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Sweetat S, Nitzan K, Suissa N, Haimovich Y, Lichtenstein M, Zabit S, Benhamron S, Akarieh K, Mishra K, Barasch D, Saada A, Ziv T, Kakhlon O, Lorberboum-Galski H, Rosenmann H. The Beneficial Effect of Mitochondrial Transfer Therapy in 5XFAD Mice via Liver–Serum–Brain Response. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071006. [PMID: 37048079 PMCID: PMC10093713 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the benefit of the IV transferring of active exogenous mitochondria in a short-term pharmacological AD (Alzheimer’s disease) model. We have now explored the efficacy of mitochondrial transfer in 5XFAD transgenic mice, aiming to explore the underlying mechanism by which the IV-injected mitochondria affect the diseased brain. Mitochondrial transfer in 5XFAD ameliorated cognitive impairment, amyloid burden, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exogenously injected mitochondria were detected in the liver but not in the brain. We detected alterations in brain proteome, implicating synapse-related processes, ubiquitination/proteasome-related processes, phagocytosis, and mitochondria-related factors, which may lead to the amelioration of disease. These changes were accompanied by proteome/metabolome alterations in the liver, including pathways of glucose, glutathione, amino acids, biogenic amines, and sphingolipids. Altered liver metabolites were also detected in the serum of the treated mice, particularly metabolites that are known to affect neurodegenerative processes, such as carnosine, putrescine, C24:1-OH sphingomyelin, and amino acids, which serve as neurotransmitters or their precursors. Our results suggest that the beneficial effect of mitochondrial transfer in the 5XFAD mice is mediated by metabolic signaling from the liver via the serum to the brain, where it induces protective effects. The high efficacy of the mitochondrial transfer may offer a novel AD therapy.
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Yang Y, Zhang Q, Yang J, Wang Y, Zhuang K, Zhao C. Possible Association of Nucleobindin-1 Protein with Depressive Disorder in Patients with HIV Infection. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091151. [PMID: 36138887 PMCID: PMC9496684 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental disorders linked with dysfunction in the temporal cortex, such as anxiety and depression, can increase the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLWHA). Expressions of both nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) in the neurons have been found to alter in patients with depressive disorder, but whether it is involved in the development of depression in the context of HIV infection is unknown. Objectives To investigate the effects of NUCB1 on depressive disorder among PLWHA and preliminarily explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Individuals who were newly HIV diagnosed were assessed on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). Then SHIV-infected rhesus monkeys were used to investigate the possible involvement of the NUCB1 and the CNR1 protein in depression-like behavior. Results: The prevalence rate of depression among PLWHA was 27.33% (41/150). The mechanism results showing elevated NUCB1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid from HIV-infected patients suffering from depression were confirmed compared to those of HIV-infected patients. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis indicated the expression of NUCB1 in the temporal cortex neurons of SHIV-infected monkeys was higher than that of the healthy control. Conversely, CNR1 expression was down-regulated at protein levels. Conclusions: Depression symptoms are common among PLWHA and associate with NUCB1 expression increases, and NUCB1 may be a potential target for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Fei HX, Qian CF, Wu XM, Wei YH, Huang JY, Wei LH. Role of micronutrients in Alzheimer's disease: Review of available evidence. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7631-7641. [PMID: 36158513 PMCID: PMC9372870 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years. Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key contributor to the development of AD, the exact pathogenic mechanism remains known. Multiple factors are related to AD, such as genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, and nutrients. Both epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown that the levels of micronutrients, such as copper, zinc, and iron, are closely related to the development of AD. In this review, we summarize the roles of eight micronutrients, including copper, zinc, iron, selenium, silicon, manganese, arsenic, and vitamin D in AD based on recently published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Fei
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chao-Fan Qian
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wei
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Hua Wei
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Sidhom E, O’Brien JT, Butcher AJ, Smith HL, Mallucci GR, Underwood BR. Targeting the Unfolded Protein Response as a Disease-Modifying Pathway in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2021. [PMID: 35216136 PMCID: PMC8877151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a global medical and societal challenge; it has devastating personal, social and economic costs, which will increase rapidly as the world's population ages. Despite this, there are no disease-modifying treatments for dementia; current therapy modestly improves symptoms but does not change the outcome. Therefore, new treatments are urgently needed-particularly any that can slow down the disease's progression. Many of the neurodegenerative diseases that lead to dementia are characterised by common pathological responses to abnormal protein production and misfolding in brain cells, raising the possibility of the broad application of therapeutics that target these common processes. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one such mechanism. The UPR is a highly conserved cellular stress response to abnormal protein folding and is widely dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the basic machinery of the UPR, as well as the evidence for its overactivation and pathogenicity in dementia, and for the marked neuroprotective effects of its therapeutic manipulation in murine models of these disorders. We discuss drugs identified as potential UPR-modifying therapeutic agents-in particular the licensed antidepressant trazodone-and we review epidemiological and trial data from their use in human populations. Finally, we explore future directions for investigating the potential benefit of using trazodone or similar UPR-modulating compounds for disease modification in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Sidhom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Windsor Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
| | - Adrian J. Butcher
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Heather L. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Benjamin R. Underwood
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Windsor Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
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Lanzillotta C, Di Domenico F. Stress Responses in Down Syndrome Neurodegeneration: State of the Art and Therapeutic Molecules. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020266. [PMID: 33670211 PMCID: PMC7916967 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genomic disorder characterized by the increased incidence of developing early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In DS, the triplication of genes on chromosome 21 is intimately associated with the increase of AD pathological hallmarks and with the development of brain redox imbalance and aberrant proteostasis. Increasing evidence has recently shown that oxidative stress (OS), associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and with the failure of antioxidant responses (e.g., SOD1 and Nrf2), is an early signature of DS, promoting protein oxidation and the formation of toxic protein aggregates. In turn, systems involved in the surveillance of protein synthesis/folding/degradation mechanisms, such as the integrated stress response (ISR), the unfolded stress response (UPR), and autophagy, are impaired in DS, thus exacerbating brain damage. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have been applied to the context of DS with the aim of rescuing redox balance and proteostasis by boosting the antioxidant response and/or inducing the mechanisms of protein re-folding and clearance, and at final of reducing cognitive decline. So far, such therapeutic approaches demonstrated their efficacy in reverting several aspects of DS phenotype in murine models, however, additional studies aimed to translate these approaches in clinical practice are still needed.
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