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FLASHlab@PITZ: New R&D platform with unique capabilities for electron FLASH and VHEE radiation therapy and radiation biology under preparation at PITZ. Phys Med 2022; 104:174-187. [PMID: 36463582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
At the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ), an R&D platform for electron FLASH and very high energy electron radiation therapy and radiation biology is being prepared (FLASHlab@PITZ). The beam parameters available at PITZ are worldwide unique. They are based on experiences from 20 + years of developing high brightness beam sources and an ultra-intensive THz light source demonstrator for ps scale electron bunches with up to 5 nC bunch charge at MHz repetition rate in bunch trains of up to 1 ms length, currently 22 MeV (upgrade to 250 MeV planned). Individual bunches can provide peak dose rates up to 1014 Gy/s, and 10 Gy can be delivered within picoseconds. Upon demand, each bunch of the bunch train can be guided to a different transverse location, so that either a "painting" with micro beams (comparable to pencil beam scanning in proton therapy) or a cumulative increase of absorbed dose, using a wide beam distribution, can be realized at the tumor. Full tumor treatment can hence be completed within 1 ms, mitigating organ movement issues. With extremely flexible beam manipulation capabilities, FLASHlab@PITZ will cover the current parameter range of successfully demonstrated FLASH effects and extend the parameter range towards yet unexploited short treatment times and high dose rates. A summary of the plans for FLASHlab@PITZ and the status of its realization will be presented.
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Staufer T, Schulze ML, Schmutzler O, Körnig C, Welge V, Burkhardt T, Vietzke JP, Vogelsang A, Weise JM, Blatt T, Dabrowski O, Falkenberg G, Brückner D, Sanchez-Cano C, Grüner F. Assessing Cellular Uptake of Exogenous Coenzyme Q 10 into Human Skin Cells by X-ray Fluorescence Imaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081532. [PMID: 36009252 PMCID: PMC9405069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging is a highly sensitive non-invasive imaging method for detection of small element quantities in objects, from human-sized scales down to single-cell organelles, using various X-ray beam sizes. Our aim was to investigate the cellular uptake and distribution of Q10, a highly conserved coenzyme with antioxidant and bioenergetic properties. Q10 was labeled with iodine (I2-Q10) and individual primary human skin cells were scanned with nano-focused beams. Distribution of I2-Q10 molecules taken up inside the screened individual skin cells was measured, with a clear correlation between individual Q10 uptake and cell size. Experiments revealed that labeling Q10 with iodine causes no artificial side effects as a result of the labeling procedure itself, and thus is a perfect means of investigating bioavailability and distribution of Q10 in cells. In summary, individual cellular Q10 uptake was demonstrated by XRF, opening the path towards Q10 multi-scale tracking for biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Staufer
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirja L. Schulze
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körnig
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivienne Welge
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Burkhardt
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Vietzke
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Vogelsang
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia M. Weise
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blatt
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Dabrowski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florian Grüner
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Körnig C, Staufer T, Schmutzler O, Bedke T, Machicote A, Liu B, Liu Y, Gargioni E, Feliu N, Parak WJ, Huber S, Grüner F. In-situ x-ray fluorescence imaging of the endogenous iodine distribution in murine thyroids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2903. [PMID: 35190621 PMCID: PMC8861059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) is a non-invasive detection method of small quantities of elements, which can be excited to emit fluorescence x-ray photons upon irradiation with an incident x-ray beam. In particular, it can be used to measure nanoparticle uptake in cells and tissue, thus making it a versatile medical imaging modality. However, due to substantially increased multiple Compton scattering background in the measured x-ray spectra, its sensitivity severely decreases for thicker objects, so far limiting its applicability for tracking very small quantities under in-vivo conditions. Reducing the detection limit would enable the ability to track labeled cells, promising new insights into immune response and pharmacokinetics. We present a synchrotron-based approach for reducing the minimal detectable marker concentration by demonstrating the feasibility of XFI for measuring the yet inaccessible distribution of the endogenous iodine in murine thyroids under in-vivo conform conditions. This result can be used as a reference case for the design of future preclinical XFI applications as mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körnig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andres Machicote
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beibei Liu
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Gargioni
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), Grindelallee 117, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grüner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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Mikhailov OV. The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics (PCCP) Section of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in Its Publications: The First 300 Thematic Articles in the First 3 Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:241. [PMID: 35008667 PMCID: PMC8745423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Section (PCCP Section) is one of the youngest among the sections of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)-the year 2021 will only mark three years since its inception [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Mikhailov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Certification and Quality Management, Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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Ungerer A, Staufer T, Schmutzler O, Körnig C, Rothkamm K, Grüner F. X-ray-Fluorescence Imaging for In Vivo Detection of Gold-Nanoparticle-Labeled Immune Cells: A GEANT4 Based Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5759. [PMID: 34830917 PMCID: PMC8616134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing field of cellular therapies in regenerative medicine and oncology calls for more refined diagnostic tools that are able to investigate and monitor the function and success of said therapies. X-ray Fluorescence Imaging (XFI) can be applied for molecular imaging with nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which can be used in immune cell tracking. We present a Monte Carlo simulation study on the sensitivity of detection and associated radiation dose estimations in an idealized setup of XFI in human-sized objects. Our findings demonstrate the practicability of XFI in human-sized objects, as immune cell tracking with a minimum detection limit of 4.4 × 105 cells or 0.86 μg gold in a cubic volume of 1.78 mm3 can be achieved. Therefore, our results show that the current technological developments form a good basis for high sensitivity XFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ungerer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.U.); (K.R.)
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Christian Körnig
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.U.); (K.R.)
| | - Florian Grüner
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
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Feasibility of Monitoring Tumor Response by Tracking Nanoparticle-Labelled T Cells Using X-ray Fluorescence Imaging-A Numerical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168736. [PMID: 34445443 PMCID: PMC8395984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been a breakthrough in cancer treatment, yet only a subgroup of patients responds to these novel drugs. Parameters such as cytotoxic T-cell infiltration into the tumor have been proposed for the early evaluation and prediction of therapeutic response, demanded for non-invasive, sensitive and longitudinal imaging. We have evaluated the feasibility of X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) to track immune cells and thus monitor the immune response. For that, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations using a mouse voxel model. Spherical targets, enriched with gold or palladium fluorescence agents, were positioned within the model and imaged using a monochromatic photon beam of 53 or 85 keV. Based on our simulation results, XFI may detect as few as 730 to 2400 T cells labelled with 195 pg gold each when imaging subcutaneous tumors in mice, with a spatial resolution of 1 mm. However, the detection threshold is influenced by the depth of the tumor as surrounding tissue increases scattering and absorption, especially when utilizing palladium imaging agents with low-energy characteristic fluorescence photons. Further evaluation and conduction of in vivo animal experiments will be required to validate and advance these promising results.
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