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Fang L, Ning J. Gut virome and diabetes: discovering links, exploring therapies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:346. [PMID: 38976078 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between the gut virome and diabetes, elucidating the mechanisms by which the virome engages with both human cells and the intestinal bacteriome. By examining a decade of scientific literature, we provide a detailed account of the distinct viral variations observed in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our synthesis reveals that the gut virome significantly influences the development of both diabetes types through its interactions, which indirectly modulate immune and inflammatory responses. In T1D, the focus is on eukaryotic viruses that stimulate the host's immune system, whereas T2D is characterized by a broader spectrum of altered phage diversities. Promisingly, in vitro and animal studies suggest fecal virome transplantation as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate symptoms of T2D and obesity. This study pioneers a holistic overview of the gut virome's role in T1D and T2D, its interplay with host immunity, and the innovative potential of fecal transplantation therapy in clinical diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guanlan Road 187, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guanlan Road 187, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong Province, China.
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2
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Yue T, Tan H, Wang C, Liu Z, Yang D, Ding Y, Xu W, Yan J, Zheng X, Weng J, Luo S. High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033393. [PMID: 36582242 PMCID: PMC9794034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The profile of gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes remains unknown. We aimed to explore gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids signatures in individuals with T1D typed by HLA genotypes. Methods We did a cross-sectional study that included 73 T1D adult patients. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the HLA haplotypes they carried: those with any two of three susceptibility haplotypes (DR3, DR4, DR9) and without any of the protective haplotypes (DR8, DR11, DR12, DR15, DR16) were defined as high-risk HLA genotypes group (HR, n=30); those with just one or without susceptibility haplotypes as the non-high-risk HLA genotypes group (NHR, n=43). We characterized the gut microbiome profile with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analyzed serum metabolites with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Study individuals were 32.5 (8.18) years old, and 60.3% were female. Compared to NHR, the gut microbiota of HR patients were characterized by elevated abundances of Prevotella copri and lowered abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis. Differential serum metabolites (hypoxanthine, inosine, and guanine) which increased in HR were involved in purine metabolism. Different lipids, phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, decreased in HR group. Notably, Parabacteroides distasonis was negatively associated (p ≤ 0.01) with hypoxanthine involved in purine metabolic pathways. Conclusions The present findings enabled a better understanding of the changes in gut microbiome and serum metabolome in T1D patients with HLA risk genotypes. Alterations of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites may provide some information for distinguishing T1D patients with different HLA risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiling Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daizhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Jianping Weng, ; Sihui Luo,
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Jianping Weng, ; Sihui Luo,
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Gut Microbiota Functional Traits, Blood pH, and Anti-GAD Antibodies Concur in the Clinical Characterization of T1D at Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810256. [PMID: 36142163 PMCID: PMC9499637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of gut microbiota have been identified before clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes (T1D). To identify the associations amongst gut microbiome profile, metabolism and disease markers, the 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling and 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis were performed on stool samples of 52 T1D patients at onset, 17 T1D siblings and 57 healthy subjects (CTRL). Univariate, multivariate analyses and classification models were applied to clinical and -omic integrated datasets. In T1D patients and their siblings, Clostridiales and Dorea were increased and Dialister and Akkermansia were decreased compared to CTRL, while in T1D, Lachnospiraceae were higher and Collinsella was lower, compared to siblings and CTRL. Higher levels of isobutyrate, malonate, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, were associated to T1D compared to CTRL. Patients with higher anti-GAD levels showed low abundances of Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Alistipes and those with normal blood pH and low serum HbA1c levels showed high levels of purine and pyrimidine intermediates. We detected specific gut microbiota profiles linked to both T1D at the onset and to diabetes familiarity. The presence of specific microbial and metabolic profiles in gut linked to anti-GAD levels and to blood acidosis can be considered as predictive biomarker associated progression and severity of T1D.
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Elhag DA, Kumar M, Saadaoui M, Akobeng AK, Al-Mudahka F, Elawad M, Al Khodor S. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatments and Predictive Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136966. [PMID: 35805965 PMCID: PMC9266456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with a highly heterogeneous presentation. It has a relapsing and remitting clinical course that necessitates lifelong monitoring and treatment. Although the availability of a variety of effective therapeutic options including immunomodulators and biologics (such as TNF, CAM inhibitors) has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment outcomes and clinical management of IBD patients, some patients still either fail to respond or lose their responsiveness to therapy over time. Therefore, according to the recent Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE-II) recommendations, continuous disease monitoring from symptomatic relief to endoscopic healing along with short- and long-term therapeutic responses are critical for providing IBD patients with a tailored therapy algorithm. Moreover, considering the high unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches for IBD patients, various new modulators of cytokine signaling events (for example, JAK/TYK inhibitors), inhibitors of cytokines (for example IL-12/IL-23, IL-22, IL-36, and IL-6 inhibitors), anti-adhesion and migration strategies (for example, β7 integrin, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, and stem cells), as well as microbial-based therapeutics to decolonize the bed buds (for example, fecal microbiota transplantation and bacterial inhibitors) are currently being evaluated in different phases of controlled clinical trials. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of available treatment options and emerging therapeutic approaches for IBD patients. Furthermore, predictive biomarkers for monitoring the therapeutic response to different IBD therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Ahmed Elhag
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marwa Saadaoui
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Anthony K. Akobeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.K.A.); (F.A.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Fatma Al-Mudahka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.K.A.); (F.A.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Mamoun Elawad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.K.A.); (F.A.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (D.A.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang L, Zhang W, Wu X, Liang X, Cao L, Zhai J, Yang Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Zhang J, Ding Y, Zhu F, Tang J. MIAOME: Human Microbiome Affect The Host Epigenome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2455-2463. [PMID: 35664224 PMCID: PMC9136154 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the genetic factors having tremendous influences on the regulations of the epigenome, the microenvironmental factors have recently gained extensive attention for their roles in affecting the host epigenome. There are three major types of microenvironmental factors: microbiota-derived metabolites (MDM), microbiota-derived components (MDC) and microbiota-secreted proteins (MSP). These factors can regulate host physiology by modifying host gene expression through the three highly interconnected epigenetic mechanisms (e.g. histone modifications, DNA modifications, and non-coding RNAs). However, no database was available to provide the comprehensive factors of these types. Herein, a database entitled 'Human Microbiome Affect The Host Epigenome (MIAOME)' was constructed. Based on the types of epigenetic modifications confirmed in the literature review, the MIAOME database captures 1068 (63 genus, 281 species, 707 strains, etc.) human microbes, 91 unique microbiota-derived metabolites & components (16 fatty acids, 10 bile acids, 10 phenolic compounds, 10 vitamins, 9 tryptophan metabolites, etc.) derived from 967 microbes; 50 microbes that secreted 40 proteins; 98 microbes that directly influence the host epigenetic modification, and provides 3 classifications of the epigenome, including (1) 4 types of DNA modifications, (2) 20 histone modifications and (3) 490 ncRNAs regulations, involved in 160 human diseases. All in all, MIAOME has compiled the information on the microenvironmental factors influence host epigenome through the scientific literature and biochemical databases, and allows the collective considerations among the different types of factors. It can be freely assessed without login requirement by all users at: http://miaome.idrblab.net/ttd/
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianglu Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lijie Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jincheng Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiyang Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiuxiao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongqing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (J. Tang).
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (J. Tang).
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (J. Tang).
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Andriulli A, Bevilacqua A, Palmieri O, Latiano A, Fontana R, Gioffreda D, Castellana S, Mazza T, Panza A, Menzaghi C, Grandone E, di Mauro L, Decina I, Tricarico M, Musaico D, Mäki M, Isola J, Popp A, Taavela J, Petruzzi L, Sinigaglia M, Rosaria Corbo M, Lamacchia C. Healthy and pro-inflammatory gut ecology plays a crucial role in the digestion and tolerance of a novel Gluten Friendly™ bread in celiac subjects: a randomized, double blind, placebo control in vivo study. Food Funct 2022; 13:1299-1315. [PMID: 35029612 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gluten Friendly™ (GF) is a new gluten achieved through a physicochemical process applied to wheat kernels. The goal of this research was to assess the in vivo effects of Gluten Friendly™ bread on celiac gut mucosa and microbiota. In a double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study, 48 celiac disease (CD) patients were randomized into 3 groups to eat 100 g of bread daily, containing different doses (0; 3 g; 6 g) of GF for 12 weeks. The small-bowel morphology (VH/CrD), intraepithelial densities of CD3+, celiac serology, MUC2, CB1, gut permeability, proinflammatory cytokines, gluten in stools, symptoms, and gut microbial composition were assessed. All 48 CD subjects experienced no symptoms. K-means analysis evidenced celiac subjects clustering around unknown parameters independent of GF dosage: K1 35%; K2 30%; K3 35%. VH/CrD significantly decreased in K1 and K2. VH/CrD did not correlate with IEL increase in K2. 33-mer was not detected in 47% and 73% of patients in both K1 and K2, respectively. VH/CrD and IEL did not change significantly and strongly correlated with the absence of 33-mer in K3. Inflammation and VH/CrD decrease are strongly related with the presence of proinflammatory species at the baseline. A boost in probiotic, butyrate-producing genera, is strongly related with GF tolerance at the end of the trial. Our research suggests that a healthy and proinflammatory ecology could play a crucial role in the digestion and tolerance of the new gluten molecule in celiac subjects. However, GF can be completely digested by gut microbiota of CD subjects and shapes it toward gut homeostasis by boosting healthy butyrate-producing populations. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03137862 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Agricoltura, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy
| | - Anna Panza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elvira Grandone
- Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Unit, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lazzaro di Mauro
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Musaico
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Agricoltura, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Markku Mäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Jilab Inc., Tampere, Finland
| | - Alina Popp
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" and National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alessandrescu-Rusescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Juha Taavela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Leonardo Petruzzi
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Agricoltura, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Agricoltura, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Agricoltura, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Carmela Lamacchia
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Agricoltura, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Foggia, Italy. .,New Gluten World s.r.l., Foggia, Italy
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Tsai YW, Dong JL, Jian YJ, Fu SH, Chien MW, Liu YW, Hsu CY, Sytwu HK. Gut Microbiota-Modulated Metabolomic Profiling Shapes the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091930. [PMID: 34576825 PMCID: PMC8466726 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a complex and multifaceted process that contributes to widespread functional decline that affects multiple organs and tissues. The pandemic of autoimmune diseases, which are a global health concern, augments in both the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The development of autoimmune diseases is phenotypically associated with gut microbiota-modulated features at the molecular and cellular levels. The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases comprise the alterations of immune systems with the innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration into specific organs and the augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. However, the relative importance and mechanistic interrelationships between the gut microbial community and the immune system during progression of autoimmune diseases are still not well understood. In this review, we describe studies on the profiling of gut microbial signatures for the modulation of immunological homeostasis in multiple inflammatory diseases, elucidate their critical roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and discuss the implications of these findings for these disorders. Targeting intestinal microbiome and its metabolomic associations with the phenotype of autoimmunity will enable the progress of developing new therapeutic strategies to counteract microorganism-related immune dysfunction in these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, No.222, Maijin Road, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Jie Jian
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18535 (C.-Y.H.)/18539 (H.-K.S.)); Fax: +886-2-8792-1774 (H.-K.S.)
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18535 (C.-Y.H.)/18539 (H.-K.S.)); Fax: +886-2-8792-1774 (H.-K.S.)
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Relationship between Nutrient Intake and Human Gut Microbiota in Monozygotic Twins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030275. [PMID: 33809761 PMCID: PMC8002349 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The gut microbiota is associated with human health and dietary nutrition. Various studies have been reported in this regard, but it is difficult to clearly analyze human gut microbiota as individual differences are significant. The causes of these individual differences in intestinal microflora are genetic and/or environmental. In this study, we focused on differences between identical twins in Japan to clarify the effects of nutrients consumed on the entire gut microbiome, while excluding genetic differences. Materials and Methods: We selected healthy Japanese monozygotic twins for the study and confirmed their zygosity by matching 15 short tandem repeat loci. Their fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to identify and compare the fluctuations in intestinal bacteria. Results: We identified 12 genera sensitive to environmental factors, and found that Lactobacillus was relatively unaffected by environmental factors. Moreover, we identified protein, fat, and some nutrient intake that can affect 12 genera, which have been identified to be more sensitive to environmental factors. Among the 12 genera, Bacteroides had a positive correlation with retinol equivalent intake (rs = 0.38), Lachnospira had a significantly negative correlation with protein, sodium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake (rs = −0.38, −0.41, −0.39, −0.63, −0.42, −0.49, respectively), Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group had a positive correlation with fat intake (rs = 0.39), and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008 group had a negative correlation with the saturated fatty acid intake (rs = −0.45). Conclusions: Our study is the first to focus on the relationship between human gut microbiota and nutrient intake using samples from Japanese twins to exclude the effects of genetic factors. These findings will broaden our understanding of the more intuitive relationship between nutrient intake and the gut microbiota and can be a useful basis for finding useful biomarkers that contribute to human health.
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