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Cuccarini V, Savoldi F, Mardor Y, Last D, Pellegatta S, Mazzi F, Bruzzone MG, Anghileri E, Pollo B, Maddaloni L, Russo C, Bocchi E, Pinzi V, Eoli M, Aquino D. Response assessment of GBM during immunotherapy by delayed contrast treatment response assessment maps. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1374737. [PMID: 38651109 PMCID: PMC11033465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1374737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessing the treatment response of glioblastoma multiforme during immunotherapy (IT) is an open issue. Treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) might help distinguish true tumor progression (TTP) and pseudoprogression (PsP) in this setting. Methods We recruited 16 naïve glioblastoma patients enrolled in a phase II trial consisting of the Stupp protocol (a standardized treatment for glioblastoma involving combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide) plus IT with dendritic cells. Patients were followed up till progression or death; seven underwent a second surgery for suspected progression. Clinical, immunological, and MRI data were collected from all patients and histology in case of second surgery. Patients were classified as responders (progression-free survival, PFS > 12 months), and non-responders (PFS ≤ 12), HIGH-NK (natural killer cells, i.e., immunological responders), and LOW-NK (immunological non-responders) based on immune cell counts in peripheral blood. TRAMs differentiate contrast-enhancing lesions with different washout dynamics into hypothesized tumoral (conventionally blue-colored) vs. treatment-related (red-colored). Results Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, a threshold of -0.066 in VBlue/VCE (volume of the blue portion of tumoral area/volume of contrast enhancement) variation between values obtained in the MRI performed before PsP/TTP and at TTP/PSP allowed to discriminate TTP from PsP with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 100%. Among HIGH-NK patients, at month 6 there was a significant reduction compared to baseline and month 2 in median "blue" volumes. Discussion In conclusion, in our pilot study TRAMs support the discrimination between tumoral and treatment-related enhancing features in immunological responders vs. non-responders, the distinction between PsP and TTP, and might provide surrogate markers of immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cuccarini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Savoldi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Yael Mardor
- Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Last
- Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Anghileri
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Neuro-Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Maddaloni
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Russo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione (DIETI), Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Bocchi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pinzi
- Radiotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Eoli
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Aquino
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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de Godoy LL, Chawla S, Brem S, Mohan S. Taming Glioblastoma in "Real Time": Integrating Multimodal Advanced Neuroimaging/AI Tools Towards Creating a Robust and Therapy Agnostic Model for Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2588-2592. [PMID: 37227179 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The highly aggressive nature of glioblastoma carries a dismal prognosis despite aggressive multimodal therapy. Alternative treatment regimens, such as immunotherapies, are known to intensify the inflammatory response in the treatment field. Follow-up imaging in these scenarios often mimics disease progression on conventional MRI, making accurate evaluation extremely challenging. To this end, revised criteria for assessment of treatment response in high-grade gliomas were successfully proposed by the RANO Working Group to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression, with intrinsic constraints related to the postcontrast T1-weighted MRI sequence. To address these existing limitations, our group proposes a more objective and quantifiable "treatment agnostic" model, integrating into the RANO criteria advanced multimodal neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), dynamic susceptibility contrast-perfusion weighted imaging (DSC-PWI), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI, MR spectroscopy, and amino acid-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracers, along with artificial intelligence (AI) tools (radiomics, radiogenomics, and radiopathomics) and molecular information to address this complex issue of treatment-related changes versus tumor progression in "real-time", particularly in the early posttreatment window. Our perspective delineates the potential of incorporating multimodal neuroimaging techniques to improve consistency and automation for the assessment of early treatment response in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiz Laura de Godoy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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de Godoy LL, Chawla S, Brem S, Wang S, O'Rourke DM, Nasrallah MP, Desai A, Loevner LA, Liau LM, Mohan S. Assessment of treatment response to dendritic cell vaccine in patients with glioblastoma using a multiparametric MRI-based prediction model. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:173-183. [PMID: 37129737 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccine (DCVax-L) is a promising treatment modality for glioblastomas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential utility of multiparametric MRI-based prediction model in evaluating treatment response in glioblastoma patients treated with DCVax-L. METHODS Seventeen glioblastoma patients treated with standard-of-care therapy + DCVax-L were included. When tumor progression (TP) was suspected and repeat surgery was being contemplated, we sought to ascertain the number of cases correctly classified as TP + mixed response or pseudoprogression (PsP) from multiparametric MRI-based prediction model using histopathology/mRANO criteria as ground truth. Multiparametric MRI model consisted of predictive probabilities (PP) of tumor progression computed from diffusion and perfusion MRI-derived parameters. A comparison of overall survival (OS) was performed between patients treated with standard-of-care therapy + DCVax-L and standard-of-care therapy alone (external controls). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to compare OS between two groups of patients using PsP, Ki-67, and MGMT promoter methylation status as stratification variables. RESULTS Multiparametric MRI model correctly predicted TP + mixed response in 72.7% of cases (8/11) and PsP in 83.3% (5/6) with an overall concordance rate of 76.5% with final diagnosis as determined by histopathology/mRANO criteria. There was a significant concordant correlation coefficient between PP values and histopathology/mRANO criteria (r = 0.54; p = 0.026). DCVax-L-treated patients had significantly prolonged OS than those treated with standard-of-care therapy (22.38 ± 12.8 vs. 13.8 ± 9.5 months, p = 0.040). Additionally, glioblastomas with PsP, MGMT promoter methylation status, and Ki-67 values below median had longer OS than their counterparts. CONCLUSION Multiparametric MRI-based prediction model can assess treatment response to DCVax-L in patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiz Laura de Godoy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arati Desai
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurie A Loevner
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine & Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lau D, Corrie PG, Gallagher FA. MRI techniques for immunotherapy monitoring. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004708. [PMID: 36122963 PMCID: PMC9486399 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is a widely available clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. MRI provides excellent soft tissue imaging, using a wide range of contrast mechanisms, and can non-invasively detect tissue metabolites. These approaches can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissues, to stratify tumor aggressiveness, and to identify changes within both the tumor and its microenvironment in response to therapy. In this review, the role of MRI in immunotherapy monitoring will be discussed and how it could be utilized in the future to address some of the unique clinical questions that arise from immunotherapy. For example, MRI could play a role in identifying pseudoprogression, mixed response, T cell infiltration, cell tracking, and some of the characteristic immune-related adverse events associated with these agents. The factors to be considered when developing MRI imaging biomarkers for immunotherapy will be reviewed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of each approach will be discussed, as well as the challenges for future clinical translation into routine clinical care. Given the increasing use of immunotherapy in a wide range of cancers and the ability of MRI to detect the microstructural and functional changes associated with successful response to immunotherapy, the technique has great potential for more widespread and routine use in the future for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Zhu M, Li S, Kuang Y, Hill VB, Heimberger AB, Zhai L, Zhai S. Artificial intelligence in the radiomic analysis of glioblastomas: A review, taxonomy, and perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924245. [PMID: 35982952 PMCID: PMC9379255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiological imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are the standard-of-care non-invasive diagnostic approaches widely applied in neuro-oncology. Unfortunately, accurate interpretation of radiological imaging data is constantly challenged by the indistinguishable radiological image features shared by different pathological changes associated with tumor progression and/or various therapeutic interventions. In recent years, machine learning (ML)-based artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in medical image processing and bioinformatics due to its advantages in implicit image feature extraction and integrative data analysis. Despite its recent rapid development, ML technology still faces many hurdles for its broader applications in neuro-oncological radiomic analysis, such as lack of large accessible standardized real patient radiomic brain tumor data of all kinds and reliable predictions on tumor response upon various treatments. Therefore, understanding ML-based AI technologies is critically important to help us address the skyrocketing demands of neuro-oncology clinical deployments. Here, we provide an overview on the latest advancements in ML techniques for brain tumor radiomic analysis, emphasizing proprietary and public dataset preparation and state-of-the-art ML models for brain tumor diagnosis, classifications (e.g., primary and secondary tumors), discriminations between treatment effects (pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis) and true progression, survival prediction, inflammation, and identification of brain tumor biomarkers. We also compare the key features of ML models in the realm of neuroradiology with ML models employed in other medical imaging fields and discuss open research challenges and directions for future work in this nascent precision medicine area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Sijia Li
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Yu Kuang
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Health Physics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Virginia B. Hill
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Lijie Zhai, ; Shengjie Zhai,
| | - Shengjie Zhai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
- *Correspondence: Lijie Zhai, ; Shengjie Zhai,
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Kumar M, Nanga RPR, Chawla S. Editorial: Structural, Metabolic, and Physiologic MR Imaging to Study Glioblastomas. Front Neurol 2022; 13:887027. [PMID: 35432174 PMCID: PMC9005642 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.887027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Intervention Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Kumar
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sanjeev Chawla
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Kumar M, Nanga RPR, Verma G, Wilson N, Brisset JC, Nath K, Chawla S. Emerging MR Imaging and Spectroscopic Methods to Study Brain Tumor Metabolism. Front Neurol 2022; 13:789355. [PMID: 35370872 PMCID: PMC8967433 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.789355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) provides a non-invasive biochemical profile of brain tumors. The conventional 1H-MRS methods present a few challenges mainly related to limited spatial coverage and low spatial and spectral resolutions. In the recent past, the advent and development of more sophisticated metabolic imaging and spectroscopic sequences have revolutionized the field of neuro-oncologic metabolomics. In this review article, we will briefly describe the scientific premises of three-dimensional echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (3D-EPSI), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COSY), and chemical exchange saturation technique (CEST) MRI techniques. Several published studies have shown how these emerging techniques can significantly impact the management of patients with glioma by determining histologic grades, molecular profiles, planning treatment strategies, and assessing the therapeutic responses. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the potential clinical applications of these techniques in studying brain tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neil Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sanjeev Chawla
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Candiota AP, Arús C. Establishing Imaging Biomarkers of Host Immune System Efficacy during Glioblastoma Therapy Response: Challenges, Obstacles and Future Perspectives. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030243. [PMID: 35323686 PMCID: PMC8950145 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This hypothesis proposal addresses three major questions: (1) Why do we need imaging biomarkers for assessing the efficacy of immune system participation in glioblastoma therapy response? (2) Why are they not available yet? and (3) How can we produce them? We summarize the literature data supporting the claim that the immune system is behind the efficacy of most successful glioblastoma therapies but, unfortunately, there are no current short-term imaging biomarkers of its activity. We also discuss how using an immunocompetent murine model of glioblastoma, allowing the cure of mice and the generation of immune memory, provides a suitable framework for glioblastoma therapy response biomarker studies. Both magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-based metabolomic data (i.e., magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging) can provide non-invasive assessments of such a system. A predictor based in nosological images, generated from magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging analyses and their oscillatory patterns, should be translational to clinics. We also review hurdles that may explain why such an oscillatory biomarker was not reported in previous imaging glioblastoma work. Single shot explorations that neglect short-term oscillatory behavior derived from immune system attack on tumors may mislead actual response extent detection. Finally, we consider improvements required to properly predict immune system-mediated early response (1–2 weeks) to therapy. The sensible use of improved biomarkers may enable translatable evidence-based therapeutic protocols, with the possibility of extending preclinical results to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Candiota
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Lim TX, Ahamed M, Reutens DC. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: A diagnostic and therapeutic target in glioma. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:422-435. [PMID: 34624509 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly disease; 5-year survival rates have shown little improvement over the past 30 years. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is an important method of identifying potential diagnostic and therapeutic molecular targets non-invasively. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that regulates multiple genes involved in immune response modulation and tumorigenesis. The AhR is an attractive potential drug target and studies have shown that its activation by small molecules can modulate innate and adaptive immunity beneficially and prevent AhR-mediated tumour promotion in several cancer types. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the AhR in glioma tumorigenesis and highlight its potential as an emerging biomarker for glioma therapies targeting the tumour immune response and PET diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiang Lim
- ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Muneer Ahamed
- ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David C Reutens
- ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Mohan S, Wang S, Chawla S, Abdullah K, Desai A, Maloney E, Brem S. Multiparametric MRI assessment of response to convection-enhanced intratumoral delivery of MDNA55, an interleukin-4 receptor targeted immunotherapy, for recurrent glioblastoma. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:337. [PMID: 34345478 PMCID: PMC8326072 DOI: 10.25259/sni_353_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and carries a dismal prognosis. Attempts to develop biologically targeted therapies are challenging as the blood-brain barrier can limit drugs from reaching their target when administered through conventional (intravenous or oral) routes. Furthermore, systemic toxicity of drugs often limits their therapeutic potential. To circumvent these problems, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) provides direct, targeted, intralesional therapy with a secondary objective to alter the tumor microenvironment from an immunologically "cold" (nonresponsive) to an "inflamed" (immunoresponsive) tumor. Case Description We report a patient with right occipital recurrent GBM harboring poor prognostic genotypes who was treated with MRI-guided CED of a fusion protein MDNA55 (a targeted toxin directed toward the interleukin-4 receptor). The patient underwent serial anatomical, diffusion, and perfusion MRI scans before initiation of targeted therapy and at 1, 3-month posttherapy. Increased mean diffusivity along with decreased fractional anisotropy and maximum relative cerebral blood volume was noted at follow-up periods relative to baseline. Conclusion Our findings suggest that diffusion and perfusion MRI techniques may be useful in evaluating early response to CED of MDNA55 in recurrent GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kalil Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Arati Desai
- Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Eileen Maloney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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