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Dubourg G, Pavlović Z, Bajac B, Kukkar M, Finčur N, Novaković Z, Radović M. Advancement of metal oxide nanomaterials on agri-food fronts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172048. [PMID: 38580125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The application of metal oxide nanomaterials (MOx NMs) in the agrifood industry offers innovative solutions that can facilitate a paradigm shift in a sector that is currently facing challenges in meeting the growing requirements for food production, while safeguarding the environment from the impacts of current agriculture practices. This review comprehensively illustrates recent advancements and applications of MOx for sustainable practices in the food and agricultural industries and environmental preservation. Relevant published data point out that MOx NMs can be tailored for specific properties, enabling advanced design concepts with improved features for various applications in the agrifood industry. Applications include nano-agrochemical formulation, control of food quality through nanosensors, and smart food packaging. Furthermore, recent research suggests MOx's vital role in addressing environmental challenges by removing toxic elements from contaminated soil and water. This mitigates the environmental effects of widespread agrichemical use and creates a more favorable environment for plant growth. The review also discusses potential barriers, particularly regarding MOx toxicity and risk evaluation. Fundamental concerns about possible adverse effects on human health and the environment must be addressed to establish an appropriate regulatory framework for nano metal oxide-based food and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dubourg
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branimir Bajac
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Manil Kukkar
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nina Finčur
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Novaković
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Radović
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Sharma C, Singh D, Srivastava R, Narain Sharma S. Symbiotic Antimicrobial Effects of Cellulose-Based Bio-Nanocomposite for Disease Management of Agricultural Crops. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300714. [PMID: 37650658 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a bionanocomposite for plant crop protection was prepared by non-toxic biocompatible & biodegradable nanomaterials (Cellulose & TiO2 ) to utilize its synergistic effects against antimicrobial pathogens. The commercially available microcrystalline cellulose has been reduced to a nanometric scale regime using acid hydrolysis, while the standard TiO2 nano-powder of particle size ~20 nm has been used to prepare their nanocomposite (NC). The antibacterial studies via agar well diffusion method demonstrated that after 72 h of incubation, parent nanomaterials Ncell and TiO2 were not showing any activity against phytopathogens X. campestris pv. campestris, and Clavibacter while the nanocomposite's NC's were still effective depicting both bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions. However, the bacterial growth of biocontrol P. fluorescence was not affected by Ncell, TiO2 NPs and NC after 72 h of incubation. The antifungal testing results via poison food agar assay method suggest that the nanocomposite, along with Ncell and TiO2 NPs, exhibited strong inhibition of fungal growth of Phytophthora Spp at 0.125 mg/ml concentration while for F. graminearum, similar effect was observed at 0.25 mg/ml concentration. The nanocomposite has proved its potential by exhibiting longer & stronger synergistic effects against plant pathogens as a good antimicrobial agent for protection of agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ritu Srivastava
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Narain Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Ahmed W, Al-Marzouqi AH, Nazir MH, Rizvi TA, Zaneldin E, Khan M, Aziz M. Investigating the Properties and Characterization of a Hybrid 3D Printed Antimicrobial Composite Material Using FFF Process: Innovative and Swift. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108895. [PMID: 37240240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies and materials have gained the attention of researchers due to the current pandemic, the global market high competition, and the resistance of pathogens against conventional materials. There is a dire need to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable materials to fight against bacteria using novel approaches and composites. Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known as fused deposition modeling (FDM), is the most effective and novel fabrication method to develop these composites due to its various advantages. Compared to metallic particles alone, composites of different metallic particles have shown excellent antimicrobial properties against common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of two sets of hybrid composite materials, i.e., Cu-PLA-SS and Cu-PLA-Al, are made using copper-enriched polylactide composite, one-time printed side by-side with stainless steel/PLA composite, and second-time with aluminum/PLA composite respectively. These materials have 90 wt.% of copper, 85 wt.% of SS 17-4, 65 wt.% of Al with a density of 4.7 g/cc, 3.0 g/cc, and 1.54 g/cc, respectively, and were fabricated side by side using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing technique. The prepared materials were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Salmonella Poona (S. Poona), and Enterococci during different time intervals (5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 1 h, 8 h, and 24 h). The results revealed that both samples showed excellent antimicrobial efficiency, and 99% reduction was observed after 10 min. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) printed polymeric composites enriched with metallic particles can be utilized for biomedical, food packaging, and tissue engineering applications. These composite materials can also provide sustainable solutions in public places and hospitals where the chances of touching surfaces are higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ahmed
- Engineering Requirements Unit, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Al-Marzouqi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Hamza Nazir
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Essam Zaneldin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muthanna Aziz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Adel AM, Al-Shemy MT, Diab MA, El-Sakhawy M, Toro RG, Cerri L, Caschera D. Immobilization of TiO 2NP@ oxidized cellulose nanocrystals for paper-based active packaging materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123270. [PMID: 36657542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, we present a renewable alternative coating formulation made of durable titania nanoparticles and oxidized nanocellulose (TiO2NPs@OCNs) nanocomposites and sodium alginate (SA), to create an environmentally friendly and secure food packaging paper. OCNs sugarcane fibers are firstly hydrolyzed using ammonium persulphate (APS). Then, TiO2NPs@OCNs nanocomposites are made in situ with OCNs using a green water-based sol-gel synthesis. Gram (+) microorganisms as well as Gram (-) bacteria are used to test the antibacterial properties of the TiO2NPs@OCN dispersions. The results show that the TiO2NP@OCNs significantly decreases the growth for all bacterial species. The TiO2NP@OCNs nanocomposites are mixed with SA, and the resulting formulations are used to coat paper sheets. The corresponding physicochemical properties are evaluated using FTIR, TGA, AFM, SEM, and EDX. Furthermore, the mechanical strength, air permeability, and water vapor characteristics of the paper sheets treated with SA/TiO2NPs@OCN are carried out, resulting in a great improvement of these properties. Finally, the SA/TiO2NPs@OCNs coated papers have been used as packaging for strawberries. The findings demonstrate that coated papers could preserve strawberry quality better than unpacked fruit and extend strawberry shelf life from 6 to 18 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Adel
- National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona T Al-Shemy
- National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Diab
- National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sakhawy
- National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - Roberta G Toro
- National Council of Research, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Cerri
- National Council of Research, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caschera
- National Council of Research, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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Ahmed W, Al-Marzouqi AH, Nazir MH, Rizvi TA, Zaneldin E, Khan M. Comparative Experimental Investigation of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Polymer-Based Composite Produced by 3D Printing Technology Enriched with Metallic Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911235. [PMID: 36232537 PMCID: PMC9570174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the prevailing existence of the COVID-19 pandemic, novel and practical strategies to combat pathogens are on the rise worldwide. It is estimated that, globally, around 10% of hospital patients will acquire at least one healthcare-associated infection. One of the novel strategies that has been developed is incorporating metallic particles into polymeric materials that neutralize infectious agents. Considering the broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency of some materials, the incorporation of metallic particles into the intended hybrid composite material could inherently add significant value to the final product. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate an antimicrobial polymeric PLA-based composite material enhanced with different microparticles (copper, aluminum, stainless steel, and bronze) for the antimicrobial properties of the hybrid composite. The prepared composite material samples produced with fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology were tested for different time intervals to establish their antimicrobial activities. The results presented here depict that the sample prepared with 90% copper and 10% PLA showed the best antibacterial activity (99.5%) after just 20 min against different types of bacteria as compared to the other samples. The metallic-enriched PLA-based antibacterial sheets were remarkably effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; therefore, they can be a good candidate for future biomedical, food packaging, tissue engineering, prosthetic material, textile industry, and other science and technology applications. Thus, antimicrobial sheets made from PLA mixed with metallic particles offer sustainable solutions for a wide range of applications where touching surfaces is a big concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ahmed
- Engineering Requirements Unit, College of Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali H. Al-Marzouqi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Hamza Nazir
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A. Rizvi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Essam Zaneldin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Toro RG, Adel AM, de Caro T, Brunetti B, Al-Shemy MT, Caschera D. A Facile One-Pot Approach to the Fabrication of Nanocellulose-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites with Promising Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15165789. [PMID: 36013927 PMCID: PMC9415876 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of cellulosic materials and metal oxide semiconductors can provide composites with superior functional properties compared to cellulose. By using nanocellulose derived from agricultural waste, we propose a one-pot and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of nanocellulose-TiO2 (NC-TiO2) nanocomposites with peculiar photocatalytic activity and antibacterial effects. The as-prepared NC-TiO2 composites were fully characterized by different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), μ-Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed that well crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles of about 5-6 nm were obtained. The photocatalytic activity in particular was evaluated by using methyl orange (MO) solution as a target pollutant at different pH values. It was found that all the tested NC-TiO2 nanocomposites showed stable photocatalytic activity, even after consecutive photocatalytic runs. In addition, NCT nanocomposites with higher TiO2 content showed degradation efficiency of almost 99% towards MO after 180 min of UV illumination. Finally, NC-TiO2 nanocomposites also showed intriguing antimicrobial properties, demonstrating to be effective against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) with 20-25 mm of inhibition zone and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa) with 21-24 mm of inhibition zone, and fungi (Candida albicans) with 9-10 mm of inhibition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta G. Toro
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Abeer M. Adel
- National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Tilde de Caro
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council c/o, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mona T. Al-Shemy
- National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, 33El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Daniela Caschera
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy
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Ren Y, Zhao Z, Jiang W, Zhang G, Tan Y, Guan Y, Zhou L, Cui L, Choi SW, Li MX. Preparation of Y2O3/TiO2-Loaded Polyester Fabric and Its Photocatalytic Properties under Visible Light Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142760. [PMID: 35890537 PMCID: PMC9325216 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Y2O3/TiO2-loaded polyester fabric was prepared to improve the catalytic activity of the TiO2 and to increase its reuse efficiency. The samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the degradation performance of methyl orange in the presence of simulated visible light irradiation was also investigated. The results showed that the TiO2 in the Y2O3/TiO2 composite photocatalyst was suitably anatase. In addition, Y2O3/TiO2-loaded polyester fabric had higher photocatalytic performance than that of pure polyester fabric under visible light and the degradation rate reached 83% after 120 min of light exposure but remained above 50% after repeated exposure (three times). Compared to the pure polyester fabric, Y2O3/TiO2-loaded polyester fabric had self-cleaning effects in methyl blue and soy sauce solutions under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.R.); (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (G.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ziyao Zhao
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.R.); (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (G.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.R.); (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (G.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.R.); (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (G.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuxin Tan
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.R.); (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (G.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yongyin Guan
- Xin Feng Ming Group, Huzhou Zhongshi Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.G.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Long Zhou
- Xin Feng Ming Group, Huzhou Zhongshi Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.G.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Li Cui
- Xin Feng Ming Group, Huzhou Zhongshi Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.G.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Sung Woong Choi
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea;
| | - Mei-Xian Li
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Y.R.); (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (G.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Gautam B, Ali SA, Chen JT, Yu HH. Hybrid "Kill and Release" Antibacterial Cellulose Papers Obtained via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7893-7902. [PMID: 35006770 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases triggered by bacteria cause a severe risk to human health. To counter this issue, surfaces coated with antibacterial materials have been widely used in daily life to kill these bacteria. The substrates enabled with a hybrid kill and release strategy can be employed not only to kill the bacteria but also to wash them using external stimuli (temperature, pH, etc.). Utilizing this concept, we develop thermoresponsive antibacterial-cellulose papers to exhibit hybrid kill and release properties. Thermoresponsive copolymers [p(NIPAAm-co-AEMA)] are grafted on cellulose papers using a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization approach for bacterial debris release. Later for antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are immobilized on thermoresponsive copolymer-grafted cellulose papers using electrostatic interactions. We confirm the thermoresponsive copolymer grafting and AgNP coating by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Thermoresponsiveness and reusability of the modified cellulose papers are confirmed through water contact angle measurements. The interaction potency between AgNPs and modified cellulose is validated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli DH5-α) is used to demonstrate antibacterial hybrid kill and release performance. Agar-diffusion testing demonstrates the antibacterial nature of the modified cellulose papers. The fluorescence micrograph reveals that modified cellulose papers can effectively release almost all the dead bacterial debris from their surfaces after thermal stimulus wash. The modified cellulose paper surfaces are expected to have wide applications in the field of exploring more antibacterial and smart surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskarchand Gautam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Syed Atif Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
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