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Anton PE, Rutt LN, Kaufman ML, Busquet N, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Binge ethanol exposure in advanced age elevates neuroinflammation and early indicators of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:303-316. [PMID: 38151165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is rising among aged adults (>65 years of age), however the contribution of alcohol misuse to neurodegenerative disease development is not well understood. Both advanced age and repeated binge ethanol exposure increase neuroinflammation, which is an important component of neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Surprisingly, the distinct effects of binge ethanol exposure on neuroinflammation and associated degeneration in the aged brain have not been well characterized. Here, we establish a model of intermittent binge ethanol exposure in young and aged female mice to investigate the effects of advanced age and binge ethanol on these outcomes. Following intermittent binge ethanol exposure, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (tnf-α, il-1β, ccl2) was distinctly increased in isolated hippocampal tissue by the combination of advanced age and ethanol. Binge ethanol exposure also increased measures of senescence, the nod like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and microglia reactivity in the brains of aged mice compared to young. Binge ethanol exposure also promoted neuropathology in the hippocampus of aged mice, including tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death. We further identified advanced age-related deficits in contextual memory that were further negatively impacted by ethanol exposure. These data suggest binge drinking superimposed with advanced age promotes early markers of neurodegenerative disease development and cognitive decline, which may be driven by heightened neuroinflammatory responses to ethanol. Taken together, we propose this novel exposure model of intermittent binge ethanol can be used to identify therapeutic targets to prevent advanced age- and ethanol-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael L Kaufman
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior and In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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2
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Loeffler DA. Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:379-411. [PMID: 38875041 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid protein-β (Aβ) concentrations are increased in the brain in both early onset and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In early onset AD, cerebral Aβ production is increased and its clearance is decreased, while increased Aβ burden in late onset AD is due to impaired clearance. Aβ has been the focus of AD therapeutics since development of the amyloid hypothesis, but efforts to slow AD progression by lowering brain Aβ failed until phase 3 trials with the monoclonal antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. In addition to promoting phagocytic clearance of Aβ, antibodies lower cerebral Aβ by efflux of Aβ-antibody complexes across the capillary endothelia, dissolving Aβ aggregates, and a "peripheral sink" mechanism. Although the blood-brain barrier is the main route by which soluble Aβ leaves the brain (facilitated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1), Aβ can also be removed via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, glymphatic drainage, and intramural periarterial drainage. This review discusses experimental approaches to increase cerebral Aβ efflux via these mechanisms, clinical applications of these approaches, and findings in clinical trials with these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Based on negative findings in clinical trials with previous approaches targeting monomeric Aβ, increasing the cerebral efflux of soluble Aβ is unlikely to slow AD progression if used as monotherapy. But if used as an adjunct to treatment with lecanemab or donanemab, this approach might allow greater slowing of AD progression than treatment with either antibody alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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3
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AlAnazi FH, Al-kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ashour MHM, Alnaaim SA, Elhussieny O, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Primary Hypothyroidism and Alzheimer's Disease: A Tale of Two. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3405-3416. [PMID: 37540395 PMCID: PMC10477255 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism (HPT) HPT could be a risk factor for the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, progressive neurodegeneration in AD may affect the metabolism of thyroid hormones (THs) in the brain causing local brain HPT. Hence, the present review aimed to clarify the potential association between HPT and AD. HPT promotes the progression of AD by inducing the production of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau protein phosphorylation with the development of synaptic plasticity and memory dysfunction. Besides, the metabolism of THs is dysregulated in AD due to the accumulation of Aβ and tau protein phosphorylation leading to local brain HPT. Additionally, HPT can affect AD neuropathology through various mechanistic pathways including dysregulation of transthyretin, oxidative stress, ER stress, autophagy dysfunction mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Taken together there is a potential link between HPT and AD, as HPT adversely impacts AD neuropathology and the reverse is also true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Holil AlAnazi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Saud A. Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnya Elhussieny
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
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Kim B, Ko YH, Si J, Na J, Ortore G, Chiellini G, Kim JH. Thyroxine metabolite-derived 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and synthetic analogs as efficient suppressors of transthyretin amyloidosis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4717-4728. [PMID: 37822560 PMCID: PMC10562617 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and fibrillization of transthyretin (TTR) is a fatal pathogenic process that can cause cardiomyopathic and polyneuropathic diseases in humans. Although several therapeutic strategies have been designed to prevent and treat related pathological events, there is still an urgent need to develop better strategies to improve potency and wider applicability. Here, we present our study demonstrating that 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and selected thyronamine-like compounds can effectively prevent TTR aggregation. T1AM is one of the thyroid hormone (TH) metabolites, and T1AM and its analogs, such as SG2, SG6, and SG12, are notable molecules for their beneficial activities against metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and biochemical analysis, we confirmed that T1AM analogs could bind to and suppress acid-induced aggregation of TTR. In addition, we employed computational approaches to further understand the detailed mechanisms of the interaction between T1AM analogs and TTR. This study demonstrates that T1AM analogs, whose beneficial effects against several pathological processes have already been proven, may have additional benefits against TTR aggregation and fibrillization. Moreover, we believe that our work provides invaluable insights to enhance the pleiotropic activity of T1AM and structurally related analogs, relevant for their therapeutic potential, with particular reference to the ability to prevent TTR aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ko
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbeom Si
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbum Na
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jin Hae Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Ciccone L, Camodeca C, Tonali N, Barlettani L, Rossello A, Fruchart Gaillard C, Kaffy J, Petrarolo G, La Motta C, Nencetti S, Orlandini E. New Hybrid Compounds Incorporating Natural Products as Multifunctional Agents against Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2369. [PMID: 37896129 PMCID: PMC10610016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new hybrid derivatives 1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-c, 5a-c, inspired by nature, were synthesized and studied as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These compounds were designed to merge together the trifluoromethyl benzyloxyaminic bioactive moiety, previously identified, with different acids available in nature. The ability of the synthesized compounds to chelate biometals, such as Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+, was studied by UV-Vis spectrometer, and through a preliminary screening their antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH. Then, selected compounds were tested by in vitro ABTS free radical method and ex vivo rat brain TBARS assay. Compounds 2a-c, combining the strongest antioxidant and biometal chelators activities, were studied for their ability to contrast Aβ1-40 fibrillization process. Finally, starting from the promising profile obtained for compound 2a, we evaluated if it could be able to induce a positive cross-interaction between transthyretin (TTR) and Aβ in presence and in absence of Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Nicolò Tonali
- CNRS, BioCIS, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France; (N.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Lucia Barlettani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Carole Fruchart Gaillard
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Julia Kaffy
- CNRS, BioCIS, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France; (N.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Giovanni Petrarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Petkova-Kirova P, Baas S, Wagenpfeil G, Hartz P, Unger MM, Bernhardt R. SNPs in cytochrome P450 genes decide on the fate of individuals with genetic predisposition to Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244516. [PMID: 37601072 PMCID: PMC10436510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurological diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. While the majority of PD cases are of unknown origin (idiopathic), about 5%-10% are familial and linked to mutations in different known genes. However, there are also people with a genetic predisposition to PD who do not develop the disease. To elucidate factors leading to the manifestation of PD we compared the occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various cytochrome P450 (P450) genes in people with a genetic predisposition and suffering from PD (GPD) to that of people, who are genetically predisposed, but show no symptoms of the disease (GUN). We used the PPMI (Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative) database and the gene sequences of all 57 P450s as well as their three redox partners. Corresponding odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the incidence of the various SNPs in the two groups of individuals and consequently their relation to PD. We identified for the first time SNPs that are significantly (up to 10fold!) over- or under-represented in GPD patients compared to GUN. SNPs with OR > 5 were found in 10 P450s being involved in eicosanoid, vitamin A and D metabolism as well as cholesterol degradation pointing to an important role of endogenous factors for the manifestation of PD clinical symptoms. Moreover, 12 P450s belonging to all P450 substrate classes as well as POR have SNPs that are significantly under-represented (OR < 0.2) in GPD compared to GUN, indicating a protective role of those SNPs and the corresponding P450s regarding disease advancement. To the best of our knowledge our data for the first time demonstrate an association between known PD predisposition genes and SNPs in other genes, shown here for different P450 genes and for their redox partner POR, which promote the manifestation of the disease in familial PD. Our results thus shed light onto the pathogenesis of PD, especially the switch from GUN to GPD and might further help to advance novel strategies for preventing the development or progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Petkova-Kirova
- Institut für Biochemie, Fachbereich Biologie, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Medizinische Informatik, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hartz
- Institut für Biochemie, Fachbereich Biologie, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institut für Biochemie, Fachbereich Biologie, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Chu YP, Jin LW, Wang LC, Ho PC, Wei WY, Tsai KJ. Transthyretin attenuates TDP-43 proteinopathy by autophagy activation via ATF4 in FTLD-TDP. Brain 2023; 146:2089-2106. [PMID: 36355566 PMCID: PMC10411944 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) proteinopathies are accompanied by the pathological hallmark of cytoplasmic inclusions in the neurodegenerative diseases, including frontal temporal lobar degeneration-TDP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We found that transthyretin accumulates with TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions in frontal temporal lobar degeneration-TDP human patients and transgenic mice, in which transthyretin exhibits dramatic expression decline in elderly mice. The upregulation of transthyretin expression was demonstrated to facilitate the clearance of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions through autophagy, in which transthyretin induces autophagy upregulation via ATF4. Of interest, transthyretin upregulated ATF4 expression and promoted ATF4 nuclear import, presenting physical interaction. Neuronal expression of transthyretin in frontal temporal lobar degeneration-TDP mice restored autophagy function and facilitated early soluble TDP-43 aggregates for autophagosome targeting, ameliorating neuropathology and behavioural deficits. Thus, transthyretin conducted two-way regulations by either inducing autophagy activation or escorting TDP-43 aggregates targeted autophagosomes, suggesting that transthyretin is a potential modulator therapy for neurological disorders caused by TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Chu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Liang-Chao Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yen Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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El-Bana MA, El-Daly SM, Omara EA, Morsy SM, El-Naggar ME, Medhat D. Preparation of pumpkin oil-based nanoemulsion as a potential estrogen replacement therapy to alleviate neural-immune interactions in an experimental postmenopausal model. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 166:106730. [PMID: 36931593 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
As estrogen production decreases during menopause; the brain's metabolism tends to stall and become less effective. Estrogen most likely protects against neurodegeneration. Consequently, a comprehensive study of the benefits of hormone replacement therapy as a neuroprotective effect is urgently required. This study was designed to fabricate pumpkin seed oil nanoparticles (PSO) in nanoemulsion form (PSO-NE) and investigate their potential role in attenuating the neural-immune interactions in an experimental postmenopausal model.Sixty female white albino rats were divided into six groups: control, sham, ovariectomized (OVX), and three OVX groups treated with 17β-estradiol, PSO, and PSO-NE respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and particle size analyzer were performed for nanoemulsion evaluation. Serum levels of estrogen, brain amyloid precursor protein (APP), serum levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transthyretin (TTR), and synaptophysin (SYP) were evaluated. The expression of estrogen receptors (ER-α, β) in the brain tissue was estimated. The findings revealed that the approached PSO-NE system was able to reduce the interfacial tension, enhance the dispersion entropy, lower the system free energy to an extremely small value, and augment the interfacial area. PSO-NE, showed a significant increase in the levels of estrogen, brain APP, SYP, and TTR accompanied with a significant increased in the expression of brain ER-α, β compared to the OVX group. In conclusion, the phytoestrogen content of PSO exhibited a significant prophylactic effect on neuro-inflammatory interactions, ameliorating both estrogen levels and the inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Bana
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa M Morsy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Agosta F, Cozzini P. Hint approach on Transthyretin folding/unfolding mechanism comprehension. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106667. [PMID: 36805224 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent intramolecular interactions play a key role in the protein folding process. Aminoacidic mutations or changes in physiological conditions such as pH and/or temperature variations can compromise intramolecular stability generating misfolding or unfolding proteins with consequent impairment of functionality and the triggering of pathological states. The intramolecular HINT scoring function recently implemented and validated, is proposed as a rapid and sensitive method for the evaluation of different conformational states characterizing destabilization processes. In this work, the stability of Transthyretin, whose denaturation is related to amyloid fibril formation, is evaluated by generating multiple structural mutated models under different pH conditions in comparison with experimental data. These results suggest that the HINT scoring function can be used for an accurate and rapid evaluation and computational prediction of the effects of structural changes on any protein system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agosta
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Pietro Cozzini
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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Sedov I, Khaibrakhmanova D. Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Protein Amyloid Fibril Formation: Evidence and Perspectives Based on Kinetic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113428. [PMID: 36362217 PMCID: PMC9657184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of fibril formation is considered a possible treatment strategy for amyloid-related diseases. Understanding the molecular nature of inhibitor action is crucial for the design of drug candidates. In the present review, we describe the common kinetic models of fibril formation and classify known inhibitors by the mechanism of their interactions with the aggregating protein and its oligomers. This mechanism determines the step or steps of the aggregation process that become inhibited and the observed changes in kinetics and equilibrium of fibril formation. The results of numerous studies indicate that possible approaches to antiamyloid inhibitor discovery include the search for the strong binders of protein monomers, cappers blocking the ends of the growing fibril, or the species absorbing on the surface of oligomers preventing nucleation. Strongly binding inhibitors stabilizing the native state can be promising for the structured proteins while designing the drug candidates targeting disordered proteins is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Sedov
- Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9600503916
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Yamaguchi H, Kawahara H, Kodera N, Kumaki A, Tada Y, Tang Z, Sakai K, Ono K, Yamada M, Hanayama R. Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to the Metabolism of Transthyretin Amyloid in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:839917. [PMID: 35402512 PMCID: PMC8983912 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.839917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary (variant) transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv amyloidosis), which is caused by variants in the transthyretin (TTR) gene, leads to TTR amyloid deposits in multiple organs and various symptoms such as limb ataxia, muscle weakness, and cardiac failure. Interaction between amyloid proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted by various cells, is known to promote the clearance of the proteins, but it is unclear whether EVs are involved in the formation and deposition of TTR amyloid in ATTRv amyloidosis. To clarify the relationship between ATTRv amyloidosis and EVs, serum-derived EVs were analyzed. In this study, we showed that cell-derived EVs are involved in the formation of TTR amyloid deposits on the membrane of small EVs, as well as the deposition of TTR amyloid in cells. Human serum-derived small EVs also altered the degree of aggregation and deposition of TTR. Furthermore, the amount of TTR aggregates in serum-derived small EVs in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis was lower than that in healthy controls. These results indicate that EVs contribute to the metabolism of TTR amyloid, and suggest that TTR in serum-derived small EVs is a potential target for future ATTRv amyloidosis diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hironori Kawahara, ; Rikinari Hanayama,
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayanori Kumaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Zixin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Kudanzaka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hironori Kawahara, ; Rikinari Hanayama,
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12
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Gharibyan AL, Wasana Jayaweera S, Lehmann M, Anan I, Olofsson A. Endogenous Human Proteins Interfering with Amyloid Formation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030446. [PMID: 35327638 PMCID: PMC8946693 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation is a pathological process associated with a wide range of degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2. During disease progression, abnormal accumulation and deposition of proteinaceous material are accompanied by tissue degradation, inflammation, and dysfunction. Agents that can interfere with the process of amyloid formation or target already formed amyloid assemblies are consequently of therapeutic interest. In this context, a few endogenous proteins have been associated with an anti-amyloidogenic activity. Here, we review the properties of transthyretin, apolipoprotein E, clusterin, and BRICHOS protein domain which all effectively interfere with amyloid in vitro, as well as displaying a clinical impact in humans or animal models. Their involvement in the amyloid formation process is discussed, which may aid and inspire new strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Gharibyan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Intissar Anan
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.)
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13
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Tao X, Zhou H, Mo D, Zhang W, Chang Z, Zeng Y, Luo Y, Wu S, Tang W, Yang C, Wang Q. Erythrocytes Are an Independent Protective Factor for Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Severe White Matter Hyperintensities. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:789602. [PMID: 35250538 PMCID: PMC8894857 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.789602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Hemoglobin is one of the main proteins in erythrocytes. There are significant correlations between low hemoglobin and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive impairment. This study explored whether erythrocytopenia has predictive value for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in patients with WMH. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 302 patients, including 62 with cerebral small vessel disease and 240 with stroke. Basic demographic data and fasting blood were collected. First, all patients were divided into normal cognition (NC), mild VCI (mVCI), and severe VCI (sVCI) groups (subgroups later) based on cognitive behavior scores. Second, all patients were divided into mild WMH (mWMH) and severe WMH (sWMH) groups based on Fazekas scores. The differences in blood markers between different groups or subgroups with different cognitive levels were analyzed by univariate analysis. Then, binary logistic regression was used to analyze the diagnostic value of erythrocyte counts for VCI in the sWMH group, and ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of multiple variables for different cognitive levels. Results: Univariate analysis showed that erythrocytes, hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, retinol binding protein and prealbumin were potential blood markers for different cognitive levels in sWMH patients. Among them, erythrocytopenia has good predictive value for the diagnosis of mVCI (AUC = 0.685, P = 0.008) or sVCI (AUC = 0.699, P = 0.003) in patients with sWMH. Multivariate joint analysis showed that erythrocytes were an independent protective factor reducing the occurrence of VCI in patients with sWMH (OR = 0.633, P = 0.045). Even after adjusting for age, there was still a significant difference (P = 0.047). Conclusion: Erythrocytes are an independent protective factor for VCI in patients with sWMH. Promoting hematopoietic function may have potential value for prevention of cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tao
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danheng Mo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Wang
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14
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Behnisch PA, Besselink H, Weber R, Willand W, Huang J, Brouwer A. Developing potency factors for thyroid hormone disruption by PFASs using TTR-TRβ CALUX® bioassay and assessment of PFASs mixtures in technical products. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106791. [PMID: 34364217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have become one of the most heavily investigated persistent organohalogen compound class of environmental concern. However, knowledge about their toxicology is still scarce, although PFASs as individual compounds and their industrial mixtures were shown to exert effects on the thyroid hormone system. METHODS In vitro toxicity potency factors were established for thyroid hormone transport disruption potential using the novel TTR-TRβ CALUX® bioassay for major PFASs. We assessed technical PFASs mixtures, including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) surfactants and chromium mist suppressants (CMS) applications with and without total oxidizable precursor (TOP) by TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay for their thyroid hormone transport disrupting potential. RESULTS All PFASs listed in the German guideline for drinking water (German Environment Agency, 2017) affected the T4 binding to TTR, an important plasma thyroid hormone transport protein. For all tested PFASs, potency factors based on PC80 values relative to PFOA could be obtained and ranged between PFBA (0.0018) and PFOS (2.0). Applying in vitro potency factors obtained from the present in vitro TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay study and recently reported in vivo potency factors (Zeilmaker et al., 2018; Bil et al., 2021) on the above-mentioned German guideline for PFAS in drinking water, showed that the cumulative effect-based trigger values (in vivo and in vitro) are comparable (3.0 vs. 2.9 to 4.6 μg PFOA-EQ/l). Additionally, AFFF surfactants and CMS with and without TOP assay were tested. Highest activities were found in the older AFFF surfactants (2013/2014) due to higher PFOS/PFOA levels, which were already substituted with 6:2 FTS in 2019, resulting in much lower PFOA-EQ levels. As expected also the PFOA-EQ levels increased in the samples with TOP treatment compared to the original AFFF surfactants and CMS as confirmed here by biological and chemical PFOA-equivalents (PFOA-EQ) analysis. Additionally, CMS (which have been used in the electroplating chromium industry since the 1950s) as well as PFOS-free, but not PFAS-free fume suppressants (such as Fumetrol® 21) have been tested in the TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay and showed much lower activity levels then the AFFFs, confirmed by the similar potency determination based on chemical PFASs analysis followed by transformation to PFOA-EQ for comparison. The potency factor of 6:2 FTS, which is the main substitute for PFOS in CMS, indicates that it is approximately 100-times less potent as a thyroid hormone disruptor as compared to PFOS. CONCLUSION Potency factors based on PC80 values from TTR-TRβ CALUX® relative to PFOA have been developed for major PFASs. In AFFF surfactants and CMS a trend of higher activities with higher amounts of PFOS and PFOA have been found. PFOA and PFOS showed high responses in the TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay and had the largest contributions to the PFOA-EQs in the AFFF surfactants and CMS applications. Using potency factors as determined in the TTR-TRβ CALUX® to convert PFASs assessed by chemical analysis to PFOA-EQ led to comparable results as compared to the results from PFASs measured directly by the TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay. This study supports the claim that semiquantitative effect- and group-based in vitro CALUX bioanalysis tools can be applied effectively to assess industrial products containing complex mixtures with PFAS compounds for which no instrumental analysis are established, and for many compounds where in vitro toxicity data are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststrasse 23, 73527 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Wolfram Willand
- IUW International Consultant on Integrated Environmental Protection and POPs, Hochfirstweg 12, 79853 Lenzkirch, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Durmuş H, Çakar A, Demirci H, Alaylioglu M, Gezen‐Ak D, Dursun E, Gülşen Parman Y. An Exploratory Study of Cognitive Involvement in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 144:640-646. [PMID: 34322872 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations of the transthyretin (TTR) gene. The mutant ATTRv protein causes a systemic accumulation of amyloid fibrils in various organs. TTR is an important protein in the central nervous system physiology for the maintenance of normal cognitive process during aging, amidated neuropeptide processing, and nerve regeneration. The neuroprotective effect of transthyretin has been widely documented in animal models. Cognitive consequences of the mutant TTR in hereditary ATTRv amyloidosis patients remain still to be elucidated. We designed this study to investigate the cognitive involvement in ATTRv amyloidosis. METHODS Detailed neuropsychological tests and cranial MRIs were performed. Biomarkers including amyloid beta 1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau were investigated in the cerebrospinal fluid samples. RESULTS Median age of the cohort was 52 years (ranges 34-72). Neuropsychological assessment results were compatible with impaired executive functions (in all patients except one with only bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, long-term visual and long-term verbal memory (severe in four patients and moderate in one). Visuospatial judgment and perception were impaired in six. Mean cerebrospinal fluid Aβ1-42 (pg/ml) was 878.0 ± 249.5 in patients with cortical atrophyin MRI whereas 1210.0 ± 45.9 in patients without any cortical atrophy. Cranial MRI showed cortical atrophy in six patients (6/10). CONCLUSION Our data showed the significance of the TTR protein in cognitive functions and highlighted the importance of the close follow-up of cognitive functions in ATTRv amyloidosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Durmuş
- Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Arman Çakar
- Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Department of Psychology University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey
| | - Merve Alaylioglu
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Duygu Gezen‐Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdinc Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience Institute of Neurological Sciences Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yeşim Gülşen Parman
- Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
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16
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Wieczorek E, Bezara P, Ożyhar A. Deep blue autofluorescence reveals the instability of human transthyretin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:492-499. [PMID: 34562536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type human transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol in the blood and brain. However, a number of mutations or aging leads to destabilization of the quaternary structure of TTR, which results in dissociation of TTR tetramers to monomers, followed by oligomerization and subsequent amyloid formation. TTR amyloid is a pathogenic factor underlying several diseases. It has recently been documented that destabilization of the structure of TTR is driven by Ca2+. The present work shows that the in vitro redox conditions contribute to the destabilization and formation of the highly unstable substoichiometric population(s) of TTR molecules. Importantly, destabilized TTR forms acquire the ability to emit fluorescence in the blue range of the light spectrum. Dithiothreitol (DTT), in the presence of Ca2+, enhances the formation of complex autofluorophore which displays maxima at 417 nm and 438 nm in the emission spectrum of TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wieczorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Bezara
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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17
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Ge F, Zhu D, Tian M, Shi J. The Role of Thyroid Function in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1553-1562. [PMID: 34420955 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is crucial for the regulation of metabolism, growth, and development of various tissues, organs, systems, including the central nervous system. Recent studies have implicated the role of thyroid dysfunction in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), while AD leads to a significant increase in the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. In this review, we have analyzed the role of thyroid function in the pathophysiology of AD as well as its biomarkers. The present review aims to provide encouraging targets for early screening of AD risk factors and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Understanding Amyloid Structures and Disease: A Continuing Challenge in Health Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126620. [PMID: 34205606 PMCID: PMC8234419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, are a highly prevalent class of disorders that share the presence of aberrant aggregates called amyloids in the nervous system [...].
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19
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Divergence Entropy-Based Evaluation of Hydrophobic Core in Aggressive and Resistant Forms of Transthyretin. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23040458. [PMID: 33924717 PMCID: PMC8070611 DOI: 10.3390/e23040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The two forms of transthyretin differing slightly in the tertiary structure, despite the presence of five mutations, show radically different properties in terms of susceptibility to the amyloid transformation process. These two forms of transthyretin are the object of analysis. The search for the sources of these differences was carried out by means of a comparative analysis of the structure of these molecules in their native and early intermediate stage forms in the folding process. The criterion for assessing the degree of similarity and differences is the status of the hydrophobic core. The comparison of the level of arrangement of the hydrophobic core and its initial stages is possible thanks to the application of divergence entropy for the early intermediate stage and for the final forms. It was shown that the minimal differences observed in the structure of the hydrophobic core of the forms available in PDB, turned out to be significantly different in the early stage (ES) structure in folding process. The determined values of divergence entropy for both ES forms indicate the presence of the seed of hydrophobic core only in the form resistant to amyloid transformation. In the form of aggressively undergoing amyloid transformation, the structure lacking such a seed is revealed, being a stretched one with a high content of β-type structure. In the discussed case, the active presence of water in the structural transformation of proteins expressed in the fuzzy oil drop model (FOD) is of decisive importance for the generation of the final protein structure. It has been shown that the resistant form tends to generate a centric hydrophobic core with the possibility of creating a globular structure, i.e., a spherical micelle-like form. The aggressively transforming form reveals in the structure of its early intermediate, a tendency to form the ribbon-like micelle as observed in amyloid.
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