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Maeno T, Arimatsu R, Ojima K, Yamaya Y, Imakyure H, Watanabe N, Komiya Y, Kobayashi K, Nakamura M, Nishimura T, Tatsumi R, Suzuki T. Netrin-4 synthesized in satellite cell-derived myoblasts stimulates autonomous fusion. Exp Cell Res 2023; 430:113698. [PMID: 37437770 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells are indispensable for skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy by forming nascent myofibers (myotubes). They synthesize multi-potent modulator netrins (secreted subtypes: netrin-1, -3, and -4), originally found as classical neural axon guidance molecules. While netrin-1 and -3 have key roles in myogenic differentiation, the physiological significance of netrin-4 is still unclear. This study examined whether netrin-4 regulates myofiber type commitment and myotube formation. Initially, the expression profiles indicated that satellite cells isolated from the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL muscle: fast-twitch myofiber-abundant) expressed slightly more netrin-4 than the soleus muscle (slow-type abundant) cells. As netrin-4 knockdown inhibited both slow- and fast-type myotube formation, netrin-4 may not directly regulate myofiber type commitment. However, netrin-4 knockdown in satellite cell-derived myoblasts reduced the myotube fusion index, while exogenous netrin-4 promoted myotube formation, even though netrin-4 expression level was maximum during the initiation stage of myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, netrin-4 knockdown also inhibited MyoD (a master transcriptional factor of myogenesis) and Myomixer (a myoblast fusogenic molecule) expression. These data suggest that satellite cells synthesize netrin-4 during myogenic differentiation initiation to promote their own fusion, stimulating the MyoD-Myomixer signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeno
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rio Arimatsu
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaya
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Imakyure
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naruha Watanabe
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komiya
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Ishibashi A, Udono M, Sato M, Katakura Y. Molecular Mechanisms for the Carnosine-Induced Activation of Muscle-Brain Interaction. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061479. [PMID: 36986209 PMCID: PMC10057344 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is known to improve brain function. The molecular basis for the carnosine-mediated interaction between intestinal cells and neuronal cells is that carnosine acts on intestinal cells and stimulates exosome secretion, which can induce neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells. This study aimed to infer the carnosine-mediated interaction between muscle cells and neuronal cells. The results revealed that carnosine induces muscle cell differentiation, as well as the secretion of exosomes and myokines that can act on neuronal cells. Carnosine acts not only on intestinal cells but also on muscle cells, stimulating the secretion of secretory factors including exosomes that induce neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells, as well as myokines known to be involved in neuronal cell activation. As the miRNAs in exosomes secreted from intestinal cells and muscle cells upon carnosine treatment are different, it could be assumed that carnosine acts on each cell to interact with neuronal cell through separate factors and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Miyako Udono
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mikako Sato
- R&D Center, NH Foods, Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2626, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Zhang Y, Beketaev I, Ma Y, Wang J. Sumoylation-deficient phosphoglycerate mutase 2 impairs myogenic differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1052363. [PMID: 36589741 PMCID: PMC9795042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1052363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (PGAM2) is a critical glycolytic enzyme that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. In humans, naturally occurring mutations in Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 have been etiologically linked to glycogen storage disease X (GSDX). Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity is regulated by several posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination and acetylation. Here, we report that Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity is regulated by sumoylation-a covalent conjugation involved in a wide spectrum of cellular events. We found that Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 contains two primary SUMO acceptor sites, lysine (K)49 and K176, and that the mutation of either K to arginine (R) abolished Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 sumoylation. Given that K176 is more highly evolutionarily conserved across paralogs and orthologs than K49 is, we used the CRISPR-mediated homologous recombination technique in myogenic C2C12 cells to generate homozygous K176R knock-in cells (PGAM2K176R/K176R). Compared with wild-type (WT) C2C12 cells, PGAM2K176R/K176R C2C12 cells exhibited impaired myogenic differentiation, as indicated by decreased differentiation and fusion indexes. Furthermore, the results of glycolytic and mitochondrial stress assays with the XF96 Extracellular Flux analyzer revealed a reduced proton efflux rate (PER), glycolytic PER (glycoPER), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PGAM2K176R/K176R C2C12 cells, both at baseline and in response to stress. Impaired mitochondrial function was also observed in PGAM2K176R/K176R P19 cells, a carcinoma cell line. These findings indicate that the PGAM2-K176R mutation impaired glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Gene ontology term analysis of RNA sequencing data further revealed that several downregulated genes in PGAM2K176R/K176R C2C12 cells were associated with muscle differentiation/development/contraction programs. Finally, PGAM2 with either of two naturally occurring missense mutations linked to GSDX, E89A (conversion of glutamic acid 89 to alanine) or R90W (conversion of arginine 90 to tryptophan), exhibited reduced Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 sumoylation. Thus, sumoylation is an important mechanism that mediates Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity and is potentially implicated in Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 mutation-linked disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ilimbek Beketaev
- Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,*Correspondence: Yanlin Ma, ; Jun Wang,
| | - Jun Wang
- Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Yanlin Ma, ; Jun Wang,
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He B, Gai Q, Fan T. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Expressing Netrin-1 Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)-Induced Inflammation. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common central nervous system (CNS) injury. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation is a potential treatment for traumatic SCI. However, the role and mechanism of BMSCs with high expression of Netrin-1 on the repair and inflammation of
spinal cord injury cells remains unclear. Our study intends to assess the effect of BMSCs with high Netrin-1 level on the repair of SCI cells. BMSCs or Netrin-1 transfected BMSCs were co-cultured with mechanically injured nerve cells followed by analysis of the differentiation of BMSCs by
light microscope, apoptosis activity, expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB, and the TNF-α and IL-1β content in cell supernatant by ELISA. BMSCs with high Netrin-1 expression promoted the proliferation of BMSCs, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted the differentiation
of nerve cells along with increased ALK activity, and the expression of GFAP and BDNF. Co-culture with BMSCs or BMSCs with high Netrin-1 expression increased mechanically damaged nerve cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, downregulated TLR-4 and NF-κB (P < 0.05)
with more significant changes after co-culture with BMSCs with high Netrin-1 expression. In conclusion, Netrin-1 can promote BMSCs proliferation and differentiation, and inhibit apoptosis. By inhibiting inflammation, it can promote damaged nerve cell proliferation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua He
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng, 100091, China
| | - Qifei Gai
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng, 100091, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng, 100091, China
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Ojima K, Kigaki M, Ichimura E, Suzuki T, Kobayashi K, Muroya S, Nishimura T. Endogenous slow and fast myosin dynamics in myofibers isolated from mice expressing GFP-Myh7 and Kusabira Orange-Myh1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C520-C535. [PMID: 35759444 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle consists of slow and fast myofibers in which different myosin isoforms are expressed. Approximately 300 myosins form a single thick filament in the myofibrils, where myosin is continuously exchanged. However, endogenous slow and fast myosin dynamics have not been fully understood. To elucidate those dynamics, here we generated mice expressing green fluorescence protein-tagged slow myosin heavy chain (GFP-Myh7) and Kusabira Orange fluorescence protein-tagged fast myosin heavy chain (KuO-Myh1). First, these mice enabled us to distinguish between GFP- and KuO-myofibers under fluorescence microscopy: GFP-Myh7 and KuO-Myh1 were exclusively expressed in slow myofibers and fast myofibers, respectively. Next, to monitor endogenous myosin dynamics, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was conducted. The mobile fraction (Mf) of GFP-Myh7 and that of KuO-Myh1 were almost constant values independent of the regions of the myofibers and the muscle portions where the myofibers were isolated. Intriguingly, proteasome inhibitor treatment significantly decreased the Mf in GFP-Myh7 but not in KuO-Myh1 myofibers, indicating that the response to a disturbance in protein turnover depended on muscle fiber type. Taken together, the present results indicated that the mice we generated are promising tools not only for distinguishing between GFP- and KuO-myofibers but also for studying the dynamics of endogenous myosin isoforms by live-cell fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kigaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Ichimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Lemon Myrtle ( Backhousia citriodora) Extract and Its Active Compound, Casuarinin, Activate Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051078. [PMID: 35268053 PMCID: PMC8912364 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Exercise is effective in improving sarcopenia via two mechanisms: activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. In contrast, most nutritional approaches for improving sarcopenia focus mainly on muscle protein synthesis, and little is known about SC activation. Here, we investigated the effect of lemon myrtle extract (LM) on SC activation both in vitro and in vivo. Primary SCs or myoblast cell lines were treated with LM or its derived compounds, and incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, an indicator of cell cycle progression, was detected by immunocytochemistry. We found that LM significantly activated SCs (p < 0.05), but not myoblasts. We also identified casuarinin, an ellagitannin, as the active compound in LM involved in SC activation. The structure−activity relationship analysis showed that rather than the structure of each functional group of casuarinin, its overall structure is crucial for SC activation. Furthermore, SC activation by LM and casuarinin was associated with upregulation of interleukin-6 mRNA expression, which is essential for SC activation and proliferation. Finally, oral administration of LM or casuarinin to rats showed significant activation of SCs in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05), suggesting that LM and casuarinin may serve as novel nutritional interventions for improving sarcopenia through activating SCs.
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