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Lei G, Zhou KH, Chen XJ, Huang YQ, Yuan XJ, Li GG, Xie YY, Fang R. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the response mechanism of pepper roots to Phytophthora capsici infection. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:626. [PMID: 37864214 PMCID: PMC10589972 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora root rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora capsici is the most devastating disease in pepper production worldwide, and current management strategies have not been effective in preventing this disease. Therefore, the use of resistant varieties was regarded as an important part of disease management of P. capsici. However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense response of pepper roots to P. capsici infection is limited. METHODS A comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome approaches were used to dissect the molecular response of pepper to P. capsici infection in the resistant genotype A204 and the susceptible genotype A198 at 0, 24 and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi). RESULTS More genes and metabolites were induced at 24 hpi in A204 than A198, suggesting the prompt activation of defense responses in the resistant genotype, which can attribute two proteases, subtilisin-like protease and xylem cysteine proteinase 1, involved in pathogen recognition and signal transduction in A204. Further analysis indicated that the resistant genotype responded to P. capsici with fine regulation by the Ca2+- and salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathways, and then activation of downstream defense responses, including cell wall reinforcement and defense-related genes expression and metabolites accumulation. Among them, differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were uniquely activated in the resistant genotype A204 at 24 hpi, indicating a significant role of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in pepper resistance to P. capsici. CONCLUSION The candidate transcripts may provide genetic resources that may be useful in the improvement of Phytophthora root rot-resistant characters of pepper. In addition, the model proposed in this study provides new insight into the defense response against P. capsici in pepper, and enhance our current understanding of the interaction of pepper-P. capsici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lei
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Kun-Hua Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Xue-Jun Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Yue-Qin Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Xin-Jie Yuan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Ge-Ge Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China.
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Li Y, Ma X, Xiao LD, Yu YN, Yan HL, Gong ZH. CaWRKY50 Acts as a Negative Regulator in Response to Colletotrichum scovillei Infection in Pepper. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1962. [PMID: 37653879 PMCID: PMC10221478 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chili anthracnose is one of the most common and destructive fungal pathogens that affects the yield and quality of pepper. Although WRKY proteins play crucial roles in pepper resistance to a variety of pathogens, the mechanism of their resistance to anthracnose is still unknown. In this study, we found that CaWRKY50 expression was obviously induced by Colletotrichum scovillei infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. CaWRKY50-silencing enhanced pepper resistance to C. scovillei, while transient overexpression of CaWRKY50 in pepper increased susceptibility to C. scovillei. We further found that overexpression of CaWRKY50 in tomatoes significantly decreased resistance to C. scovillei by SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways. Moreover, CaWRKY50 suppressed the expression of two SA-related genes, CaEDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility 1) and CaSAMT1 (salicylate carboxymethyltransferase 1), by directly binding to the W-box motif in their promoters. Additionally, we demonstrated that CaWRKY50 interacts with CaWRKY42 and CaMIEL1 in the nucleus. Thus, our findings revealed that CaWRKY50 plays a negative role in pepper resistance to C. scovillei through the SA-mediated signaling pathway and the antioxidant defense system. These results provide a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of pepper varieties resistant to anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
| | - Luo-Dan Xiao
- Yibin Research Institute of Tea Industry, Yibin 644000, China;
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
| | - Hui-Ling Yan
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
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Genome-wide comprehensive analysis of miRNAs and their target genes expressed in resistant and susceptible Capsicum annuum genotypes during Phytophthora capsici infection. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:273-292. [PMID: 36418510 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive works on miRNA's role during plant-oomycete interaction, its role in Capsicum annuum-Phytophthora capsici pathosystem is not fully explored. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify known and novel miRNAs along with their target genes in two contrasting chili peppers genotypes, i.e., GojamMecha_9086 (resistant) and Dabat_80045 (susceptible) under P. capsici infection associated with modulating the defense response during disease pathogenesis. The result demonstrated 79 known miRNAs corresponding to 24 miRNAs families and 477 novel miRNAs along with 22,895 potential targets, including 30 defense-related target genes against P. capsici infection. The expression analysis of 29 known and 157 novel miRNAs in resistant and 30 known and 177 novel miRNAs in susceptible genotypes revealed differential accumulation patterns. qRT-PCR analysis of 8 defense-related miRNAs representing 4 novels (Pz-novel-miR428-1, Pz-novel-miR160-1, Pz-novel-miR1028-1, Pz-novel-miR204-1) and 4 known miRNAs (Pz-known-miR803-1, Pz-known-miR2059-1, Pz-known-miR2560-1, Pz-known-miR1872-1) revealed differential accumulation pattern in both resistant and susceptible genotypes. Additionally, validation of eight target genes of miRNAs using regional amplification quantitative RT-PCR (RA-PCR), a superior technique to 5'-RNA Ligase-Mediated-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5' RLM-RACE), revealed expression of six target genes positively correlated with their corresponding miRNAs in RC versus RI leaf, while five target genes observed an inverse correlation with their corresponding miRNAs in SC versus SI leaf, suggesting their key role during disease response. The Pz-known-miR1872-PODs pair showed perfect inverse relation in all four samples. The significant findings of the current study provide comprehensive genome-wide information about the repertoire of miRNAs and their target genes expressed in resistant and susceptible chili pepper genotypes, which can serve as a valuable resource for better understanding the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism during C. annuum-P. capsici pathosystem.
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Song N, Cheng Y, Peng W, Peng E, Zhao Z, Liu T, Yi T, Dai L, Wang B, Hong Y. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of the SBP-Box Gene Family in Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168918. [PMID: 34445624 PMCID: PMC8396319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SBP-box is an important plant-specific transcription factor family and is involved in diverse biological processes. Here, we identified a total of 15 SBP-BOX genes in the important fruit crop sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and characterized their gene structures, conserved domain and motif, chromosomal location, and cis-acting regulatory elements. SBP genes were classified into four subfamilies based on the amino acid sequence homology, and the classification is equally strongly supported by the gene and protein structures. Our analysis revealed that segmental duplication events were the main driving force in the evolution of CsSBP genes, and gene pairs might undergo extensive purifying selection. Further synteny analysis of the SBP members among sweet orange and other plant species provides valuable information for clarifying the CsSBP family evolutionary relationship. According to publicly available RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis from various sweet orange tissues, CsSBP genes may be expressed in different tissues and developmental stages. Gene expression analysis showed variable expression profiles of CsSBP genes under various abiotic stresses, such as high and low-temperature, salt, and wound treatments, demonstrating the potential role of SBP members in sweet orange response to abiotic stress. Noticeably, all CsSBP genes were also downregulated in sweet orange upon the infection of an important fungal pathogen Diaporthe citri. Our results provide valuable information for exploring the role of SBP-Box in sweet orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Yulin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Weiye Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - ErPing Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zengling Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tuyong Yi
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanyun Hong
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.H.)
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Kazerooni EA, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Al-Sadi AM, Kang SM, Yun BW, Lee IJ. Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Botrytis pelargonii and Alternaria alternata on Capsicum annuum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060472. [PMID: 34200967 PMCID: PMC8230671 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, to augment plant growth and suppress gray mold and leaf spot in pepper plants. Morphological modifications in fungal pathogen hyphae that expanded toward the PGPR colonies were detected via scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, preliminary screening showed that PGPR could produce various hydrolytic enzymes in its media. Treatments with B. amyloliquefaciens suppressed Botrytis gray mold and Alternaria leaf spot diseases on pepper caused by Botrytis pelargonii and Alternaria alternata, respectively. The PGPR strain modulated plant physio-biochemical processes. The inoculation of pepper with PGPR decreased protein, amino acid, antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and abscisic acid levels but increased salicylic acid and sugar levels compared to those of uninoculated plants, indicating a mitigation of the adverse effects of biotic stress. Moreover, gene expression studies confirmed physio-biochemical findings. PGPR inoculation led to increased expression of the CaXTH genes and decreased expression of CaAMP1, CaPR1, CaDEF1, CaWRKY2, CaBI-1, CaASRF1, CaSBP11, and CaBiP genes. Considering its beneficial effects, the inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens can be proposed as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmed Kazerooni
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
| | | | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman;
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
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