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Pradhan M, Pethe P. The Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Hypertrophic Scars Post-Burn Injury. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2023; 96:549-563. [PMID: 38161582 PMCID: PMC10751863 DOI: 10.59249/rhuf5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Scar formation is a normal response to skin injuries. During the scar-remodeling phase, scar tissue is usually replaced with normal, functional tissue. However, after deep burn injuries, the scar tissue may persist and lead to contractures around joints, a condition known as hypertrophic scar tissue. Unfortunately, current treatment options for hypertrophic scars, such as surgery and pressure garments, often fail to prevent their reappearance. One of the primary challenges in treating hypertrophic scars is a lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation. In this review, we critically analyze studies that have attempted to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind hypertrophic scar formation after severe burn injuries, as well as clinical trials conducted to treat post-burn hypertrophic scars. We found that most clinical trials used pressure garments, laser treatments, steroids, and proliferative inhibitors for hypertrophic scars, with outcomes measured using subjective scar scales. However, fundamental research using human burn injury biopsies has shown that pathways such as Transforming Growth factor β (TGFβ), Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) could be potentially regulated to reduce scarring. Therefore, we conclude that more testing is necessary to determine the efficacy of these molecular targets in reducing hypertrophic scarring. Specifically, double-blinded clinical trials are needed, where the outcomes can be measured with more robust quantitative molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Pradhan
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International
(Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International
(Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India
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Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2021. Peptides 2023; 164:171004. [PMID: 36990387 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the forty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2021 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonizts and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Friston DA, Cuddihy J, Souza Luiz J, Truong AH, Ho L, Basra M, Santha P, Oszlacs O, de Sousa Valente J, Marczylo T, Junttila S, Laycock H, Collins D, Vizcaychipi M, Gyenesei A, Takats Z, Jancso G, Want E, Nagy I. Elevated 18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine contributes to the development of pain in tissue injury. Pain 2023; 164:e103-e115. [PMID: 36638307 PMCID: PMC9833116 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tissue injuries, including burns, are major causes of death and morbidity worldwide. These injuries result in the release of intracellular molecules and subsequent inflammatory reactions, changing the tissues' chemical milieu and leading to the development of persistent pain through activating pain-sensing primary sensory neurons. However, the majority of pain-inducing agents in injured tissues are unknown. Here, we report that, amongst other important metabolite changes, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) including 18:0 LPC exhibit significant and consistent local burn injury-induced changes in concentration. 18:0 LPC induces immediate pain and the development of hypersensitivities to mechanical and heat stimuli through molecules including the transient receptor potential ion channel, vanilloid subfamily, member 1, and member 2 at least partly via increasing lateral pressure in the membrane. As levels of LPCs including 18:0 LPC increase in other tissue injuries, our data reveal a novel role for these lipids in injury-associated pain. These findings have high potential to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Anthony Friston
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Cuddihy
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Souza Luiz
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - An Hoai Truong
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laptin Ho
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meirvaan Basra
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Santha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Oszlacs
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joao de Sousa Valente
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Research, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Marczylo
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helen Laycock
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Collins
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Vizcaychipi
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Jancso
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Want
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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CRISPR/Cas9-Based Mutagenesis of Histone H3.1 in Spinal Dynorphinergic Neurons Attenuates Thermal Sensitivity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063178. [PMID: 35328599 PMCID: PMC8955318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a trauma resulting in tissue degradation and severe pain, which is processed first by neuronal circuits in the spinal dorsal horn. We have recently shown that in mice, excitatory dynorphinergic (Pdyn) neurons play a pivotal role in the response to burn-injury-associated tissue damage via histone H3.1 phosphorylation-dependent signaling. As Pdyn neurons were mostly associated with mechanical allodynia, their involvement in thermonociception had to be further elucidated. Using a custom-made AAV9_mutH3.1 virus combined with the CRISPR/cas9 system, here we provide evidence that blocking histone H3.1 phosphorylation at position serine 10 (S10) in spinal Pdyn neurons significantly increases the thermal nociceptive threshold in mice. In contrast, neither mechanosensation nor acute chemonociception was affected by the transgenic manipulation of histone H3.1. These results suggest that blocking rapid epigenetic tagging of S10H3 in spinal Pdyn neurons alters acute thermosensation and thus explains the involvement of Pdyn cells in the immediate response to burn-injury-associated tissue damage.
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Torres-Perez JV, Irfan J, Febrianto MR, Di Giovanni S, Nagy I. Histone post-translational modifications as potential therapeutic targets for pain management. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:897-911. [PMID: 34565578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective pharmacological management of pain associated with tissue pathology is an unmet medical need. Transcriptional modifications in nociceptive pathways are pivotal for the development and the maintenance of pain associated with tissue damage. Accumulating evidence has shown the importance of the epigenetic control of transcription in nociceptive pathways via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Hence, histone PTMs could be targets for novel effective analgesics. Here, we discuss the current understanding of histone PTMs in the modulation of gene expression affecting nociception and pain phenotypes following tissue injury. We also provide a critical view of the translational implications of preclinical models and discuss opportunities and challenges of targeting histone PTMs to relieve pain in clinically relevant tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Torres-Perez
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jahanzaib Irfan
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9FJ, UK
| | - Muhammad Rizki Febrianto
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9FJ, UK
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, E505, Burlington Danes, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9FJ, UK.
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