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Wei H, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Lin L, Chen Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhu X. Microglia-derived exosomes selective sorted by YB-1 alleviate nerve damage and cognitive outcome in Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:466. [PMID: 38755651 PMCID: PMC11100039 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a characteristic pathological change of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). Microglia have been reported to participate in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of microglia released exosome (EXO) contribute to communication within AD microenvironment remains obscure. METHODS The interaction between microglia and AD was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to investigate the mechanisms of miR-223 and YB-1. The association between microglia derived exosomal YB-1/miR-223 axis and nerve cell damage were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, ELISA and wound healing assay. RESULTS Here, we reported AD model was responsible for the M1-like (pro-inflammatory) polarization of microglia which in turn induced nerve cell damage. While M2-like (anti-inflammatory) microglia could release miR-223-enriched EXO which reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated nerve damage in AD model in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, YB-1 directly interacted with miR-223 both in cell and EXO, and participated in microglia exosomal miR-223 loading. CONCLUSION These results indicate that anti-inflammatory microglia-mediated neuroprotection form inflammatory damage involves exporting miR-223 via EXO sorted by YB-1. Consequently, YB-1-mediated microglia exosomal sorting of miR-223 improved the nerve cell damage repair, representing a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuzhi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, ZhongDa Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Medical School, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Medical School, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Janas T, Sapoń K, Janas T. Selection of bifunctional RNAs with specificity for arginine and lipid membranes. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1061-1079. [PMID: 38649155 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of selective RNA loading into exosomes and other extracellular vesicles are not yet completely understood. In order to show that a pool of RNA sequences binds both the amino acid arginine and lipid membranes, we constructed a bifunctional RNA 10Arg aptamer specific for arginine and lipid vesicles. The preference of RNA 10Arg for lipid rafts was visualized and confirmed using FRET microscopy in neuroblastoma cells. The selection-amplification (SELEX) method using a doped (with the other three nucleotides) pool of RNA 10Arg sequences yielded several RNA 10Arg(D) sequences, and the affinities of these RNAs both to arginine and liposomes are improved in comparison to pre-doped RNA. Generation of these bispecific aptamers supports the hypothesis that an RNA molecule can bind both to RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) through arginine within the RBP-binding site and to membrane lipid rafts, thus facilitating RNA loading into exosomes and other extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Poland
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3
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Wang T, Zhang H. Exploring the roles and molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in the sorting of noncoding RNAs into exosomes during tumor progression. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00368-5. [PMID: 38030125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a role in sorting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into exosomes. These ncRNAs, carried by exosomes, are involved in regulating various aspects of tumor progression, including metastasis, angiogenesis, control of the tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the RBP-ncRNA-exosome mechanism in tumor regulation. AIM OF REVIEW This comprehensive review aims to explore the RBP-ncRNA-exosome mechanism and its influence on tumor development. By understanding this intricate mechanism provides novel insights into tumor regulation and may lead to innovative treatment strategies in the future. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review discusses the formation of exosomes and the complex relationships among RBPs, ncRNAs, and exosomes. The RBP-ncRNA-exosome mechanism is shown to affect various aspects of tumor biology, including metastasis, multidrug resistance, angiogenesis, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and tumor progression. Tumor development relies on the transmission of information between cells, with RBPs selectively mediating sorting of ncRNAs into exosomes through various mechanisms, which in turn carry ncRNAs to regulate RBPs. The review also provides an overview of potential therapeutic strategies, such as targeted drug discovery and genetic engineering for modifying therapeutic exosomes, which hold great promise for improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Samuels M, Jones W, Towler B, Turner C, Robinson S, Giamas G. The role of non-coding RNAs in extracellular vesicles in breast cancer and their diagnostic implications. Oncogene 2023; 42:3017-3034. [PMID: 37670020 PMCID: PMC10555829 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer worldwide, responsible for 25% of cancers in women. Whilst treatment is effective and often curative in early BC, metastatic disease is incurable, highlighting the need for early detection. Currently, early detection relies on invasive procedures, however recent studies have shown extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from liquid biopsies may have clinical utility. EVs transport diverse bioactive cargos throughout the body, play major roles in intercellular communication and, importantly, mirror their cell of origin. In cancer cells, EVs alter the behaviour of the tumour microenvironment (TME), forming a bridge of communication between cancerous and non-cancerous cells to alter all aspects of cancer progression, including the formation of a pre-metastatic niche. Through gene regulatory frameworks, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) modulate vital molecular and cellular processes and can act as both tumour suppressors and oncogenic drivers in various cancer types. EVs transport and protect ncRNAs, facilitating their use clinically as liquid biopsies for early BC detection. This review summarises current research surrounding ncRNAs and EVs within BC, focusing on their roles in cancer progression through bi-directional communication with the microenvironment and their diagnostic implications. The role of EV ncRNAs in breast cancer. A representation of the different EV ncRNAs involved in tumourigenic processes in breast cancer. Pro-tumourigenic ncRNAs displayed in green and ncRNAs which inhibit oncogenic processes are shown in red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Samuels
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - William Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Benjamin Towler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Charlotte Turner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Stephen Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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5
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Zhu W, Wang Q, Zhang J, Sun L, Hong X, Du W, Duan R, Jiang J, Ji Y, Wang H, Han B. Exosomes derived from mir-214-3p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote myocardial repair. Biomater Res 2023; 27:77. [PMID: 37563655 PMCID: PMC10413540 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exosomes are known as nanovesicles that are naturally secreted, playing an essential role in stem-mediated cardioprotection. This study mainly focused on investigating if exosomes derived from miR-214 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show more valid cardioprotective ability in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from control MSCs (Ctrl-Exo) and miR-214 overexpressing MSCs (miR-214OE-Exo) and then they were delivered to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in vitro under hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) condition or in vivo in an acutely infarcted Sprague-Dawley rat heart. Regulated genes and signal pathways by miR-214OE-Exo treatment were explored using western blot analysis and luciferase assay. RESULTS IN VITRO: , miR-214OE-Exo enhanced migration, tube-like formation in endothelial cells. In addition, miR-214OE-Exo ameliorated the survival of cardiomyocytes under H/SD. In the rat AMI model, compared to Ctrl-Exo, miR-214OE-Exo reduced myocardial apoptosis, and therefore reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. Besides, miR-214OE-Exo accelerated angiogenesis in peri-infarct region. Mechanistically, we identified that exosomal miR-214-3p promoted cardiac repair via targeting PTEN and activating p-AKT signal pathway. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from miR-214 overexpressing MSCs have greatly strengthened the therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AMI by promoting cardiomyocyte survival and endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051465. [PMID: 37242707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune suppression, immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and the polarization of macrophages. In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These exosomal contents can be transferred into recipient cells. Therefore, this work details the roles of exosomes and exosomal contents in intercellular communications. Since exosomes mediate cellular interactions, exosomes can be targeted for developing anticancer therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the effects of exosomal inhibitors on cancer initiation and progression. Since exosomal contents can be transferred, exosomes can be modified to deliver molecular cargo such as anticancer drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we also summarize recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms. Exosomes display low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient tissue targeting, which make them reliable delivery vehicles. We discuss the applications and challenges of exosomes as delivery vehicles in tumors, along with the clinical values of exosomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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7
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Abstract
The formation of membrane vesicles is a common feature in all eukaryotes. Lipid rafts are the best-studied example of membrane domains for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and their existence also is suggested in Archaea membranes. Lipid rafts are involved in the formation of transport vesicles, endocytic vesicles, exocytic vesicles, synaptic vesicles and extracellular vesicles, as well as enveloped viruses. Two mechanisms of how rafts are involved in vesicle formation have been proposed: first, that raft proteins and/or lipids located in lipid rafts associate with coat proteins that form a budding vesicle, and second, vesicle budding is triggered by enzymatic generation of cone-shaped ceramides and inverted cone-shaped lyso-phospholipids. In both cases, induction of curvature is also facilitated by the relaxation of tension in the raft domain. In this Review, we discuss the role of raft-derived vesicles in several intracellular trafficking pathways. We also highlight their role in different pathways of endocytosis, and in the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) through budding inwards from the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane, because rafts inside MVB membranes are likely to be involved in loading RNA into ILVs. Finally, we discuss the association of glycoproteins with rafts via the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
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8
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Oshchepkova A, Zenkova M, Vlassov V. Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Nucleic Acid Delivery: Loading Strategies and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087287. [PMID: 37108446 PMCID: PMC10139028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released into the extracellular milieu by cells of various origins. They contain different biological cargoes, protecting them from degradation by environmental factors. There is an opinion that EVs have a number of advantages over synthetic carriers, creating new opportunities for drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the ability of EVs to function as carriers for therapeutic nucleic acids (tNAs), challenges associated with the use of such carriers in vivo, and various strategies for tNA loading into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Oshchepkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Gondaliya P, Sayyed AA, Driscoll J, Patel K, Patel T. Extracellular vesicle RNA signaling in the liver tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216089. [PMID: 36758739 PMCID: PMC9992346 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver cancers such as hepatocellular cancer (HCC) consists of a complex milieu of liver tissue-resident cells, infiltrated immune cells, and secreted factors that collectively serve to promote tumor growth and progression. Intercellular crosstalk contributes to tissue homeostasis, and perturbations during injury, inflammation and tumorigenesis that are important for tumor progression. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of a payload of RNA molecules that serve as an intercellular signaling is an important contributor to tissue homeostasis within the TME. Several types of RNA have been implicated in EV-mediated signaling. Biological processes that can be modulated by EV RNA signaling within the liver include tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and modulation of the immune cell activities. This mini-review describes the liver TME, and the biological effects of EV RNA-mediated signaling within the liver to highlight the role of EV RNA in intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gondaliya
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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10
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Mohammad SN, Choi YS, Chung JY, Cedrone E, Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA, Yang X, Guo W, Chew YC, Kim J, Baek S, Kim IS, Fruman DA, Kwon YJ. Nanocomplexes of doxorubicin and DNA fragments for efficient and safe cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 354:91-108. [PMID: 36572154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-targeted therapy by a chemotherapeutic agent formulated in a nanoscale platform has been challenged by complex and inefficient manufacturing, low drug loading, difficult characterization, and marginally improved therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated facile-to-produce nanocomplexes of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used cancer drug, and clinically approved DNA fragments that are extracted from a natural source. DOX was found to self-assemble DNA fragments into relatively monodispersed nanocomplexes with a diameter of ∼70 nm at 14.3% (w/w) drug loading by simple and scalable mixing. The resulting DOX/DNA nanocomplexes showed sustained DOX release, unlike overly stable Doxil®, cellular uptake via multiple endocytosis pathways, and high hematological and immunological compatibility. DOX/DNA nanocomplexes eradicated EL4 T lymphoma cells in a time-dependent manner, eventually surpassing free DOX. Extended circulation of DOX/DNA nanocomplexes, while avoiding off-target accumulation in the lung and being cleared from the liver, resulted in rapid accumulation in tumor and lowered cardio toxicity. Finally, tumor growth of EL4-challenged C57BL/6 mice (syngeneic model) and OPM2-challenged NSG mice (human xenograft model) were efficiently inhibited by DOX/DNA nanocomplexes with enhanced overall survival, in comparison with free DOX and Doxil®, especially upon repeated administrations. DOX/DNA nanocomplexes are a promising chemotherapeutics delivery platform for their ease of manufacturing, high biocompatibility, desired drug release and accumulation, efficient tumor eradication with improved safety, and further engineering versatility for extended therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad N Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jee Young Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA 92604, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA 92604, United States
| | - Yap Ching Chew
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA 92604, United States
| | - Juwan Kim
- Pharma Research, Co, Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggul Baek
- Pharma Research, Co, Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Soo Kim
- Pharma Research, Co, Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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11
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RNA-binding proteins: Underestimated contributors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:431-444. [PMID: 35124196 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mRNA export, translation, splicing, cleavage or capping determine mRNA stability, which represents one of the primary aspects regulating gene expression and function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to their target mRNAs to regulate multiple cell functions by increasing or reducing their stability. In recent decades, studies of the role of RBPs in tumorigenesis have revealed an increasing number of proteins impacting the prognosis, diagnosis and cancer treatment. Several RBPs have been identified based on their interactions with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, which are involved in apoptosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, metabolism, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs. In this review, we propose a model showing how RBP mutations influence tumorigenesis, and we update the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism by which RBPs regulate cancer. Special attention is being devoted to RBPs that represent prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients.
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12
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Dellar ER, Hill C, Melling GE, Carter DR, Baena‐Lopez LA. Unpacking extracellular vesicles: RNA cargo loading and function. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e40. [PMID: 38939528 PMCID: PMC11080855 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a range of biological cargoes, including RNA, protein, and lipids, which may have both metabolic significance and signalling potential. EV release has been suggested to play a critical role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary biological material from EV producing cells, and as a delivery system to enable cellular communication between both neighbouring and distant cells without physical contact. In this review, we give an overview of what is known about the relative enrichment of the different types of RNA that have been associated with EVs in the most recent research efforts. We then examine the selective and non-selective incorporation of these different RNA biotypes into EVs, the molecular systems of RNA sorting into EVs that have been elucidated so far, and the role of this process in EV-producing cells. Finally, we also discuss the model systems providing evidence for EV-mediated delivery of RNA to recipient cells, and the implications of this evidence for the relevance of this RNA delivery process in both physiological and pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxfordUK
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordUK
| | - Genevieve E. Melling
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxfordUK
- Institute of Clinical SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - David R.F Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxfordUK
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Bakhsh T, Alhazmi S, Alburae NA, Farsi A, Alzahrani F, Choudhry H, Bahieldin A. Exosomal miRNAs as a Promising Source of Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094855. [PMID: 35563246 PMCID: PMC9103063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide amongst males and females. CRC treatment is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis of CRC can lead to treatment initiation at an earlier stage. Blood biomarkers are currently used to detect CRC, but because of their low sensitivity and specificity, they are considered inadequate diagnostic tools and are used mainly for following up patients for recurrence. It is necessary to detect novel, noninvasive, specific, and sensitive biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of CRC at earlier stages. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an essential role in tumorigenesis; for example, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes can play a crucial role in communication between cancer cells and different components of TME, thereby inducing tumor progression. The importance of miRNAs that are sorted into exosomes has recently attracted scientists’ attention. Some unique sequences of miRNAs are favorably packaged into exosomes, and it has been illustrated that particular miRNAs can be directed into exosomes by special mechanisms that occur inside the cells. This review illustrates and discusses the sorted and transported exosomal miRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and their impact on CRC progression as well as their potential use as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Najla Ali Alburae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ali Farsi
- Department of Surgry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
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Chang W, Li M, Song L, Miao S, Yu W, Wang J. Noncoding RNAs from tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles: Roles in diabetes and diabetic complications. Mol Metab 2022; 58:101453. [PMID: 35121168 PMCID: PMC8866070 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a systemic disease, and its progression involves multiple organ dysfunction. However, the exact mechanisms underlying pathological progression remain unclear. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate physiological and pathological signaling communication between organs and have been shown to have important regulatory roles in diabetes and its complications in recent years. In particular, the majority of studies in the diabetes-related research field have focused on the noncoding RNAs carried by sEVs. Researchers found that noncoding RNA sorting into sEVs is not random but selective. Both tissue origin differences and environmental variations affect the cargo of sEVs. In addition, the function of sEVs differs according to the tissue they derive from; for example, sEVs derived from adipose tissue regulate insulin sensitivity in the periphery, while sEVs derived from bone marrow promote β-cell regeneration. Therefore, understanding the roles of sEVs from different tissues is important for elucidating their molecular mechanisms and is necessary for the application of sEVs as therapeutic agents for diabetes treatment in the future. In this review, we summarized current studies on the mechanisms of noncoding RNA sorting into sEVs, as well as the research progress on the effects of sEVs from different tissue origins and noncoding RNAs in diabetes and diabetic complications. The knowledge of noncoding RNAs in sEVs will help us better understand the role of sEVs in the diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Suo Miao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Corrado C, Barreca MM, Zichittella C, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. Molecular Mediators of RNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123355. [PMID: 34943863 PMCID: PMC8699260 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) cooperate in the gene regulatory networks with other biomolecules, including coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and translation regulation at different levels. Intriguingly, ncRNAs can be packed in vesicles, released in the extracellular space, and finally internalized by receiving cells, thus affecting gene expression also at distance. This review focuses on the mechanisms through which the ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corrado
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Zichittella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mańka R, Janas P, Sapoń K, Janas T, Janas T. Role of RNA Motifs in RNA Interaction with Membrane Lipid Rafts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications of Exosomal RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9416. [PMID: 34502324 PMCID: PMC8431113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA motifs may promote interactions with exosomes (EXO-motifs) and lipid rafts (RAFT-motifs) that are enriched in exosomal membranes. These interactions can promote selective RNA loading into exosomes. We quantified the affinity between RNA aptamers containing various EXO- and RAFT-motifs and membrane lipid rafts in a liposome model of exosomes by determining the dissociation constants. Analysis of the secondary structure of RNA molecules provided data about the possible location of EXO- and RAFT-motifs within the RNA structure. The affinity of RNAs containing RAFT-motifs (UUGU, UCCC, CUCC, CCCU) and some EXO-motifs (CCCU, UCCU) to rafted liposomes is higher in comparison to aptamers without these motifs, suggesting direct RNA-exosome interaction. We have confirmed these results through the determination of the dissociation constant values of exosome-RNA aptamer complexes. RNAs containing EXO-motifs GGAG or UGAG have substantially lower affinity to lipid rafts, suggesting indirect RNA-exosome interaction via RNA binding proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed RNA aptamers containing both raft- and miRNA-binding motifs and involvement of raft-binding motifs UCCCU and CUCCC. A strategy is proposed for using functional RNA aptamers (fRNAa) containing both RAFT-motif and a therapeutic motif (e.g., miRNA inhibitor) to selectively introduce RNAs into exosomes for fRNAa delivery to target cells for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Pawel Janas
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
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Janas T, Sapoń K, Janas T, Yarus M. Specific binding of VegT mRNA localization signal to membranes in Xenopus oocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118952. [PMID: 33422615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the interaction of a VegT mRNA localization signal sequence with the membranes of the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus oocytes, and the binding of the VegT mRNA signal sequence to the lipid raft regions of the vesicles bounded by ordered and disordered phospholipid bilayers. RNA preference for the membranes of the mitochondrial cloud was confirmed using microscopy of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from RNA molecules to membranes. Our studies show that VegT mRNA has a higher affinity for ordered regions of lipid bilayers. This conclusion is supported by the dissociation constant measurements for RNA-liposome complex and the visualization of the FRET signal between giant vesicles and RNA. Our data indicate that these affinities are sensitive and distinct to the location of the localization elements within the VegT mRNA localization signal structure. Therefore, specific binding of VegT mRNA localization signal sequence to membranes can be responsible for polarized distribution of VegT mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. We suggest that the mechanism of this binding can involve the interaction of the localization elements within the VegT mRNA signal sequence with lipid raft regions of the mitochondrial cloud membranes, thereby utilizing localization elements as novel lipid raft-binding RNA motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; Department of MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Michael Yarus
- Department of MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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