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Alqahtani QH, Alkharashi LA, Alajami H, Alkharashi I, Alkharashi L, Alhinti SN. Pioglitazone enhances cisplatin's impact on triple-negative breast cancer: Role of PPARγ in cell apoptosis. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102059. [PMID: 38601974 PMCID: PMC11004990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) has been recently shown to play a role in many cancers. The breast tissue of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients were found to have a significantly lower expression of PPARγ than the other subtypes. Furthermore, PPARγ activation was found to exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, differentiation, cell growth, cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. To start with, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of data from OncoDB, which showed a lower expression pattern of PPARγ in different cancer types. In addition, high expression of PPARγ was associated with better breast cancer patient survival. Therefore, we tested the impact of pioglitazone, a PPARγ ligand, on the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin in the TNBC cell line. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with either cisplatin (40 μM) with or without pioglitazone (30 or 60 μM) for 72 h. The MTT results showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability as a result of using cisplatin and pioglitazone combination compared with cisplatin alone. In addition, the protein expression of Bcl-2, a known antiapoptotic marker, decreased in the cells treated with cisplatin and pioglitazone combination at doses of 40 and 30 μM, respectively. On the other hand, cleaved- poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and -caspase-9, which are known as pro-apoptotic markers, were upregulated in the combination group compared with the solo treatments. Taken together, the addition of pioglitazone to cisplatin further reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and enhanced apoptosis compared with chemotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamraa Hamad Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Abdullah Alkharashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alajami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishraq Alkharashi
- PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan Alkharashi
- PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoug Nasser Alhinti
- PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Manickasamy MK, Sajeev A, BharathwajChetty B, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Hegde M, Aswani BS, Shakibaei M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Exploring the nexus of nuclear receptors in hematological malignancies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:78. [PMID: 38334807 PMCID: PMC10858172 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HM) represent a subset of neoplasms affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic systems, categorized primarily into leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Their prognosis varies considerably, with a frequent risk of relapse despite ongoing treatments. While contemporary therapeutic strategies have extended overall patient survival, they do not offer cures for advanced stages and often lead to challenges such as acquisition of drug resistance, recurrence, and severe side effects. The need for innovative therapeutic targets is vital to elevate both survival rates and patients' quality of life. Recent research has pivoted towards nuclear receptors (NRs) due to their role in modulating tumor cell characteristics including uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis evasion, invasion and migration. Existing evidence emphasizes NRs' critical role in HM. The regulation of NR expression through agonists, antagonists, or selective modulators, contingent upon their levels, offers promising clinical implications in HM management. Moreover, several anticancer agents targeting NRs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This review highlights the integral function of NRs in HM's pathophysiology and the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting these receptors, suggesting a prospective avenue for more efficient therapeutic interventions against HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Manickasamy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Bandari BharathwajChetty
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Babu Santha Aswani
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Department of Human-Anatomy, Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Yang X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Ma M, Li F, Xie Y, Han X, Liu S. Xianlinglianxiafang Inhibited the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via activating PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115164. [PMID: 37478577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by high invasion and metastasis rates. Xian-Ling-Lian-Xia formula (XLLX) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription widely used in China for treating TNBC. Clinical studies have shown that XLLX significantly reduces the recurrence and metastasis rate of TNBC and improves disease-free survival. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of XLLX on TNBC are not clear yet. Here, we investigated the effects of XLLX on TNBC using a mouse model and tumor cell lines. The results showed that XLLX significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 in vitro, induced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and EMT marker proteins in tumor cells. In in vivo experiments, XLLX treatment significantly reduced the progression of TNBC tumors and lung metastasis. Transcriptomics reveals that XLLX treatment significantly enriched differentially expressed genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The western blot results confirmed that XLLX significantly upregulated the protein expression of PPARγ and p-AMPK in TNBC cells, tumors, and lung tissues. It is noteworthy that GW9662 (a PPARγ inhibitor) and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) partially reversed the anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects of XLLX in TNBC cells. Therefore, XLLX may effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC by activating the PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- department of breast surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyang Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianghui Han
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Bombarda-Rocha V, Silva D, Badr-Eddine A, Nogueira P, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Challenges in Pharmacological Intervention in Perilipins (PLINs) to Modulate Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Obesity and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4013. [PMID: 37568828 PMCID: PMC10417315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are the most abundant proteins in lipid droplets (LD). These LD-associated proteins are responsible for upgrading LD from inert lipid storage structures to fully functional organelles, fundamentally integrated in the lipid metabolism. There are five distinct perilipins (PLIN1-5), each with specific expression patterns and metabolic activation, but all capable of regulating the activity of lipases on LD. This plurality creates a complex orchestrated mechanism that is directly related to the healthy balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Given the essential role of PLINs in the modulation of the lipid metabolism, these proteins can become interesting targets for the treatment of lipid-associated diseases. Since reprogrammed lipid metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark, and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer and other comorbidities, the modulation of PLINs could either improve existing treatments or create new opportunities for the treatment of these diseases. Even though PLINs have not been, so far, directly considered for pharmacological interventions, there are many established drugs that can modulate PLINs activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the involvement of PLINs in diseases related to lipid metabolism dysregulation and whether PLINs can be viewed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Bombarda-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Allal Badr-Eddine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Zhang X, Wang C, Yu J, Bu J, Ai F, Wang Y, Lin J, Zhu X. Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer: a status update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202493. [PMID: 37534210 PMCID: PMC10393036 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women. Currently, the treatment of breast cancer is limited by the lack of effectively targeted therapy and patients often suffer from higher severity, metastasis, and resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) consist of lipid bilayers that encapsulate a complex cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. These bioactive cargoes have been found to play crucial roles in breast cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, EV cargoes play pivotal roles in converting mammary cells to carcinogenic cells and metastatic foci by extensively inducing proliferation, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, migration, and chemoresistance. The present update review mainly discusses EVs cargoes released from breast cancer cells and tumor-derived EVs in the breast cancer microenvironment, focusing on proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and their clinical potential as effective biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caizheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiawen Bu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fulv Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Higuchi T, Takeuchi A, Munesue S, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Harashima A, Yamamoto Y, Tsuchiya H. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, zaltoprofen, inhibits the growth of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma cells by inducing PPARγ, p21, p27, and p53. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:939-950. [PMID: 36636023 PMCID: PMC10054153 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2166195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor and master transcription factor of adipogenesis-related genes, and has been reported as an antitumor target for chondrosarcomas. Herein, we show that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, zaltoprofen, induces the expression of PPARγ at the mRNA and protein levels, following the induction of PPARγ-activating factors, such as Krox20, C/EBPβ, and C/EBPα, in human extraskeletal chondrosarcoma H-EMC-SS cells. Upregulation of the cell cycle checkpoint proteins, p21, p27, and p53, was observed upon treatment of H-EMC-SS cells with zaltoprofen, which probably resulted in the inhibition of proliferation of these cells observed in vitro. Zaltoprofen treatment inhibited tumor growth, induced tumor cell apoptosis, and was well tolerated in a mouse model of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic effect of zaltoprofen that should promote further studies on the rational use of this drug for the effective treatment of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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7
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Catani MV, Tullio V, Maccarrone M, Gasperi V. DNA-Protein-Interaction (DPI)-ELISA Assay for PPAR-γ Receptor Binding. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:133-143. [PMID: 36152182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ has been described in a plethora of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, inflammatory-related diseases, and cancer. Therefore, identifying novel drugs that are able to restore PPAR-γ activity is a current challenge, which is however slowed down by the lack of a rapid and reproducible activity assay. To date, only a few methods are able to characterize PPAR-γ activity and most of them are expensive, time-consuming, and not always quantitative.Herein, we presented a sensitive multi-well colorimetric assay, termed DNA-Protein-Interaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DPI-ELISA). This method is based on the ELISA principle, except that it allows to detect only activated PPAR-γ because, unlike classical ELISA, PPAR-γ is not captured by an antibody but by a double-stranded oligonucleotide probe containing its peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPRE) consensus sequence. Thus, DPI-ELISA represents a useful assay for PPAR-γ studies, as well as for the identification of novel PPAR-γ ligands for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to human diseases where PPAR-γ signaling is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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8
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FABP5 controls macrophage alternative activation and allergic asthma by selectively programming long-chain unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Malakouti P, Mohammadi M, Boshagh MA, Amini A, Rezaee MA, Rahmani MR. Combined effects of pioglitazone and doxorubicin on migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:13. [PMID: 35342925 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite antitumor properties, chemotherapy medication can create conditions in tumor cells that work in favor of the tumor. Doxorubicin, commonly prescribed chemotherapy agents, can increase the risk of migration and invasion of tumor cells through overexpression of the CXCR4 gene by affecting downstream signaling pathways. The regulatory role of CXCR7 on CXCR4 function has been demonstrated. Therefore, it is hypothesized that combining doxorubicin with another anticancer drug could be a promising approach. METHODS In this research, we evaluated the anti-invasive property of pioglitazone along with antitumor effects of doxorubicin on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS There was no significant difference between two treatment groups in neither the expression nor changes in the expression of CXCR7 and CXCR4 genes (P < 0.05). Pioglitazone-doxorubicin combination reduced cell migration in tumor cells to a significantly higher extent compared to doxorubicin alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of pioglitazone and doxorubicin might reduce cell migration in breast cancer tumor cells, and that cell migration function is independent of some specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Malakouti
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mobin Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Boshagh
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Amini
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Rezaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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10
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Han W, Wang N, Kong R, Bao W, Lu J. Ligand-activated PPARδ expression promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 20:86. [PMID: 35151320 PMCID: PMC8840031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPARδ) was considered as the key regulator involved in the evolution of various tumors. Given that PPARδ potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still obscure, we comprehensively assessed its expression pattern, prognosis, functions and correlation with tumor microenvironment in HCC using public database data and in vitro studies. Methods Transcriptional data and clinical data in the TCGA and GEO database were analyzed in R software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of related RNA and proteins. The malignant biological characteristics were explored by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8), 5-Ethynyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and wound healing assay. Results Our results illustrated that PPARδ expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Elevated expression of PPARδ suggested poor clinical staging and prognosis in HCC. Ligand-activated PPARδ expression promoted the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells via PDK1/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. The expression of PPARδ was closely related to the HCC tumor microenvironment. Conclusions PPARδ plays an important part in HCC progression, penetrating investigation of the related regulatory mechanism may shed light upon further biological and pharmacological value.
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Ji C, Chen Z, Yang H, Wang L, Yu Y, Qiao N, Ma Z, Ye Z, Shao X, Liu W, Wang Y, Gong W, Melnikov V, Hu L, Lee EJ, Ye H, Wang Y, Li Y, He M, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Treatment of acromegaly by rosiglitazone via upregulating 15-PGDH in both pituitary adenoma and liver. iScience 2021; 24:102983. [PMID: 34485865 PMCID: PMC8403734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to reduce growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in 10 patients with acromegaly. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we reveal that PPARγ directly enhances 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) expression, whose expression is decreased and negatively correlates with tumor size in acromegaly. Rosiglitazone decreases GH production and promotes apoptosis and autophagy in GH3 and primary somatotroph adenoma cells and suppresses hepatic GH receptor (GHR) expression and IGF-1 secretion in HepG2 cells. Activating the PGE2/cAMP/PKA pathway directly increases GHR expression. Rosiglitazone suppresses tumor growth and decreases GH and IGF-1 levels in mice inoculated subcutaneously with GH3 cells. The above effects are all dependent on 15-PGDH expression. Rosiglitazone as monotherapy effectively decreases GH and IGF-1 levels in all nineteen patients with active acromegaly. Evidence suggests that rosiglitazone may be an alternative pharmacological approach for acromegaly by targeting both pituitary adenomas and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chenxing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhengyuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Nidan Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zengyi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | | | - Lydia Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Augimeri G, Bonofiglio D. PPARgamma: A Potential Intrinsic and Extrinsic Molecular Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050543. [PMID: 34067944 PMCID: PMC8152061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) has been increasingly recognized as a key player in tumor development and progression and as a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for breast cancer patients. The breast TME, representing a complex network of cellular signaling—deriving from different stromal cell types as well as extracellular matrix components, extracellular vesicles, and soluble growth factors—establishes a crosstalk with cancer cells sustaining tumor progression. A significant emphasis derives from the tumor surrounding inflammation responsible for the failure of the immune system to effectively restrain breast cancer growth. Thus, effective therapeutic strategies require a deeper understanding of the interplay between tumor and stroma, aimed at targeting both the intrinsic neoplastic cells and the extrinsic surrounding stroma. In this scenario, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, primarily known as a metabolic regulator, emerged as a potential target for breast cancer treatment since it functions in breast cancer cells and several components of the breast TME. In particular, the activation of PPARγ by natural and synthetic ligands inhibits breast cancer cell growth, motility, and invasiveness. Moreover, activated PPARγ may educate altered stromal cells, counteracting the pro-inflammatory milieu that drive breast cancer progression. Interestingly, using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, PPARγ also emerges as a prognostically favorable factor in breast cancer patients. In this perspective, we briefly discuss the mechanisms by which PPARγ is implicated in tumor biology as well as in the complex regulatory networks within the breast TME. This may help to profile approaches that provide a simultaneous inhibition of epithelial cells and TME components, offering a more efficient way to treat breast cancer.
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Yu C, Wu D, Zhao C, Wu C. CircRNA TGFBR2/MiR-25-3p/TWIST1 axis regulates osteoblast differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:360-371. [PMID: 33070258 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by valve thickening and calcification. Osteoblast differentiation is one of the key steps of valve calcification. CircRNAs is involved in osteogenic differentiation of multiple mesenchymal cells. However, the function of circRNA TGFBR2 (TGFBR2) in CAVD remained unclear. We explored the effect and mechanism of TGFBR2 in modulating CAVD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) were subjected to osteogenic induction, and transfected with TGFBR2, miR-25-3p mimic and siTWIST1. The relationship between miR-25-3p and GFBR2 was predicted by starBase and confirmed by luciferase reporter and Person's correlation test. The relationship between miR-25-3p and TWIST1 was predicted by TargetScan and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of TGFBR2, miR-25-3p, TWIST1, osteoblast markers (RUNX2 and OPN) were detected by Western blot or/and qRT-PCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium nodule was determined by colorimetric method and Alizarin Red S staining. RESULTS The expression of TGFBR2 was down-regulated and that of miR-25-3p was up-regulated in calcific valves and osteogenic VICs. TGFBR2 was inversely correlated with miR-25-3p expression in calcific valves. TGFBR2 sponged miR-25-3p to regulate TWIST1 expression in osteogenic VICs. During osteogenic differentiation, ALP activity, calcium nodule, the levels of osteoblast markers were increased in VICs. MiR-25-3p overexpression or TWIST1 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of TGFBR2 overexpression on ALP activity, calcium nodule, the expressions of RUNX2 and OPN in osteogenic VICs. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that TGFBR2/miR-25-3p/TWIST1 axis regulates osteoblast differentiation in VICs, supporting the fact that TGFBR2 is a miRNA sponge in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, No. 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
| | - Dannan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of English, School of Foreign Languages, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, Hainan, China
| | - Chaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, No. 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
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Cheng HS, Yip YS, Lim EKY, Wahli W, Tan NS. PPARs and Tumor Microenvironment: The Emerging Roles of the Metabolic Master Regulators in Tumor Stromal-Epithelial Crosstalk and Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092153. [PMID: 33946986 PMCID: PMC8125182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for more than three decades. Consisting of three isotypes, PPARα, γ, and β/δ, these nuclear receptors are regarded as the master metabolic regulators which govern many aspects of the body energy homeostasis and cell fate. Their roles in malignancy are also increasingly recognized. With the growing interest in crosstalk between tumor stroma and epithelium, this review aims to highlight the current knowledge on the implications of PPARs in the tumor microenvironment. PPARγ plays a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts and adipocytes, coercing the two stromal cells to become substrate donors for cancer growth. Fibroblast PPARβ/δ can modify the risk of tumor initiation and cancer susceptibility. In endothelial cells, PPARβ/δ and PPARα are pro- and anti-angiogenic, respectively. Although the angiogenic role of PPARγ remains ambiguous, it is a crucial regulator in autocrine and paracrine signaling of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages/immune cells. Of note, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a secretory protein encoded by a target gene of PPARs, triggers critical oncogenic processes such as inflammatory signaling, extracellular matrix derangement, anoikis resistance and metastasis, making it a potential drug target for cancer treatment. To conclude, PPARs in the tumor microenvironment exhibit oncogenic activities which are highly controversial and dependent on many factors such as stromal cell types, cancer types, and oncogenesis stages. Thus, the success of PPAR-based anticancer treatment potentially relies on innovative strategies to modulate PPAR activity in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (Y.S.Y.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-6904-1295 (N.S.T.)
| | - Yun Sheng Yip
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (Y.S.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Eldeen Kai Yi Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (Y.S.Y.); (W.W.)
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (Y.S.Y.); (W.W.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (H.S.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-6904-1295 (N.S.T.)
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Fenofibrate Exerts Antitumor Effects in Colon Cancer via Regulation of DNMT1 and CDKN2A. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6663782. [PMID: 33959155 PMCID: PMC8075693 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is the molecular target of fibrates commonly used to treat dyslipidemia and diabetes. Recently, the potential role of PPARA in other pathological conditions, such as cancers, has been recognized. Here, using bioinformatics analysis, we found that PPARA was expressed at relatively low levels in pancancers, and Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that high PPARA protein expression was correlated with better survival of patients with colon cancer. In vitro experiments showed that fenofibrate regulated cell cycle distribution, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition by activating PPARA. PPARA activation inhibited DNMT1 activity and abolished methylation-mediated CDKN2A repression. Downregulation of cyclin-CDK complexes led to the restoration of CDKN2A, which caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase via regulation of the CDKN2A/RB/E2F pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that fenofibrate administration inhibited tumor growth and DNMT1 activity in vivo. The PPARA agonist, fenofibrate, might serve as an applicable agent for epigenetic therapy of colon cancer patients.
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