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Yu X, Cao W, Yang X, Yu C, Jiang W, Guo H, He X, Mei C, Ou C. Prognostic value and therapeutic potential of IAP family in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3674-3693. [PMID: 38364254 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks as the eighth most prevalent malignancy globally and has the eighth greatest fatality rate when compared to all other forms of cancer. The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family comprises a collection of apoptosis-negative modulators characterized by at least one single baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domain in its N-terminal region. While the involvement of the IAP family is associated with the initiation and progression of numerous tumours, its specific role in HNSCC remains poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively examine changes in gene expression, immunomodulatory effects, prognosis, and functional enrichment of HNSCC utilising bioinformatics analysis. Elevated levels of distinct IAP family members were observed to varying degrees in HNSCC, with high BIRC2 expression indicating a worse prognosis. Additionally, Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to probe the enrichment of gene expression and biological processes related to the IAP family in HNSCC. The infiltration levels of immune cells were shown to be strongly associated with the IAP gene expression, as determined by subsequent analysis. Hence, BIRC2 could be an effective immunotherapy target for HNSCC. Collectively, novel knowledge of the biological roles and prognostic implications of IAP family members in HNSCC is presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Canping Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Albaradei S, Alganmi N, Albaradie A, Alharbi E, Motwalli O, Thafar MA, Gojobori T, Essack M, Gao X. A deep learning model predicts the presence of diverse cancer types using circulating tumor cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21114. [PMID: 38036622 PMCID: PMC10689793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the primary tumor and intravasate into the bloodstream. Thus, non-invasive liquid biopsies are being used to analyze CTC-expressed genes to identify potential cancer biomarkers. In this regard, several studies have used gene expression changes in blood to predict the presence of CTC and, consequently, cancer. However, the CTC mRNA data has not been used to develop a generic approach that indicates the presence of multiple cancer types. In this study, we developed such a generic approach. Briefly, we designed two computational workflows, one using the raw mRNA data and deep learning (DL) and the other exploiting five hub gene ranking algorithms (Degree, Maximum Neighborhood Component, Betweenness Centrality, Closeness Centrality, and Stress Centrality) with machine learning (ML). Both workflows aim to determine the top genes that best distinguish cancer types based on the CTC mRNA data. We demonstrate that our automated, robust DL framework (DNNraw) more accurately indicates the presence of multiple cancer types using the CTC gene expression data than multiple ML approaches. The DL approach achieved average precision of 0.9652, recall of 0.9640, f1-score of 0.9638 and overall accuracy of 0.9640. Furthermore, since we designed multiple approaches, we also provide a bioinformatics analysis of the gene commonly identified as top-ranked by the different methods. To our knowledge, this is the first study wherein a generic approach has been developed to predict the presence of multiple cancer types using raw CTC mRNA data, as opposed to other models that require a feature selection step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayah Albaradei
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nofe Alganmi
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eaman Alharbi
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Thafar
- College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Cui T, Liu P, Chen X, Liu Z, Wang B, Gao C, Wang Z, Li C, Yang N. Identification and functional characterization of caspases in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108757. [PMID: 37084854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the autonomous and orderly death of cells under genetic control to maintain the stability of the internal environment, and is a programmed cell death process with unique morphological and biochemical properties that is regulated by a variety of factors. Caspase gene family has a significant function in the process of apoptosis. However, the knowledge of caspases in turbot remains largely unknown. In present study, a total of nine turbot caspase genes were identified. The mRNA length of these caspase genes was ranged from 1149 bp (caspase-1) to 3216 bp (caspase-2), and the protein length was ranged from 281 aa (caspase-3a) to 507 aa (caspase-10). Phylogenetic analysis showed these caspase genes were divided into three subfamilies. The qRT-PCR results showed that turbot caspase genes were expressed in all the examined organs, especially the intestine, kidney, blood and gills. Meanwhile, we explored the expression patterns of caspase genes in the intestine, skin and gills after Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonids infections. The results showed that caspase genes showed different expression patterns in mucosal tissues after bacterial infection, demonstrating the critical role of caspase genes in mucosal immune responses. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis showed that caspase proteins interacted with immune molecules such as NLR, IL-1β, and birc. The results of interference and overexpression experiments showed that caspase-1 might play key roles in the regulation of the IL-1β production, but the detailed mechanism needs to be further studied. The results of this study provide valuable information for further study the roles of caspase genes in turbot, which could help us to further understand the inflammatory pathways in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Cui
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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4
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Cao Q, Mushajiang M, Tang CQ, Ai XQ. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and survivin in breast cancer recurrence and prognosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14132. [PMID: 36950571 PMCID: PMC10025039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and survivin in breast cancer, and different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and to assess their relationship with recurrence and prognosis. Methods The expression levels of HIF-1α and survivin genes in breast cancer were investigated using bioinformatics. Their protein expression levels were then verified through immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their relationship with recurrence and prognosis was assessed. Results Expression levels of HIF-1α and survivin genes and proteins were increased in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Both were associated with clinical features of breast cancer and differentially expressed in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and both are related to the signal pathway of breast cancer growth and invasion. HIF-1α and survivin gene and protein expression levels were correlated, and both were associated with breast cancer recurrence (R = 0.380, P < 0.05; R = 0.673, P < 0.05, respectively). According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, HIF1A and BIRC5 gene were not associated with breast cancer prognosis (P ≥ 0.05); however, HIF-1α and survivin protein were associated with recurrence patient's overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). Conclusion HIF-1α and survivin are highly expressed in breast cancer and can be used as potential biomarkers to predict recurrence and assess prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department of Breast Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Munire Mushajiang
- Department of Breast Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng-qiong Tang
- Department of Radiological Physics and Technology, The Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiu-qing Ai
- Department of Breast Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Breast Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University(Affiliated Cancer Hospital), No. 789, Suzhou East Street, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang, China
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Analysis of Changes in the Expression of Selected Genes from the ABC Family in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021257. [PMID: 36674773 PMCID: PMC9860794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of expression of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone), as cancer cells also do not overexpress the HER2 receptor. Due to their molecular profile, treatments for this type of breast cancer are limited. In some cases, the pharmacotherapy of patients with TNBC is hindered by the occurrence of multidrug resistance, which is largely conditioned by proteins encoded by genes from the ABC family. The aim of our study was to determine the expression profile of 14 selected genes from the ABC family using real-time PCR in 68 patients with TNBC by comparing the obtained results with clinical data and additionally using bioinformatics tools (Ualcan and The Breast Cancer Gene Expression Miner v4.8 (bc -GenExMiner v4.8)), as well as by comparing experimental data with data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on the conducted studies, we found different levels of gene expression depending on the age of patients, tumor sizes, metastases to lymph nodes, cell infiltration into adipose tissue, tumor stages, or lymphovascularinvasion. The results of the presented studies demonstrate the effect of the expression level of the studied genes on the clinical course and prognosis of patients with TNBC, and suggest how profiling the expression level of genes from the ABC family may be a useful tool in determining personalized TNBC treatment.
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Adinew GM, Messeha S, Taka E, Soliman KFA. The Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of the Chemoresistance Gene BIRC5 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215180. [PMID: 36358602 PMCID: PMC9659000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance affects TNBC patient treatment responses. Therefore, identifying the chemoresistant gene provides a new approach to understanding chemoresistance in TNBC. BIRC5 was examined in the current study as a tool for predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients and assisting in developing alternative therapies using online database tools. According to the examined studies, BIRC5 was highly expressed in 45 to 90% of TNBC patients. BIRC5 is not only abundantly expressed but also contributes to resistance to chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy, and radiotherapy. Patients with increased expression of BIRC5 had a median survival of 31.2 months compared to 85.8 months in low-expression counterparts (HR, 1.73; CI, 1.4−2.13; p = 2.5 × 10−7). The overall survival, disease-free survival, relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and the complete pathological response of TNBC patients with high expression of BIRC5 who received any chemotherapy (Taxane, Ixabepilone, FAC, CMF, FEC, Anthracycline) and anti-HER2 therapy (Trastuzumab, Lapatinib) did not differ significantly from those patients receiving any other treatment. Data obtained indicate that the BIRC5 promoter region was substantially methylated, and hypermethylation was associated with higher BIRC5 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). The findings of this study outline the role of BIRC5 in chemotherapy-induced resistance of TNBC, further indicating that BIRC5 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker that contributes to chemoresistance and could be a possible therapeutic target. Meanwhile, several in vitro studies show that flavonoids were highly effective in inhibiting BIRC5 in genetically diverse TNBC cells. Therefore, flavonoids would be a promising strategy for preventing and treating TNBC patients with the BIRC5 molecule.
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Martínez-Sifuentes MA, Bassol-Mayagoitia S, Nava-Hernández MP, Ruiz-Flores P, Ramos-Treviño J, Haro-Santa Cruz J, Hernández-Ibarra JA. Survivin in Breast Cancer: A Review. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:411-421. [PMID: 36166738 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer-related death in women. Gene technology has led to the recognition that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of different biological subtypes, and genetic profiling enables the response to chemotherapy to be predicted. This fact emphasizes the importance of selecting sensitive diagnostic and prognostic markers in the early disease stage and more efficient targeted treatments for this disease. One such prognostic marker appears to be survivin. Many studies have shown that survivin is strongly expressed in different types of cancers. Its overexpression has been demonstrated in breast cancer, and high activity of the survivin gene has been associated with a poor prognosis and worse survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Antonio Martínez-Sifuentes
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol-Mayagoitia
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Martha P Nava-Hernández
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Flores
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Juan Ramos-Treviño
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Jorge Haro-Santa Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - José Anselmo Hernández-Ibarra
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
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Fäldt Beding A, Larsson P, Helou K, Einbeigi Z, Parris TZ. Pan-cancer analysis identifies BIRC5 as a prognostic biomarker. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:322. [PMID: 35331169 PMCID: PMC8953143 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The BIRC5 gene encodes for the Survivin protein, which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. Survivin is found in humans during fetal development, but generally not in adult cells thereafter. Previous studies have shown that Survivin is abundant in most cancer cells, thereby making it a promising target for anti-cancer drugs and a potential prognostic tool. Methods To assess genetic alterations and mutations in the BIRC5 gene as well as BIRC5 co-expression with other genes, genomic and transcriptomic data were downloaded via cBioPortal for approximately 9000 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) representing 33 different cancer types and 11 pan-cancer organ systems, and validated using the ICGC Data Portal and COSMIC. TCGA BIRC5 RNA sequencing data from 33 different cancer types and matching normal tissue samples for 16 cancer types were downloaded from Broad GDAC Firehose and validated using breast cancer microarray data from our previous work and data sets from the GENT2 web-based tool. Survival data were analyzed with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and validated using KM plotter for breast-, ovarian-, lung- and gastric cancer. Results Although genetic alterations in BIRC5 were not common in cancer, BIRC5 expression was significantly higher in cancer tissue compared to normal tissue in the 16 different cancer types. For 14/33 cancer types, higher BIRC5 expression was linked to worse overall survival (OS, 4/14 after adjusting for both age and tumor grade and 10/14 after adjusting only for age). Interestingly, higher BIRC5 expression was associated with better OS in lung squamous cell carcinoma and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Higher BIRC5 expression was also linked to shorter progressive-free interval (PFI) for 14/33 cancer types (4/14 after adjusting for both age and tumor grade and 10/14 after adjusting only for age). External validation showed that high BIRC5 expression was significantly associated with worse OS for breast-, lung-, and gastric cancer. Conclusions Our findings suggest that BIRC5 overexpression is associated with the initiation and progression of several cancer types, and thereby a promising prognostic biomarker. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09371-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fäldt Beding
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Southern Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden.
| | - Peter Larsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Southern Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jiang X, Shi Y, Chen X, Xu H, Huang X, Li L, Pu J. The N6-Methylandenosine-Related Gene BIRC5 as a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated With Cell Migration and Immune Cell Infiltrates in Low Grade Glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:773662. [PMID: 35309512 PMCID: PMC8927544 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.773662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for 75% of all primary malignant brain tumors in adults and are associated with high mortality. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) plays a critical role in cell apoptosis and the progression of diverse cancers. However, no studies have yet focused on the immunological function and mechanisms of upstream BIRC5 regulation in the progression of low-grade gliomas (LGG). Here, we evaluated BIRC5 expression and clinical characteristics in people with LGG using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, Rembrandt, and Gravendeel databases. We used Kaplan–Meier statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to analyze the prognostic value of BIRC5 in LGG. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment terms were also explored to identify functional roles of BIRC5. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Tumor Immune System Interaction (TISIDB) databases were used to examine the correlation between BIRC5 expression and immune cell infiltration in LGG. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) databases were used to examine the potential drugs targeting BIRC5. We used transwell and wound healing assays to determine the biological functions of BIRC5 in glioma cell migration. Our results demonstrated that BIRC5 was highly expressed in LGG and the expression level correlated with tumor grade, prognosis, histological subtype, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, 1p/19q chromosomal co-deletion, chemotherapy status, and O[6]-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. GO and KEGG analysis showed that BIRC5 is primarily involved in cell proliferation and immune response-related signaling pathways. We also found that BIRC5 was significantly correlated with m6A modification and diverse drug sensitivity. TIMER and TISIDB database analysis showed that BIRC5 expression is associated with infiltration of diverse immune cells and immune modulation in LGG. BIRC5 knockdown inhibited LGG cell migration. Collectively, our results demonstrate that BIRC5 is correlated with cell migration and immune infiltration in LGG and may be a useful prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Li, ; Jun Pu,
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Li, ; Jun Pu,
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