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de Souza IIA, da Silva Barenco T, Pavarino MEMF, Couto MT, de Resende GO, de Oliveira DF, Ponte CG, Nascimento JHM, Maciel L. A potent and selective activator of large-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels induces preservation of mitochondrial function after hypoxia and reoxygenation by handling of calcium and transmembrane potential. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14151. [PMID: 38676357 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Ischaemic heart disease remains a significant cause of mortality globally. A pharmacological agent that protects cardiac mitochondria against oxygen deprivation injuries is welcome in therapy against acute myocardial infarction. Here, we evaluate the effect of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) activator, Compound Z, in isolated mitochondria under hypoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS Mitochondria from mice hearts were obtained by differential centrifugation. The isolated mitochondria were incubated with a BKCa channel activator, Compound Z, and subjected to normoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measurement of O2 consumption in the complexes I, II, and IV in the respiratory states 1, 2, 3, and by maximal uncoupled O2 uptake, ATP production, ROS production, transmembrane potential, and calcium retention capacity. RESULTS Incubation of isolated mitochondria with Compound Z under normoxia conditions reduced the mitochondrial functions and induced the production of a significant amount of ROS. However, under hypoxia/reoxygenation, the Compound Z prevented a profound reduction in mitochondrial functions, including reducing ROS production over the hypoxia/reoxygenation group. Furthermore, hypoxia/reoxygenation induced a large mitochondria depolarization, which Compound Z incubation prevented, but, even so, Compound Z created a small depolarization. The mitochondrial calcium uptake was prevented by the BKCa activator, extruding the mitochondrial calcium present before Compound Z incubation. CONCLUSION The Compound Z acts as a mitochondrial BKCa channel activator and can protect mitochondria function against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, by handling mitochondrial calcium and transmembrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Thais da Silva Barenco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Tadeu Couto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - José Hamilton Matheus Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brasil
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Abraham AS, Elliott CW, Abraham MS, Ahuja S. Intra-operative anesthetic induced myocardial protection during cardiothoracic surgery: a literature review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:7042-7049. [PMID: 38249920 PMCID: PMC10797362 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Myocardial protection involves limiting the metabolic activity and oxygen consumption of the heart, thus enabling surgery to proceed with minimal blood loss while reducing the level of ischemic injury. It was this concept that allowed for the development of the open-heart surgical technique. We know myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury are both detrimental, thus developing strategies to mitigate this can help reduce peri-operative morbidity and mortality. In this review, we will mainly be addressing the anesthetic considerations for myocardial protection, along with discussing potential future research which can help expand the field. Methods We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies dating from 2004-2022. In total, 18 studies were deemed suitable for this literature review. Key Content and Findings Studies have demonstrated cardioprotective effects with use of the volatile agents and propofol, mainly with respect to lower levels of inflammatory markers such as creatine kinase (CK)-MB and troponin I (TnI)/troponin T (TnT). The data is lacking regarding protective effects of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine, hence we cannot recommend either agent at present. Conclusions Myocardial protection with respect to the anesthetic agents have been extensively studied over the past two decades, some routinely used drugs such as the volatile agents, propofol and opiates have demonstrated a cardioprotective role. The ideal dosing regimen and duration are areas of research that can be studied further. The data for the other anesthetic adjuncts such as lidocaine, dexmedetomidine along with use of regional anesthesia is still equivocal. Alongside advances in anesthesia, we believe surgical research looking into optimal cardioplegia solutions will also help improve myocardial protection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abey S. Abraham
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Connor W. Elliott
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sanchit Ahuja
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhang Y, Ma L, Yan Y, Zhao L, Han S, Wu D, Borlongan CV, Li J, Ji X. cPKCγ-Modulated Autophagy Contributes to Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection in Mice with Ischemic Stroke via mTOR-ULK1 Pathway. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:790-801. [PMID: 36214939 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-specific conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)γ mediates cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). In parallel, autophagy plays a prosurvival role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against ischemic stroke. However, the effect of cPKCγ on autophagy in IPC still remains to be addressed. In this study, adult and postnatal 1-day-old C57BL/6 J wild-type (cPKCγ+/+) and knockout (cPKCγ-/-) mice were used to establish in vivo and in vitro IPC models. The results showed that IPC pretreatment alleviated neuronal damage caused by lethal ischemia, which could be suppressed by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or bafilomycin A1. Meanwhile, cPKCγ knockout blocked IPC-induced neuroprotection, accompanied by significant increase of LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and Beclin 1 protein level, and a significant decrease in p62 protein level. Immunofluorescent staining results showed a decrease of LC3 puncta numbers in IPC-treated cPKCγ+/+ neurons with fatal ischemia, which was reversed in cPKCγ-/- neurons. In addition, cPKCγ-modulated phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser 2448 and ULK1 at Ser 555, rather than p-Thr-172 AMPK, was detected in IPC-pretreated neurons upon lethal ischemic exposure. The present data demonstrated that cPKCγ-modulated autophagy via the mTOR-ULK1 pathway likely modulated IPC-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Longhui Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Guerrero-Orriach JL, Carmona-Luque MD, Raigón-Ponferrada A. Beneficial Effects of Halogenated Anesthetics in Cardiomyocytes: The Role of Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1819. [PMID: 37891898 PMCID: PMC10604121 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the use of anesthetic drugs has been related to effects other than those initially related to their fundamental effect, hypnosis. Halogenated anesthetics, mainly sevoflurane, have been used as a therapeutic tool in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, thanks to the beneficial effect of the cardiac protection they generate. This effect has been described in several research studies. The mechanism by which they produce this effect has been associated with the effects generated by anesthetic preconditioning and postconditioning. The mechanisms by which these effects are induced are directly related to the modulation of oxidative stress and the cellular damage generated by the ischemia/reperfusion procedure through the overexpression of different enzymes, most of them included in the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) and the Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) pathways. Mitochondria is the final target of the different routes of pre- and post-anesthetic conditioning, and it is preserved from the damage generated in moments of lack of oxygen and after the recovery of the normal oxygen concentration. The final consequence of this effect has been related to better cardiac function in this type of patient, with less myocardial damage, less need for inotropic drugs to achieve normal myocardial function, and a shorter hospital stay in intensive care units. The mechanisms through which mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained and its relationship with the clinical effect are the basis of our review. From a translational perspective, we provide information regarding mitochondrial physiology and physiopathology in cardiac failure and the role of halogenated anesthetics in modulating oxidative stress and inducing myocardial conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Guerrero-Orriach
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Carmona-Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Cell Therapy Group, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aida Raigón-Ponferrada
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Huwyler F, Eden J, Binz J, Cunningham L, Sousa Da Silva RX, Clavien P, Dutkowski P, Tibbitt MW, Hefti M. A Spectrofluorometric Method for Real-Time Graft Assessment and Patient Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301537. [PMID: 37265001 PMCID: PMC10427358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are powerful clinical diagnostics and predictors of patient outcome. However, robust measurements often require time and expensive laboratory equipment, which is insufficient to track rapid changes and limits direct use in the operating room. Here, this study presents a portable spectrophotometric device for continuous real-time measurements of fluorescent and non-fluorescent biomarkers at the point of care. This study measures the mitochondrial damage biomarker flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in 26 extended criteria human liver grafts undergoing hypothermic oxygenated perfusion to guide clinical graft assessment. Real-time data identified seven organs unsuitable for transplant that are discarded. The remaining grafts are transplanted and FMN values correlated with post-transplant indicators of liver function and patient recovery. Further, this study shows how this device can be used to monitor dialysis patients by measuring creatinine in real-time. Our approach provides a simple method to monitor biomarkers directly within biological fluids to improve organ assessment, patient care, and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Huwyler
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Janina Eden
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
| | - Jonas Binz
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Leslie Cunningham
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Richard X. Sousa Da Silva
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Pierre‐Alain Clavien
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Max Hefti
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Dysfunction and Subcellular Defects Due to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071473. [PMID: 35884777 PMCID: PMC9313001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is well-known to be associated with impaired cardiac function, massive arrhythmias, marked alterations in cardiac metabolism and irreversible ultrastructural changes in the heart. Two major mechanisms namely oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+-overload are considered to explain I/R-induced injury to the heart. However, it is becoming apparent that oxidative stress is the most critical pathogenic factor because it produces myocardial abnormalities directly or indirectly for the occurrence of cardiac damage. Furthermore, I/R injury has been shown to generate oxidative stress by promoting the formation of different reactive oxygen species due to defects in mitochondrial function and depressions in both endogenous antioxidant levels as well as regulatory antioxidative defense systems. It has also been demonstrated to adversely affect a wide variety of metabolic pathways and targets in cardiomyocytes, various resident structures in myocardial interstitium, as well as circulating neutrophils and leukocytes. These I/R-induced alterations in addition to myocardial inflammation may cause cell death, fibrosis, inflammation, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, activation of proteases and phospholipases, as well as subcellular remodeling and depletion of energy stores in the heart. Analysis of results from isolated hearts perfused with or without some antioxidant treatments before subjecting to I/R injury has indicated that cardiac dysfunction is associated with the development of oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+-overload and protease activation. In addition, changes in the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as well as myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase activities in I/R hearts were attenuated by pretreatment with antioxidants. The I/R-induced alterations in cardiac function were simulated upon perfusing the hearts with oxyradical generating system or oxidant. These observations support the view that oxidative stress may be intimately involved in inducing intracellular Ca2+-overload, protease activation, subcellular remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of I/R injury to the heart.
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Mitochondrial Damage in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Application of Natural Plant Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8726564. [PMID: 35615579 PMCID: PMC9126658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8726564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is currently one of the leading causes of death among cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In addition, blood reflow and reperfusion paradoxically also lead to further death of cardiomyocytes and increase the infarct size. Multiple evidences indicated that mitochondrial function and structural disorders were the basic driving force of IHD. We summed up the latest evidence of the basic associations and underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial damage in the event of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This review then reviewed natural plant products (NPPs) which have been demonstrated to mitochondria-targeted therapeutic effects during I/R injury and the potential pathways involved. We realized that NPPs mainly maintained the integrality of mitochondria membrane and ameliorated dysfunction, such as improving abnormal mitochondrial calcium handling and inhibiting oxidative stress, so as to protect cardiomyocytes during I/R injury. This information will improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and I/R-induced injury's pathogenesis and exhibit that NPPs hold promise for translation into potential therapies that target mitochondria.
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Modification of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in Subcellular Organelles by Ischemic Preconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073425. [PMID: 35408783 PMCID: PMC8998910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the compromised recovery of cardiac contractile function. Such an adverse effect of I/R injury in the heart is attributed to the development of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+-overload, which are known to induce remodeling of subcellular organelles such as sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils. However, repeated episodes of brief periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion or ischemic preconditioning (IP) have been shown to improve cardiac function and exert cardioprotective actions against the adverse effects of prolonged I/R injury. This protective action of IP in attenuating myocardial damage and subcellular remodeling is likely to be due to marked reductions in the occurrence of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+-overload in cardiomyocytes. In addition, the beneficial actions of IP have been attributed to the depression of proteolytic activities and inflammatory levels of cytokines as well as the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-mediated signal transduction pathway. Accordingly, this review is intended to describe some of the changes in subcellular organelles, which are induced in cardiomyocytes by I/R for the occurrence of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+-overload and highlight some of the mechanisms for explaining the cardioprotective effects of IP.
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9
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Juhaszova M, Kobrinsky E, Zorov DB, Nuss HB, Yaniv Y, Fishbein KW, de Cabo R, Montoliu L, Gabelli SB, Aon MA, Cortassa S, Sollott SJ. ATP Synthase K +- and H +-fluxes Drive ATP Synthesis and Enable Mitochondrial K +-"Uniporter" Function: II. Ion and ATP Synthase Flux Regulation. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac001. [PMID: 35187492 PMCID: PMC8850977 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that ATP synthase serves the functions of a primary mitochondrial K+ "uniporter," i.e., the primary way for K+ to enter mitochondria. This K+ entry is proportional to ATP synthesis, regulating matrix volume and energy supply-vs-demand matching. We show that ATP synthase can be upregulated by endogenous survival-related proteins via IF1. We identified a conserved BH3-like domain of IF1 which overlaps its "minimal inhibitory domain" that binds to the β-subunit of F1. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 possess a BH3-binding-groove that can engage IF1 and exert effects, requiring this interaction, comparable to diazoxide to augment ATP synthase's H+ and K+ flux and ATP synthesis. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, but not Bcl-2, serve as endogenous regulatory ligands of ATP synthase via interaction with IF1 at this BH3-like domain, to increase its chemo-mechanical efficiency, enabling its function as the recruitable mitochondrial KATP-channel that can limit ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to examine potential bacterial IF1-progenitors, we found that IF1 is likely an ancient (∼2 Gya) Bcl-family member that evolved from primordial bacteria resident in eukaryotes, corresponding to their putative emergence as symbiotic mitochondria, and functioning to prevent their parasitic ATP consumption inside the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Heart Failure after Cardiac Surgery: The Role of Halogenated Agents, Myocardial Conditioning and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031360. [PMID: 35163284 PMCID: PMC8836224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease requires a surgical approach sometimes. Cardiac-surgery patients develop heart failure associated with ischemia induced during extracorporeal circulation. This complication could be decreased with anesthetic drugs. The cardioprotective effects of halogenated agents are based on pre- and postconditioning (sevoflurane, desflurane, or isoflurane) compared to intravenous hypnotics (propofol). We tried to put light on the shadows walking through the line of the halogenated anesthetic drugs’ effects in several enzymatic routes and oxidative stress, waiting for the final results of the ACDHUVV-16 clinical trial regarding the genetic modulation of this kind of drugs.
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Boovarahan SR, Venkatasubramanian H, Sharma N, Venkatesh S, Prem P, Kurian GA. Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR/K ATP channel blunts sodium thiosulphate preconditioning mediated cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:605-620. [PMID: 34170496 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that pre and postconditioning the heart with sodium thiosulfate (STS) attenuate ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the underlying mechanism involved in the cardioprotective signaling pathway is not fully explored. This study examined the existing link of STS mediated protection (as pre and post-conditioning agents) with PI3K, mTOR, and mPTP signaling pathways using its respective inhibitors. STS was administered to the isolated perfused rat heart through Kreb's Heinselit buffer before ischemia (precondition: SIPC) and reperfusion (postcondition: SPOC) in the presence and absence of the PI3K, mTOR, and mPTP signaling pathway inhibitors (wortmannin, rapamycin, and glibenclamide respectively). SIPC failed to improve the IR injury-induced altered cardiac hemodynamics, increased infarct size, and the release of cardiac injury markers in the presence of these inhibitors. On the other hand, the SPOC protocol effectively rendered the cardioprotection even in the PI3K/mTOR/KATP inhibitors presence. Interestingly, the SIPC's identified mode of action viz reduction in oxidative stress and the preservation of mitochondrial function were lost in the inhibitors' presence. Based on the above results, we conclude that the underlying mechanism of SIPC mediated cardioprotection works via the PI3K/mTOR/KATP signaling pathway axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Harini Venkatasubramanian
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sushma Venkatesh
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyanka Prem
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India.
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