1
|
Zhao Y, Yang HZ, Li H, Liang S, Wang M, Li CD, Zhuo D, Fan F, Guo M, Lv X, Zhang L, Chen X, Li SS, Jin X. Early statin exposure influences cardiac and skeletal development with implications for ion channel transcriptomes in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109905. [PMID: 38522713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for cholesterol management by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, may also influence vertebrate development. In this study, we investigated the developmental effects of two widely used statins, atorvastatin (ATO) and pravastatin (PRA), on zebrafish offspring. For ATO, we administered doses classified as low (1 μM), medium (5 μM), and high (10 μM), while for PRA, the corresponding concentrations were set at low (18 μM), medium (180 μM), and high (270 μM). Our results showed significant reductions in birth and hatching rates, along with decreased body length in offspring at all ATO concentrations and medium to high PRA concentrations. A notable increase in malformation rates, especially in the spine and heart, was observed across all ATO treatments and in medium and high PRA groups. Additionally, we observed reduced heart contraction rates, decreased heart size, lower bone volumes, and diminished expression of mRNA osteogenic markers. Elevated venous sinus-artery bulb (SV-BA) ratios, increased thoracic area, and abnormal cartilage development were also prominent in all ATO-treated groups. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in genes predominantly associated with ion channels. These findings provide insights into the potential impacts of specific concentrations of statins on offspring development and highlight potential gene interactions with statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Huinan Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Di Li
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghai Zhuo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Fan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzhu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dulka K, Lajkó N, Nacsa K, Gulya K. Opposite and Differently Altered Postmortem Changes in H3 and H3K9me3 Patterns in the Rat Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:11. [PMID: 38534795 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal and spatial epigenetic modifications in the brain occur during ontogenetic development, pathophysiological disorders, and aging. When epigenetic marks, such as histone methylations, in brain autopsies or biopsy samples are studied, it is critical to understand their postmortem/surgical stability. For this study, the frontal cortex and hippocampus of adult rats were removed immediately (controls) or after a postmortem delay of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 min. The patterns of unmodified H3 and its trimethylated form H3K9me3 were analyzed in frozen samples for Western blot analysis and in formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin for confocal microscopy. We found that both the unmodified H3 and H3K9me3 showed time-dependent but opposite changes and were altered differently in the frontal cortex and hippocampus with respect to postmortem delay. In the frontal cortex, the H3K9me3 marks increased approximately 450% with a slow parallel 20% decrease in the unmodified H3 histones after 150 min. In the hippocampus, the change was opposite, since H3K9me3 marks decreased steadily by approximately 65% after 150 min with a concomitant rapid increase of 20-25% in H3 histones at the same time. Confocal microscopy located H3K9me3 marks in the heterochromatic regions of the nuclei of all major cell types in the control brains: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. Therefore, epigenetic marks could be affected differently by postmortem delay in different parts of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dulka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Lajkó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Nacsa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karoly Gulya
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kynurenic Acid and Its Analog SZR104 Exhibit Strong Antiinflammatory Effects and Alter the Intracellular Distribution and Methylation Patterns of H3 Histones in Immunochallenged Microglia-Enriched Cultures of Newborn Rat Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031079. [PMID: 35163002 PMCID: PMC8835130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is implicated in antiinflammatory processes in the brain through several cellular and molecular targets, among which microglia-related mechanisms are of paramount importance. In this study, we describe the effects of KYNA and one of its analogs, the brain-penetrable SZR104 (N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide), on the intracellular distribution and methylation patterns of histone H3 in immunochallenged microglia cultures. Microglia-enriched secondary cultures made from newborn rat forebrains were immunochallenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The protein levels of selected inflammatory markers C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and C–C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), histone H3, and posttranslational modifications of histone H3 lys methylation sites (H3K9me3 and H3K36me2, marks typically associated with opposite effects on gene expression) were analyzed using quantitative fluorescent immunocytochemistry and western blots in control or LPS-treated cultures with or without KYNA or SZR104. KYNA and SZR104 reduced levels of the inflammatory marker proteins CXCL10 and CCR1 after LPS-treatment. Moreover, KYNA and SZR104 favorably affected histone methylation patterns as H3K9me3 and H3K36me2 immunoreactivities, and histone H3 protein levels returned toward control values after LPS treatment. The cytoplasmic translocation of H3K9me3 from the nucleus indicated inflammatory distress, a process that could be inhibited by KYNA and SZR104. Thus, KYNA signaling and metabolism, and especially brain-penetrable KYNA analogs such as SZR104, could be key targets in the pathway that connects chromatin structure and epigenetic mechanisms with functional consequences that affect neuroinflammation and perhaps neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
4
|
Barreto GE, Gonzalez J, Reiner Ž, Jamialahmadi T, Echeverria V, Ashraf GM, Sahebkar A. In silico interactions of statins with cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA). Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109528. [PMID: 34022192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins are the low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol-lowering drugs of first choice and are used to prevent the increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although some of their effects are well known, little is known about their ability to regulate other lipid-related proteins which control apoptotic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore whether statins can bind to cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA), which might be a possible pleiotropic mechanism of action of these drugs on the modulation of apoptosis and lipid metabolism. The structures of statins were subjected to molecular docking and dynamics with the human CIDEA protein to investigate the interaction pattern and identify which residues are important. The docking results indicated that atorvastatin and rosuvastatin showed the best interaction energy (-8.51 and -8.04 kcal/mol, respectively) followed by fluvastatin (-7.39), pitavastatin (-6.5), lovastatin (-6.23), pravastatin (-6.04) and simvastatin (-5.29). Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were further subjected to molecular dynamics at 50 ns with CIDEA and the results suggested that rosuvastatin-CIDEA complex had lower root-mean square deviation and root-mean square fluctuation when compared with atorvastatin-CIDEA. Since two arginine residues -ARG19 and ARG22-were identified to be common for the interaction with CIDEA, a single-point mutation was induced in these residues to determine whether they are important for binding interaction. Mutation of these two residues seemed to affect mostly the interaction of atorvastatin with CIDEA, suggesting that they are important for the binding and therefore indicate another possible metabolic mechanism of the pleiotropic effects of this statin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Janneth Gonzalez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|