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Mountain RV, Langlais AL, Hu D, Baron R, Lary CW, Motyl KJ. Social isolation through single housing negatively affects trabecular and cortical bone in adult male, but not female, C57BL/6J mice. Bone 2023; 172:116762. [PMID: 37044360 PMCID: PMC10084633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a potent form of psychosocial stress and is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults. Even prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly increased the prevalence of isolation and loneliness, researchers have been concerned about a rising "epidemic" of loneliness. Isolation is associated with an increased risk for many physical and mental health disorders and increased overall mortality risk. In addition to social isolation, older adults are also at greater risk for osteoporosis and related fractures. While researchers have investigated the negative effects of other forms of psychosocial stress on bone, including depression and PTSD, the effects of social isolation on bone have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that social isolation would lead to bone loss in male and female C57BL/6J mice. 16-week-old mice were randomized into social isolation (1 mouse/cage) or grouped housing (4 mice/cage) for four weeks. Social isolation significantly decreased trabecular (BV/TV, BMD, Tb. N., Tb. Th.) and cortical bone (Ct.Th., Ct.Ar., Ct.Ar./Tt.Ar., pMOI, Ct.Por.) parameters in male, but not female mice. Isolated male mice had signs of reduced bone remodeling represented by reduced osteoblast numbers, osteoblast-related gene expression and osteoclast-related gene expression. However, isolated females had increased bone resorption-related gene expression, without any change in bone mass. Overall, our data suggest that social isolation has negative effects on bone in male, but not female mice, although females showed suggestive effects on bone resorption. These results provide critical insight into the effects of isolation on bone and have key clinical implications as we grapple with the long-term health impacts of the rise in social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V Mountain
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA.
| | - Audrie L Langlais
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Dorothy Hu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine W Lary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Katherine J Motyl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Bertolini Botelho MC, Cintra LTA, da Silva CC, Mitsuy Kayahara G, Belzunces Pereira R, Oliveira Santos MF, Issamu Miyahara G, Biasoli ÉR, Penha Oliveira SH, Bernabé DG. Early life stress exacerbates bone resorption and inhibits anxiety-like behaviour induced by apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2023; 56:203-212. [PMID: 36310440 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of the early life stress (ELS) on the severity of the apical periodontitis (AP) in Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): Control rats; AP-rats with AP; ELS-rats subject to ELS; AP + ELS-rats exposed to ELS and subject to AP. ELS was induced by maternal separation (MS) for a period of 3 h for 21 consecutive days. AP was induced via pulp exposure of the first and second right maxillary molars to the oral environment for 40 days. Three days before euthanasia, all rats underwent behavioural analysis to measure anxiety levels by elevated zero maze. Then, the rats were euthanized and the maxillas were removed to assess the occurrence and severity of AP. The periapical region was evaluated for the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the extent of bone loss. The Mann-Whitney test was performed for nonparametric data, and the Tukey's or Student's t-test was performed for parametric data (p < .05). RESULTS The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly larger in the AP + ELS group when compared with AP group (p < .05). The AP + ELS group exhibited significantly greater alveolar bone loss, with a periapical lesion size of 103.5 ± 29.88, compared with 72.3 ± 22.28 in the AP group (p < .05). Rats with AP displayed higher anxiety-like behaviour in relation to the control group (p < .05). However, exposure to ELS abolished the AP-induced increased anxiety-like 'behaviour' throughout, since that rats from AP + ELS group attended more the open arms than non-stressed rats with AP (p < .05). CONCLUSION Early life stress is predictive of the severity of AP exacerbating the inflammatory process and increasing periapical bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Bertolini Botelho
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cantiga da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Giseli Mitsuy Kayahara
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rosani Belzunces Pereira
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mylena Fernanda Oliveira Santos
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Glauco Issamu Miyahara
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Éder Ricardo Biasoli
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galera Bernabé
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychosomatic Research Center and Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Mountain RV, Langlais AL, Hu D, Baron R, Lary CW, Motyl KJ. Social Isolation Causes Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss in Adult Male, but not Female, C57BL/6J Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525939. [PMID: 36747686 PMCID: PMC9900878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a potent form of psychosocial stress and is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults. Even prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly increased the prevalence of isolation and loneliness, researchers have been concerned about a rising "epidemic" of loneliness. Isolation is associated with an increased risk for many physical and mental health disorders and increased overall mortality risk. In addition to social isolation, older adults are also at greater risk for osteoporosis and related fractures. While researchers have investigated the negative effects of other forms of psychosocial stress on bone, including depression and PTSD, the effects of social isolation on bone have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that social isolation would lead to bone loss in male and female C57BL/6J mice. 16-week-old mice were randomized into social isolation (1 mouse/cage) or grouped housing (4 mice/cage) for four weeks (N=16/group). Social isolation significantly decreased trabecular (BV/TV, BMD, Tb. N., Tb. Th.) and cortical bone (Ct.Th., Ct.Ar., Ct.Ar./Tt.Ar., pMOI, Ct.Por.) parameters in male, but not female mice. Isolated male mice had signs of reduced bone remodeling represented by reduced osteoblast numbers, osteoblast-related gene expression and osteoclast-related gene expression. However, isolated females had increased bone resorption-related gene expression, without any change in bone mass. Overall, our data suggest that social isolation has negative effects on bone in males, but not females, although females showed suggestive effects on bone resorption. These results provide critical insight into the effects of isolation on bone and have key clinical implications as we grapple with the long-term health impacts of the rise in social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V. Mountain
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Audrie L. Langlais
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Dorothy Hu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Bone and Mineral Research, and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Bone and Mineral Research, and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine W. Lary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Katherine J. Motyl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Boscardin C, Manuella F, Mansuy IM. Paternal transmission of behavioural and metabolic traits induced by postnatal stress to the 5th generation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac024. [PMID: 36518875 PMCID: PMC9730319 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Life experiences and environmental conditions in childhood can change the physiology and behaviour of exposed individuals and, in some cases, of their offspring. In rodent models, stress/trauma, poor diet, and endocrine disruptors in a parent have been shown to cause phenotypes in the direct progeny, suggesting intergenerational inheritance. A few models also examined transmission to further offspring and suggested transgenerational inheritance, but such multigenerational inheritance is not well characterized. Our previous work on a mouse model of early postnatal stress showed that behaviour and metabolism are altered in the offspring of exposed males up to the 4th generation in the patriline and up to the 2nd generation in the matriline. The present study examined if symptoms can be transmitted beyond the 4th generation in the patriline. Analyses of the 5th and 6th generations of mice revealed that altered risk-taking and glucose regulation caused by postnatal stress are still manifested in the 5th generation but are attenuated in the 6th generation. Some of the symptoms are expressed in both males and females, but some are sex-dependent and sometimes opposite. These results indicate that postnatal trauma can affect behaviour and metabolism over many generations, suggesting epigenetic mechanisms of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Boscardin
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine of the University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology of ETH Zürich, Centre for Neuroscience Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Manuella
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine of the University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology of ETH Zürich, Centre for Neuroscience Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- *Correspondence address. Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. Tel: +41 44 6353360; Fax: +41 44 635 33 03; E-mail:
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Kent MH, Jacob JC, Bowen G, Bhalerao J, Desinor S, Vavra D, Leserve D, Ott KR, Angeles B, Martis M, Sciandra K, Gillenwater K, Glory C, Meisel E, Choe A, Olivares-Navarrete R, Puetzer JL, Lambert K. Disrupted development from head to tail: Pervasive effects of postnatal restricted resources on neurobiological, behavioral, and morphometric outcomes. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:910056. [PMID: 35990727 PMCID: PMC9389412 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.910056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When a maternal rat nurtures her pups, she relies on adequate resources to provide optimal care for her offspring. Accordingly, limited environmental resources may result in atypical maternal care, disrupting various developmental outcomes. In the current study, maternal Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to either a standard resource (SR) group, provided with four cups of bedding and two paper towels for nesting material or a limited resource (LR) group, provided with a quarter of the bedding and nesting material provided for the SR group. Offspring were monitored at various developmental phases throughout the study. After weaning, pups were housed in same-sex dyads in environments with SRs for continued observations. Subsequent behavioral tests revealed a sex × resource interaction in play behavior on PND 28; specifically, LR reduced play attacks in males while LR increased play attacks in females. A sex × resource interaction was also observed in anxiety-related responses in the open field task with an increase in thigmotaxis in LR females and, in the social interaction task, females exhibited more external rears oriented away from the social target. Focusing on morphological variables, tail length measurements of LR males and females were shorter on PND 9, 16, and 21; however, differences in tail length were no longer present at PND 35. Following the behavioral assessments, animals were perfused at 56 days of age and subsequent immunohistochemical assays indicated increased glucocorticoid receptors in the lateral habenula of LR offspring and higher c-Fos immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala of SR offspring. Further, when tail vertebrae and tail tendons were assessed via micro-CT and hydroxyproline assays, results indicated increased trabecular separation, decreased bone volume fraction, and decreased connectivity density in bones, along with reduced collagen concentration in tendons in the LR animals. In sum, although the restricted resources only persisted for a brief duration, the effects appear to be far-reaching and pervasive in this early life stress animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly H. Kent
- Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Joanna C. Jacob
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gabby Bowen
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Janhavi Bhalerao
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie Desinor
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dylan Vavra
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Danielle Leserve
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kelly R. Ott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Angeles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Michael Martis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Katherine Sciandra
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Clark Glory
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Eli Meisel
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Allison Choe
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Puetzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kelly Lambert,
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Li W, Zhang Y, Su Y, Hao Y, Wang X, Yin X, Gong M, Gao Y, Meng L, Guo Q, Gao Q, Song L, Shi Y, Shi H. Intracerebroventricular injection of sclerostin reduced social hierarchy and impaired neuronal dendritic complexity in mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 773:136514. [PMID: 35149200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated extensive functional links between bone and the brain. As a novel endocrine organ, bone has received increasing attention for its upregulatory functions in the brain. Sclerostin, a novel bone-derived endocrine molecule, secreted by osteocytes, can inhibit the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathways to regulate bone formation, but its effects on the central nervous system and neurosocial behaviors are unknown. This study investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular sclerostin injection on social-emotional behaviors in adult mice. The results showed that acute elevation of sclerostin levels in the brain could induce anxiety-like behaviors and reduce the social hierarchy of mice while reducing the dendritic complexity of pyramidal neurons in the mouse hippocampus. These data suggested that sclerostin may regulate social-emotional behaviors, providing new evidence for the existence of a bone-brain axis, new insights into the regulation of social behaviors by bone-derived endocrine molecules, and a new direction for the study of individual emotional behavior regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuya Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Yan Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Yujiao Su
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Xinhao Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050011
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Li Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Qiang Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050017; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, China, 050017.
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Choi JE, Hong Y, Heo J, Park Y. N-3 PUFA ameliorated bone loss induced by postmenopausal depression following exposure to chronic mild stress and maternal separation by regulating neuronal processes. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108909. [PMID: 34801691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) reduced bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and maternal separation (MS) during early life aggravated depression-induced bone mass destruction. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to improve bone mass and depression, but the bone-protecting effects of n-3 PUFA were unclear in CMS+MS-induced depression models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether n-3 PUFA improved CMS+MS-induced postmenopausal bone loss via its antidepressant-like action. Rats were fed diets containing 0% of total energy intake (en %) of n-3 PUFA during lifetime or 1 en % n-3 PUFA during pre-weaning or post-weaning periods, or their entire lifetimes and were allocated to CMS or CMS+MS groups after OVX. Lifetime supply of n-3 PUFA enhanced bone mass and microarchitecture, and expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, while decreasing blood levels of amino-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa Β ligand/osteoprotegerin, activating transcription factor 4, and adrenergic receptor β2. Lifetime supply of n-3 PUFA decreased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone and the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor in the brain but increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, serotonin-2C receptor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and calmodulin kinase IV and serotonin levels. Supply of n-3 PUFA during the pre-and post-weaning periods had beneficial effects on the brain but not on the bones. Lifetime supply of n-3 PUFA ameliorated bone loss induced by chronic stress by regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and serotonin-CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuni Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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