficiency Liquid Chromatography method with fluorescent detection. The mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels were also evaluated. RESULTS As expected, the uremic toxins levels were negatively correlated with GFR, but no effect of trans-resveratrol supplementation was found on levels of IS, IAA, and pCS. There was a positive correlation between IS and Nrf2 (r = 0.24, p = 0.03) and also between IS and CRP (r = 0.21, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementation with trans-resveratrol did not reduce the plasma levels of IS, pCS, and IAA in non-dialyzed CKD patients. The interactions among uremic toxins and anti- and pro-inflammatory pathways deserve more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - L F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - V O Leal
- University Hospital Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)
| | - J A Kemp
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - J F Saldanha
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - M Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology, INI, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T Meireles
- Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Department of Basic Pathology, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L S Nakao
- Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Department of Basic Pathology, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - D Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Chen ZY, Xiao HW, Dong JL, Li Y, Wang B, Fan SJ, Cui M. Gut Microbiota-Derived PGF2α Fights against Radiation-Induced Lung Toxicity through the MAPK/NF-κB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010065. [PMID: 35052569 PMCID: PMC8773112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation pneumonia is a common and intractable side effect associated with radiotherapy for chest cancer and involves oxidative stress damage and inflammation, prematurely halting the remedy and reducing the life quality of patients. However, the therapeutic options for the complication have yielded disappointing results in clinical application. Here, we report an effective avenue for fighting against radiation pneumonia. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduced radiation pneumonia, scavenged oxidative stress and improved lung function in mouse models. Local chest irradiation shifted the gut bacterial taxonomic proportions, which were preserved by FMT. The level of gut microbiota-derived PGF2α decreased following irradiation but increased after FMT. Experimental mice with PGF2α replenishment, via an oral route, exhibited accumulated PGF2α in faecal pellets, peripheral blood and lung tissues, resulting in the attenuation of inflammatory status of the lung and amelioration of lung respiratory function following local chest irradiation. PGF2α activated the FP/MAPK/NF-κB axis to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis with radiation challenge; silencing MAPK attenuated the protective effect of PGF2α on radiation-challenged lung cells. Together, our findings pave the way for the clinical treatment of radiotherapy-associated complications and underpin PGF2α as a gut microbiota-produced metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300110, China; (Z.-Y.C.); (J.-L.D.); (Y.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Hui-Wen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Jia-Li Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300110, China; (Z.-Y.C.); (J.-L.D.); (Y.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300110, China; (Z.-Y.C.); (J.-L.D.); (Y.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300110, China; (Z.-Y.C.); (J.-L.D.); (Y.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300110, China; (Z.-Y.C.); (J.-L.D.); (Y.L.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300110, China; (Z.-Y.C.); (J.-L.D.); (Y.L.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.F.); (M.C.)
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A synthetic resveratrol analog termed Q205 reactivates latent HIV-1 through activation of P-TEFb. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114901. [PMID: 34971588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of HIV-1 latent reservoir creates the major obstacle toward an HIV-1 cure. The "shock and kill" strategy aims to reverse HIV-1 proviral latency using latency-reversing agents (LRAs), thus boosting immune recognition and clearance to residual infected cells. Unfortunately, to date, none of these tested LRA candidates has been demonstrated effectiveness and/or safety in reactivation HIV-1 latency. The discovery and development of effective, safe and affordable LRA candidates are urgently needed for creating an HIV-1 functional cure. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of small-molecule phenoxyacetic acid derivatives based on the resveratrol scaffold and found one of them, named 5, 7-dimethoxy-2-(5-(methoxymethyl) furan-2-yl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (Q205), effectively reactivated latent HIV-1 in latent HIV-1-infected cells without a corresponding increase in induction of potentially damaging cytokines. The molecular mechanism of Q205 is shown to increase the phosphorylation of the CDK9 T-loop at position Thr186, dissociate positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) from BRD4, and promote the Tat-mediated HIV-1 transcription and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) on Ser (CTD-Ser2P) to bind to the HIV promoter. This study provides a unique insight into resveratrol modified derivatives as promising leads for preclinical LRAs, which in turn may help toward inhibitor design and chemical optimization for improving HIV-1 shock-and kill-based efforts.
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Prospective Pharmacological Potential of Resveratrol in Delaying Kidney Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158258. [PMID: 34361023 PMCID: PMC8348580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unavoidable part of life. The more aged we become, the more susceptible we become to various complications and damages to the vital organs, including the kidneys. The existing drugs for kidney diseases are mostly of synthetic origins; thus, natural compounds with minimal side-effects have attracted growing interest from the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. A literature search was carried out to collect published research information on the effects of resveratrol on kidney aging. Recently, resveratrol has emerged as a potential anti-aging agent. This versatile polyphenol exerts its anti-aging effects by intervening in various pathologies and multi-signaling systems, including sirtuin type 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. Researchers are trying to figure out the detailed mechanisms and possible resveratrol-mediated interventions in divergent pathways at the molecular level. This review highlights (i) the causative factors implicated in kidney aging and the therapeutic aspects of resveratrol, and (ii) the effectiveness of resveratrol in delaying the aging process of the kidney while minimizing all possible side effects.
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Cardiovascular Diseases of Developmental Origins: Preventive Aspects of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072290. [PMID: 34371800 PMCID: PMC8308390 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can originate from early life. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota in early life is linked to CVDs in later life. Gut microbiota-targeted therapy has gained significant importance in recent decades for its health-promoting role in the prevention (rather than just treatment) of CVDs. Thus far, available gut microbiota-based treatment modalities used as reprogramming interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. The purpose of this review is, first, to highlight current studies that link dysbiotic gut microbiota to the developmental origins of CVD. This is followed by a summary of the connections between the gut microbiota and CVD behind cardiovascular programming, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), uremic toxins, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This review also presents an overview of how gut microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions can prevent the developmental origins of CVD from animal studies. Overall, this review reveals that recent advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapy might provide the answers to reduce the global burden of CVDs. Still, additional studies will be needed to put research findings into practice.
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One Week of CDAHFD Induces Steatohepatitis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction with Oxidative Stress in Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115851. [PMID: 34072586 PMCID: PMC8198552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rapidly increasing worldwide. A choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) has been used to create a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). There are some reports on the effects on mice of being fed a CDAHFD for long periods of 1 to 3 months. However, the effect of this diet over a short period is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of 1-week CDAHFD feeding on the mouse liver. Feeding a CDAHFD diet for only 1-week induced lipid droplet deposition in the liver with increasing activity of liver-derived enzymes in the plasma. On the other hand, it did not induce fibrosis or cirrhosis. Additionally, it was demonstrated that CDAHFD significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration with severe oxidative stress to the liver, which is associated with a decreasing mitochondrial DNA copy number and complex proteins. In the gene expression analysis of the liver, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were significantly increased by CDAHFD. These results demonstrated that 1 week of feeding CDAHFD to mice induces steatohepatitis with mitochondrial dysfunction and severe oxidative stress, without fibrosis, which can partially mimic the early stage of NASH in humans.
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Preventive Aspects of Early Resveratrol Supplementation in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084210. [PMID: 33921641 PMCID: PMC8072983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and kidney disease has stimulated research for strategies that could prevent, rather than just treat, both interconnected disorders. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound with pleiotropic biofunctions, has shown health benefits. Emerging epidemiological data supports that early life environmental insults are regarded as increased risks of developing CVDs and kidney disease in adulthood. Conversely, both disorders could be reversed or postponed by shifting interventions from adulthood to earlier stage by so-called reprogramming. The purpose of this review is first to highlight current epidemiological studies linking cardiovascular and renal programming to resulting CVD and kidney disease of developmental origins. This will be followed by a summary of how resveratrol could exert a positive influence on CVDs and kidney disease. This review also presents an overview of the evidence documenting resveratrol as a reprogramming agent to protect against CVD and kidney disease of developmental origins from animal studies and to outline the advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Overall, this review reveals the need for future research to further clarify the reprogramming effects of resveratrol before clinical translation.
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He M, Tan CP, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide: A bridge between dietary fatty acid and cardiovascular disease? Food Res Int 2020; 138:109812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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