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Schlosserová K, Daniel O, Labská K, Jakubů V, Stárková T, Bílý J, Dresler J, Lang C, Fruth A, Flieger A, Žemličková H, Bielaszewska M, Havlíčková M. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: Frequent, yet underdiagnosed pathotype among E. coli O111 strains isolated from children with gastrointestinal disorders in the Czech Republic. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 316:151628. [PMID: 38936338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains including those of serogroup O111 are important causes of diarrhea in children. In the Czech Republic, no information is available on the etiological role of EAEC in pediatric diarrhea due to the lack of their targeted surveillance. To fill this gap, we determined the proportion of EAEC among E. coli O111 isolates from children with gastrointestinal disorders ≤ 2 years of age submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella during 2013-2022. EAEC accounted for 177 of 384 (46.1 %) E. coli O111 isolates, being the second most frequent E. coli O111 pathotype. Most of them (75.7 %) were typical EAEC that carried aggR, usually with aaiC and aatA marker genes; the remaining 24.3 % were atypical EAEC that lacked aggR but carried aaiC and/or aatA. Whole genome sequencing of 11 typical and two atypical EAEC O111 strains demonstrated differences in serotypes, sequence types (ST), virulence gene profiles, and the core genomes between these two groups. Typical EAEC O111:H21/ST40 strains resembled by their virulence profiles including the presence of the aggregative adherence fimbriae V (AAF/V)-encoding cluster to such strains from other countries and clustered with them in the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Atypical EAEC O111:H12/ST10 strains lacked virulence genes of typical EAEC and differed from them in cgMLST. All tested EAEC O111 strains displayed stacked-brick aggregative adherence to human intestinal epithelial cells. The AAF/V-encoding cluster was located on a plasmid of 95,749 bp or 93,286 bp (pAAO111) which also carried aggR, aap, aar, sepA, and aat cluster. EAEC O111 strains were resistant to antibiotics, in particular to aminopenicillins and cephalosporins; 88.3 % produced AmpC β-lactamase, and 4.1 % extended spectrum β-lactamase. We conclude that EAEC are frequent among E. coli O111 strains isolated from children with gastrointestinal disorders in the Czech Republic. To reliably assess the etiological role of EAEC in pediatric diarrhea, a serotype-independent, PCR-based pathotype surveillance system needs to be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Schlosserová
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic; 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, V Úvalu 84, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Daniel
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic; 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, V Úvalu 84, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Labská
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Jakubů
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Ruská 87, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Stárková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bílý
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dresler
- Central Military Medical Institute, Military University Hospital, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, Prague 160 01, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Lang
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella and National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, Wernigerode 38855, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella and National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, Wernigerode 38855, Germany
| | - Antje Flieger
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella and National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, Wernigerode 38855, Germany
| | - Helena Žemličková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Ruská 87, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bielaszewska
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic; 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, V Úvalu 84, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Havlíčková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
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Tapia-Pastrana G, Rojas-Bautista M, Hernández-Pérez P, Santiago-Martínez O, Gómez-Rodríguez LC, Terrazas-Luna VM, Montes-Yedra J, Bautista-Avendaño AA, García-López ES, Leon-Sicairos N, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Canizalez-Roman A. Virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profile, phylotyping and pathotyping of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children in Southwest Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300304. [PMID: 38470897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are one of the most important etiology factors causing diarrhea in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. DEC strains have characteristic virulence factors; however, other supplemental virulence genes (SVG) may contribute to the development of diarrhea in children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of DEC in children with diarrhea in southwestern Mexico and to associate childhood symptoms, SVG, and pathotypes with diarrhea-causing DEC strains. DEC strains were isolated from 230 children with diarrhea aged 0-60 months from the state of Oaxaca, southwestern Mexico; clinical data were collected, and PCR was used to identify SVG and pathotypes. Antibiotic resistance profiling was performed on DEC strains. 63% of samples were DEC positive, single or combined infections (two (21%) or three strains (1.3%)) of aEPEC (51%), EAEC (10.2%), tEPEC (5.4%), DAEC (4.8%), ETEC (4.1%), EIEC (1.4%), or EHEC (0.7%) were found. Children aged ≤ 12 and 49-60 months and symptoms (e.g., fever and blood) were associated with DEC strains. SVG related to colonization (nleB-EHEC), cytotoxicity (sat-DAEC and espC-tEPEC), and proteolysis (pic-aEPEC) were associated with DECs strains. E. coli phylogroup A was the most frequent, and some pathotypes (aEPEC-A, DAEC-B), and SVG (espC-B2, and sat-D) were associated with the phylogroups. Over 79% of the DEC strains were resistant to antibiotics, and 40% were MDR and XDR, respectively. In conclusion aEPEC was the most prevalent pathotype in children with diarrhea in this region. SVG related to colonization, cytotoxicity, and proteolysis were associated with diarrhea-producing DEC strains, which may play an essential role in the development of diarrhea in children in southwestern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Servicios de Salud, IMSS-Bienestar, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Metztli Rojas-Bautista
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Pilar Hernández-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Olegario Santiago-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Lucía C Gómez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Terrazas-Luna
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Servicios de Salud, IMSS-Bienestar, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jacobo Montes-Yedra
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas del Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A Bautista-Avendaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas del Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Yeda R, Makalliwa G, Apondi E, Sati B, Riziki L, Ouma C, Anguko E, Opot B, Okoth R, Koech EJ, Ochieng B, Gachohi J, Kikuvi G. Comparative prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli between children below five years with close contact to food animals in Kisumu County, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:25. [PMID: 38558553 PMCID: PMC10979810 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.25.41197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction diarrheal infections in young children below five years and food animals are caused by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains. The study focused on understanding the association between DEC pathotypes in children below five years and food animals to establish the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Methods samples from 150 children who presented with diarrhea at the Kisumu County Hospital and 100 stool samples from food animals were collected and processed using culture methods. Molecular identification of the pathotypes was assayed using a primer-specific polymerase chain reaction that targeted the six virulence genes related to the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes. Results one hundred and fifty-six study subjects (100 children samples and 56 food animals) samples were positive for E. coli polymerase chain reaction detection revealed a prevalence of (23%) among children below five years and a prevalence of (20%) among the food animals. Children samples showed Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, having high phenotypic frequency of (12%) followed by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, (5.3%) and Enteropathogenic Escherichia (3.3%) the least being mixed infections Enteroaggregative/Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Enteroaggregative/Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with (1.3%) respectively. The food animals found in children homesteads were detected to harbor pathogenic strains of E. coli. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathotypes detected in cattle (13%) followed by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli detected in goats at (4%) and poultry at (3%). Conclusion presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in food animals could serve as reservoirs of transmitting these bacteria to children below five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redemptah Yeda
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Makalliwa
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans Apondi
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Sati
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Laura Riziki
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Ouma
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Systems Program, Center for Disease Control, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Elekiah Anguko
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Systems Program, Center for Disease Control, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Opot
- Department of Malaria and Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Raphael Okoth
- Department of Malaria and Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Emmily Jepkemboi Koech
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Ochieng
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John Gachohi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Washington State University Global Health Program, Washington State University, P. O. Box 72938, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
- Paul G, Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman WA99164, USA
| | - Gideon Kikuvi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Calderon Toledo C, von Mentzer A, Agramont J, Thorell K, Zhou Y, Szabó M, Colque P, Kuhn I, Gutiérrez-Cortez S, Joffré E. Circulation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates expressing CS23 from the environment to clinical settings. mSystems 2023; 8:e0014123. [PMID: 37681982 PMCID: PMC10654058 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00141-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The importance of clean water cannot be overstated. It is a vital resource for maintaining health and well-being. Unfortunately, water sources contaminated with fecal discharges from animal and human origin due to a lack of wastewater management pose a significant risk to communities, as they can become a means of transmission of pathogenic bacteria like enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). ETEC is frequently found in polluted water in countries with a high prevalence of diarrheal diseases, such as Bolivia. This study provides novel insights into the circulation of ETEC between diarrheal cases and polluted water sources in areas with high rates of diarrheal disease. These findings highlight the Choqueyapu River as a potential reservoir for emerging pathogens carrying antibiotic-resistance genes, making it a crucial area for monitoring and intervention. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost, high-throughput method for tracking bacterial pathogens in low- and middle-income countries, making it a valuable tool for One Health monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calderon Toledo
- Unidad de Microbiología Ambiental, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (IBMB), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Astrid von Mentzer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Agramont
- Unidad de Microbiología Ambiental, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (IBMB), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The public platform of the Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Miklós Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Colque
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kuhn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Gutiérrez-Cortez
- Unidad de Microbiología Ambiental, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (IBMB), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Facile synthesis of silver-zinc oxide nanocomposites using Curcuma longa extract and its in vitro antimicrobial efficacy against multi-drug resistant pathogens of public health importance. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Galleria mellonella. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091924. [PMID: 36145672 PMCID: PMC9503582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs no emphasis. In this study, the in vitro stability, safety, and antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver-entrapped cinnamaldehyde (AgC) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) were investigated. Further, the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of AgC against MDR-EAEC was also assessed in Galleria mellonella larval model. In brief, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed effective entrapment of cinnamaldehyde with nanosilver, and the loading efficiency was estimated to be 29.50 ± 0.56%. The AgC was of crystalline form as determined by the X-ray diffractogram with a mono-dispersed spherical morphology of 9.243 ± 1.83 nm in electron microscopy. AgC exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.008−0.016 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.008−0.032 mg/mL against MDR- EAEC strains. Furthermore, AgC was stable (high-end temperatures, proteases, cationic salts, pH, and host sera) and tested safe for sheep erythrocytes as well as secondary cell lines (RAW 264.7 and HEp-2) with no negative effects on the commensal gut lactobacilli. in vitro, time-kill assays revealed that MBC levels of AgC could eliminate MDR-EAEC infection in 120 min. In G. mellonella larvae, AgC (MBC values) increased survival, decreased MDR-EAEC counts (p < 0.001), had an enhanced immunomodulatory effect, and was tested safe to the host. These findings infer that entrapment enhanced the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and AgNPs, overcoming their limitations when used individually, indicating AgC as a promising alternative antimicrobial candidate. However, further investigation in appropriate animal models is required to declare its application against MDR pathogens.
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Molecular Study to Detect Escherichia coli in Diarrheic Children and its Antibiotic Resistance. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases can lead to infections and cause morbidity and mortality in children. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an etiological agent, which is considered the major causative agent of diarrhea in children in some developing countries. The aims of this work were to estimate Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing diarrhea in children less than 5 years old, and to detect some biofilm virulence factors and the effect of some antibiotics. For the methodology, a total of 112 specimens were collected from children from two health centers, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and Public Health Laboratory (located in Al-Kut city/ and the Wasit province in Iraq). All specimens were grown on simple and rich media. A total of 43 (38.4%) E. coli isolates were identified using different traditional methods, such as biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was used to detect some virulence factor genes that play an important role in the pathogenesis of diarrheic E. coli e.g., 16S rRNA, bfpA, and eaeA. In this study, several antibiotics were used to estimate the sensitivity and resistivity of E. coli isolates. A total of 43 isolates were fully identified as E. coli. These samples were used to detect the virulence factor genes, and 31 (72.1%) and 29 (29.4%) isolates carried bfpA and eaeA, respectively. The preponderance of E. coli isolates were completely resistant to penicillin 43 (100%). Additionally, 33 (76.7%) and 27 (62.8%) isolates were resistant to cephalothin and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, respectively. Furthermore, the isolates of E. coli isolates showed different levels of sensitivity to antibiotics, including polymyxin B 40 (93%), norfloxacin 38 (88.4%), gentamycin 26 (60.4%), and meropenem 22 (51.2%). In conclusion, diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were the prevalent among diarrheic children. Most isolates showed varying results for the presence of virulence factors. In addition, all isolates were resistant to penicillin and sensitive to polymyxin B.
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