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De Vecchis D, Schäfer LV. Coupling the role of lipids to the conformational dynamics of the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein. Biophys J 2024; 123:2522-2536. [PMID: 38909280 PMCID: PMC11365111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multidrug efflux pump that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and associated with the drug-resistance phenomenon. P-gp structures were previously determined in detergent and in nanodiscs, in which different transmembrane helix conformations were found, "straight" and "kinked," respectively, indicating a possible role of the lipid environment on the P-gp structural ensemble. Here, we investigate the dynamic conformational ensembles and protein-lipid interactions of two human P-gp inward-open conformers, straight and kinked, employing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in asymmetric multicomponent lipid bilayers that mimic the highly specialized hepatocyte membrane in which P-gp is expressed. The two conformers are found to differ in terms of the accessibility of the substrate cavity. The MD simulations show how cholesterol and different lipid species wedge, snorkel, and partially enter into the cavity of the straight P-gp conformer solved in detergent. However, access to the cavity of the kinked P-gp conformer solved in nanodiscs is restricted. Furthermore, the volume and dynamic fluctuations of the substrate cavity largely differ between the two P-gp conformers and are modulated by the presence (or absence) of cholesterol in the membrane and/or of ATP. From the mechanistic perspective, the findings indicate that the straight conformer likely precedes the kinked conformer in the functional working cycle of P-gp, with the latter conformation representing a post substrate-bound state. The inaccessibility of the main transmembrane cavity in the kinked conformer might be crucial in preventing substrate disengagement and transport withdrawal. Remarkably, in our unbiased MD simulations, one transmembrane helix (TM10) of the straight conformer underwent a spontaneous transition to a kinked conformation, underlining the relevance of both conformations in a native phospholipid environment and revealing structural descriptors defining the transition between the two P-gp conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario De Vecchis
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Lars V Schäfer
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Mao JH, Wang Y, Chen WM, Wang XM, Liu J, Shao YH, Tu ZC. Galacto-oligosaccharides modified whey protein isolate ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134642. [PMID: 39128745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The effect of whey protein isolate (WPI)- galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) conjugates on RAW264.7 cells, and further the effect of WPI-GOS conjugates on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated. Compared to WPI-FOS conjugates, WPI-GOS conjugates exhibited deeper glycation extent, more pronounced structural unfolding and helix-destabilizing, and obviously improved functional indicators of RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, WPI-GOS conjugates also repaired immune organ and intestinal barrier and increased IL-1β and IFN-γ levels in immunosuppressed mice. The alteration of gut microbiota induced by WPI-GOS conjugates changed the serum metabolites, causing the activation of NFκB pathway, which strengthens the immune system. The activation of NFκB pathway maybe associated with the mTOR signal pathway and ABC transporters. However, the precise mechanisms by which NFκB pathway interacts with mTOR signal pathway and ABC transporters to modulate the immune response need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hua Mao
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wen-Mei Chen
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xu-Mei Wang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yan-Hong Shao
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Hosamani S, Chakraborty S. Cholesterol Allosterically Modulates the Structure and Dynamics of the Taurocholate Export Pump (ABCB11). J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7901-7908. [PMID: 39058973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The BSEP/ABCB11 transmembrane protein translocates taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile salts across the hepatocyte bilayer driven by ATP-hydrolysis. Direct inhibition of BSEP/ABCB11 leads to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. ABCB11 is localized within the cholesterol-enriched lipid raft, and membrane cholesterol depletion leads to impaired taurocholate transport. However, structural insight into the mechanism of the cholesterol-mediated regulation of ABCB11 activity remains elusive. We used extensive molecular dynamics simulation coupled with well-tempered metadynamics to elucidate the role of membrane cholesterol in the structure and dynamics of ABCB11. We identified specific high-residence binding sites for cholesterol within the transmembrane domain. The free-energy simulations have elucidated that the bound cholesterol stabilizes the "inward-open" conformation of the protein. Cholesterol-ABCB11 interactions trigger allosteric communications between the transmembrane and nucleotide-binding domains through the linker region. Cholesterol depletion destabilizes the allosteric network of the protein. As a result, it adopts a more collapsed form with a reduced volume of the taurocholate-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundharya Hosamani
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Zhao Z, Du JF, Wang QL, Qiu FN, Li P, Jiang Y, Li HJ. Natural Product Baohuoside I Impairs the Stability and Membrane Location of MRP2 Reciprocally Regulated by SUMOylation and Ubiquitination in Hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:57-71. [PMID: 38177062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Epimedii Folium (EF) is a botanical dietary supplement to benefit immunity. Baohuoside I (BI), a prenylated flavonoid derived from EF, has exhibited the cholestatic risk before. Here, the mechanism of BI on the stability and membrane localization of liver MRP2, a bile acid exporter in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, was investigated. The fluorescent substrate of MRP2, CMFDA was accumulated in sandwich-cultured primary mouse hepatocytes (SCH) under BI stimulation, followed by reduced membrane MRP2 expression. BI triggered MRP2 endocytosis associated with oxidative stress via inhibition of the NRF2 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, BI promoted the degradation of MRP2 by reducing its SUMOylation and enhancing its ubiquitination level. Co-IP and fluorescence colocalization experiments all proved that MRP2 was a substrate protein for SUMOylation for SUMO proteins. CHX assays showed that SUMO1 prolonged the half-life of MRP2 and further increased its membrane expression, which could be reversed by UBC9 knockdown. Correspondingly, MRP2 accumulated in the cytoplasm by GP78 knockdown or under MG132 treatment. Additionally, the SUMOylation sites of MRP2 were predicted by the algorithm, and a conversion of lysines to arginines at positions 940 and 953 of human MRP2 caused its decreased stability and membrane location. K940 was further identified as the essential ubiquitination site for MRP2 by an in vitro ubiquitination assay. Moreover, the decreased ubiquitination of MRP2 enhanced the SUMOylation MRP2 and vice versa, and the crosstalk of these two modifiers could be disrupted by BI. Collectively, our findings indicated the process of MRP2 turnover from the membrane to cytoplasm at the post-translational level and further elucidated the novel toxicological mechanism of BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Fa Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiao-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang-Ning Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhan T, Wu Y, Deng X, Li Q, Chen Y, Lv J, Wang J, Li S, Wu Z, Liu D, Tang Z. Multi-omics approaches reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between Clonorchis sinensis and mouse liver. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1286977. [PMID: 38076459 PMCID: PMC10710275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1286977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clonorchiasis remains a serious global public health problem, causing various hepatobiliary diseases. However, there is still a lack of overall understanding regarding the molecular events triggered by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) in the liver. Methods BALB/c mouse models infected with C. sinensis for 5, 10, 15, and 20 weeks were constructed. Liver pathology staining and observation were conducted to evaluate histopathology. The levels of biochemical enzymes, blood routine indices, and cytokines in the blood were determined. Furthermore, alterations in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of mouse livers infected for 5 weeks were analyzed using multi-omics techniques. Results The results of this study indicated that adult C. sinensis can cause hepatosplenomegaly and liver damage, with the most severe symptoms observed at 5 weeks post-infection. However, as the infection persisted, the Th2 immune response increased and symptoms were relieved. Multi-omics analysis of liver infected for 5 weeks identified 191, 402 and 232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), proteins (DEPs) and metabolites (DEMs), respectively. Both DEGs and DEPs were significantly enriched in liver fibrosis-related pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and cell adhesion molecules. Key molecules associated with liver fibrosis and inflammation (Cd34, Epcam, S100a6, Fhl2, Itgax, and Retnlg) were up-regulated at both the gene and protein levels. The top three metabolic pathways, namely purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and ABC transporters, were associated with liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and cholestasis, respectively. Furthermore, metabolites that can promote liver inflammation and fibrosis, such as LysoPC(P-16:0/0:0), 20-COOH-leukotriene E4, and 14,15-DiHETrE, were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion Our study revealed that the most severe symptoms in mice infected with C. sinensis occurred at 5 weeks post-infection. Moreover, multi-omics analysis uncovered predominant molecular events related to fibrosis changes in the liver. This study not only enhances our understanding of clonorchiasis progression but also provides valuable insights into the molecular-level interaction mechanism between C. sinensis and its host liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueling Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control Department, Hengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hengzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Solan ME, Schackmuth B, Bruce ED, Pradhan S, Sayes CM, Lavado R. Effects of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on toxicologically relevant gene expression profiles in a liver-on-a-chip model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122610. [PMID: 37742859 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly stable and widely used environmental contaminants that pose potential health risks to humans. Aggregating reliable mechanistic information for safety assessments necessitates physiologically relevant high-throughput screening approaches. Here, we demonstrated the utility of a liver-on-a-chip model to investigate the effects of five short-chain PFAS at low (1 nM) and high (1 μM) concentrations on toxicologically-relevant gene expression profiles using the QuantiGene® Plex Assay. We found that the short-chain PFAS tested in this study modulated the expression of ABCG2, a gene encoding for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), with marked and significant upregulation (up to 4-fold) observed for all but one of the short-chain PFAS tested. PFBS and HFPO-DA repressed SLCO1B3 expression, a gene that encodes for an essential liver-specific organic anion transporter. High concentrations of PFBS, PFHxA, and PFHxS upregulated the expression of genes encCYP1A1,CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 with the same treatments resulting in the repression of the expression of the gene encoding CYP1A2. This dysregulation could have consequences for the clearance of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. However, we acknowledge that increased expression of genes encoding for transporters and biotransformation enzymes may or may not indicate changes to their protein expression or activity. Overall, our study provides important insights into the effects of short-chain PFAS on liver function and their potential implications for human health. The use of the liver-on-a-chip model in combination with the QuantiGene® Plex Assay may be a valuable tool for future high-throughput screening and gene expression profiling in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Solan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Bennett Schackmuth
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Erica D Bruce
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sahar Pradhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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Aragão C, Teodósio R, Colen R, Richard N, Rønnestad I, Dias J, Conceição LEC, Ribeiro L. Taurine Supplementation to Plant-Based Diets Improves Lipid Metabolism in Senegalese Sole. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091501. [PMID: 37174538 PMCID: PMC10177204 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid with important physiological roles and a key compound for the synthesis of bile salts, which are essential for the emulsion and absorption of dietary lipids. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation to low-fishmeal diets on the metabolism of taurine, bile acids, and lipids of Senegalese sole. A fishmeal (FM) and a plant-protein-based (PP0) diet were formulated, and the latter was supplemented with taurine at 0.5 and 1.5% (diets PP0.5 and PP1.5). Diets were assigned to triplicate tanks containing 35 fish (initial weight ~14 g) for 6 weeks. Fish from the PP0 treatment presented lower taurine and bile-acid concentrations compared with the FM treatment, and a downregulation of cyp7a1 and abcb11 was observed. Triolein catabolism decreased in PP0-fed fish, resulting in increased hepatic fat content and plasma triglycerides, while no effects on plasma cholesterol were observed. Taurine supplementation to plant-based diets resulted in a higher taurine accumulation in fish tissues, increased bile-acid concentration, and upregulation of cyp7a1 and abcb11. Hepatic fat content and plasma triglycerides decreased with increasing dietary taurine supplementation. Taurine supplementation mitigated part of the negative effects of plant-based diets, leading to better lipid utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Aragão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Teodósio
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Colen
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Richard
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 59700 Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Laura Ribeiro
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere/EPPO-Aquaculture Research Station, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
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Ding P, Gao Y, Wang J, Xiang H, Zhang C, Wang L, Ji G, Wu T. Progress and challenges of multidrug resistance proteins in diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4483-4501. [PMID: 36381332 PMCID: PMC9641395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the first choice for patients with advanced cancers when other treatments are ineffective. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an unavoidable factor that negatively affects the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy drugs. Researchers are trying to reduce MDR, improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, and alleviate patient suffering to positively contribute to disease treatment. MDR also occurs in inflammation and genetic disorders, which increases the difficulty of clinically beneficial treatments. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) is an active transporter that plays an important role in the barrier and secretory functions of many normal cells. As the C subfamily in the ABC family, multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs/ABCCs) export a variety of antitumour drugs and are expressed in a variety of cancers. The present review summarises the role of MRPs in cancer and other diseases and recent research progress of MRP inhibitors to better examine the mechanism and function of MRPs, and establish a good relationship with clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
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Wuerger LT, Hammer HS, Hofmann U, Kudiabor F, Sieg H, Braeuning A. Okadaic acid influences xenobiotic metabolism in HepaRG cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1053-1065. [PMID: 36172076 PMCID: PMC9489895 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is an algae-produced lipophilic marine biotoxin that accumulates in the fatty tissue of filter-feeding shellfish. Ingestion of contaminated shellfish leads to the diarrheic shellfish poisoning syndrome. Furthermore, several other effects of OA like genotoxicity, liver toxicity and tumor-promoting properties have been observed, probably linked to the phosphatase-inhibiting properties of the toxin. It has been shown that at high doses OA can disrupt the physical barrier of the intestinal epithelium. As the intestine and the liver do not only constitute a physical, but also a metabolic barrier against xenobiotic exposure, we here investigated the impact of OA on the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporter proteins in human HepaRG cells liver cells in vitro at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The interplay of OA with known CYP inducers was also studied. Data show that the expression of various xenobiotic-metabolizing CYPs was downregulated after exposure to OA. Moreover, OA was able to counteract the activation of CYPs by their inducers. A number of transporters were also mainly downregulated. Overall, we demonstrate that OA has a significant effect on xenobiotic metabolism barrier in liver cells, highlighting the possibility for interactions of OA exposure with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T.D. Wuerger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen S. Hammer
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felicia Kudiabor
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Holger Sieg, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Molecular Basis of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15/19 Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116046. [PMID: 35682726 PMCID: PMC9181207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a group of amphiphilic molecules consisting of a rigid steroid core attached to a hydroxyl group with a varying number, position, and orientation, and a hydrophilic side chain. While BAs act as detergents to solubilize lipophilic nutrients in the small intestine during digestion and absorption, they also act as hormones. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that forms a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), is activated by BAs in the enterohepatic circulation reabsorbed via transporters in the ileum and the colon, and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression involved in cholesterol, BA, and lipid metabolism in the liver. The FXR/RXRα heterodimer also exists in the distal ileum and regulates production of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/FGF19, a hormone traveling via the enterohepatic circulation that activates hepatic FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4)-β-klotho receptor complex and regulates gene expression involved in cholesterol, BA, and lipid metabolism, as well as those regulating cell proliferation. Agonists for FXR and analogs for FGF15/19 are currently recognized as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and cholestatic diseases.
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Genetic Variants Associated with Neuropeptide Y Autoantibody Levels in Newly Diagnosed Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050869. [PMID: 35627254 PMCID: PMC9142038 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Autoantibodies to the leucine variant of neuropeptide Y (NPY-LA) have been found in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the association between the levels of NPY-LA and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to better understand the genetic regulatory mechanisms of autoimmunity in T1D and the functional impacts of increased NPY-LA levels. (2) NPY-LA measurements from serum and SNP genotyping were done on 560 newly diagnosed individuals with T1D. SNP imputation with the 1000 Genomes reference panel was followed by an association analysis between the SNPs and measured NPY-LA levels. Additionally, functional enrichment and pathway analyses were done. (3) Three loci (DGKH, DCAF5, and LINC02261) were associated with NPY-LA levels (p-value < 1.5 × 10−6), which indicates an association with neurologic and vascular disorders. SNPs associated with variations in expression levels were found in six genes (including DCAF5). The pathway analysis showed that NPY-LA was associated with changes in gene transcription, protein modification, immunological functions, and the MAPK pathway. (4) Conclusively, we found NPY-LA to be significantly associated with three loci (DGKH, DCAF5, and LINC02261), and based on our findings we hypothesize that the presence of NPY-LA is associated with the regulation of the immune system and possibly neurologic and vascular disorders.
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ABC Transporters in Human Diseases: Future Directions and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084250. [PMID: 35457067 PMCID: PMC9028344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Brouwer KLR, Evers R, Hayden E, Hu S, Li CY, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Neuhoff S, Oswald S, Piquette-Miller M, Saran C, Sjöstedt N, Sprowl JA, Stahl SH, Yue W. Regulation of Drug Transport Proteins-From Mechanisms to Clinical Impact: A White Paper on Behalf of the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:461-484. [PMID: 35390174 PMCID: PMC9398928 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins are involved in the absorption, disposition, efficacy, and/or toxicity of many drugs. Numerous mechanisms (e.g., nuclear receptors, epigenetic gene regulation, microRNAs, alternative splicing, post‐translational modifications, and trafficking) regulate transport protein levels, localization, and function. Various factors associated with disease, medications, and dietary constituents, for example, may alter the regulation and activity of transport proteins in the intestine, liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, placenta, and other important sites, such as tumor tissue. This white paper reviews key mechanisms and regulatory factors that alter the function of clinically relevant transport proteins involved in drug disposition. Current considerations with in vitro and in vivo models that are used to investigate transporter regulation are discussed, including strengths, limitations, and the inherent challenges in predicting the impact of changes due to regulation of one transporter on compensatory pathways and overall drug disposition. In addition, translation and scaling of in vitro observations to in vivo outcomes are considered. The importance of incorporating altered transporter regulation in modeling and simulation approaches to predict the clinical impact on drug disposition is also discussed. Regulation of transporters is highly complex and, therefore, identification of knowledge gaps will aid in directing future research to expand our understanding of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms of transporter regulation. This information is critical to the development of tools and approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes by predicting more accurately the impact of regulation‐mediated changes in transporter function on drug disposition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hayden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Simone H Stahl
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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MRCK-Alpha and Its Effector Myosin II Regulatory Light Chain Bind ABCB4 and Regulate Its Membrane Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040617. [PMID: 35203270 PMCID: PMC8870398 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCB4, is an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter localized at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, where it mediates phosphatidylcholine secretion into bile. Gene variations of ABCB4 cause different types of liver diseases, including progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3). The molecular mechanisms underlying the trafficking of ABCB4 to and from the canalicular membrane are still unknown. We identified the serine/threonine kinase Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase isoform α (MRCKα) as a novel partner of ABCB4. The role of MRCKα was explored, either by expression of dominant negative mutant or by gene silencing using the specific RNAi and CRISPR-cas9 strategy in cell models. The expression of a dominant-negative mutant of MRCKα and MRCKα inhibition by chelerythrine both caused a significant increase in ABCB4 steady-state expression in primary human hepatocytes and HEK-293 cells. RNA interference and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of MRCKα also caused a significant increase in the amount of ABCB4 protein expression. We demonstrated that the effect of MRCKα was mediated by its downstream effector, the myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC), which was shown to also bind ABCB4. Our findings provide evidence that MRCKα and MRLC bind to ABCB4 and regulate its cell surface expression.
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Yamazaki S, Evers R, De Zwart L. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to evaluate in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation for intestinal P-glycoprotein inhibition. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 11:55-67. [PMID: 34668334 PMCID: PMC8752109 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As one of the key components in model‐informed drug discovery and development, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling linked with in vitro‐to‐in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is widely applied to quantitatively predict drug–drug interactions (DDIs) on drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This study aimed to investigate an IVIVE for intestinal P‐glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1)‐mediated DDIs among three Pgp substrates, digoxin, dabigatran etexilate, and quinidine, and two Pgp inhibitors, itraconazole and verapamil, via PBPK modeling. For Pgp substrates, assuming unbound Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) to be intrinsic, in vitro‐to‐in vivo scaling factors for maximal Pgp‐mediated efflux rate (Jmax) were optimized based on the clinically observed results without co‐administration of Pgp inhibitors. For Pgp inhibitors, PBPK models utilized the reported in vitro values of Pgp inhibition constants (Ki), 1.0 μM for itraconazole and 2.0 μM for verapamil. Overall, the PBPK modeling sufficiently described Pgp‐mediated DDIs between these substrates and inhibitors with the prediction errors of less than or equal to ±25% in most cases, suggesting a reasonable IVIVE for Pgp kinetics in the clinical DDI results. The modeling results also suggest that Pgp kinetic parameters of both the substrates (Km and Jmax) and the inhibitors (Ki) are sensitive to Pgp‐mediated DDIs, thus being key for successful DDI prediction. It would also be critical to incorporate appropriate unbound inhibitor concentrations at the site of action into PBPK models. The present results support a quantitative prediction of Pgp‐mediated DDIs using in vitro parameters, which will significantly increase the value of in vitro studies to design and run clinical DDI studies safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamazaki
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Loeckie De Zwart
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
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Spohner AK, Jakobi K, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Lütjohann D, El-Hindi K, Grösch S, Pfeilschifter J, Saba JD, Meyer zu Heringdorf D. Mouse Liver Compensates Loss of Sgpl1 by Secretion of Sphingolipids into Blood and Bile. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10617. [PMID: 34638955 PMCID: PMC8508615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) lyase (Sgpl1) catalyses the irreversible cleavage of S1P and thereby the last step of sphingolipid degradation. Loss of Sgpl1 in humans and mice leads to accumulation of sphingolipids and multiple organ injuries. Here, we addressed the role of hepatocyte Sgpl1 for regulation of sphingolipid homoeostasis by generating mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Sgpl1 (Sgpl1HepKO mice). Sgpl1HepKO mice had normal body weight, liver weight, liver structure and liver enzymes both at the age of 8 weeks and 8 months. S1P, sphingosine and ceramides, but not glucosylceramides or sphingomyelin, were elevated by ~1.5-2-fold in liver, and this phenotype did not progress with age. Several ceramides were elevated in plasma, while plasma S1P was normal. Interestingly, S1P and glucosylceramides, but not ceramides, were elevated in bile of Sgpl1HepKO mice. Furthermore, liver cholesterol was elevated, while LDL cholesterol decreased in 8-month-old mice. In agreement, the LDL receptor was upregulated, suggesting enhanced uptake of LDL cholesterol. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, liver X receptor and fatty acid synthase was unaltered. These data show that mouse hepatocytes largely compensate the loss of Sgpl1 by secretion of accumulating sphingolipids in a specific manner into blood and bile, so that they can be excreted or degraded elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Spohner
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Katja Jakobi
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Khadija El-Hindi
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theo-dor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.T.); (D.T.); (K.E.-H.); (S.G.)
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Dagmar Meyer zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.S.); (K.J.); (J.P.)
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RAB10 Interacts with ABCB4 and Regulates Its Intracellular Traffic. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137087. [PMID: 34209301 PMCID: PMC8268348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCB4 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4) is an ABC transporter expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes where it ensures phosphatidylcholine secretion into bile. Genetic variations of ABCB4 are associated with several rare cholestatic diseases. The available treatments are not efficient for a significant proportion of patients with ABCB4-related diseases and liver transplantation is often required. The development of novel therapies requires a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating ABCB4 expression, intracellular traffic, and function. Using an immunoprecipitation approach combined with mass spectrometry analyses, we have identified the small GTPase RAB10 as a novel molecular partner of ABCB4. Our results indicate that the overexpression of wild type RAB10 or its dominant-active mutant significantly increases the amount of ABCB4 at the plasma membrane expression and its phosphatidylcholine floppase function. Contrariwise, RAB10 silencing induces the intracellular retention of ABCB4 and then indirectly diminishes its secretory function. Taken together, our findings suggest that RAB10 regulates the plasma membrane targeting of ABCB4 and consequently its capacity to mediate phosphatidylcholine secretion.
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