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Baert L, Mahmudul HM, Stegall M, Joo H, Oh S. B Cell-mediated Immune Regulation and the Quest for Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00669. [PMID: 38389135 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pathophysiologic function of B cells in graft rejection has been well recognized in transplantation. B cells promote alloantigen-specific T-cell response and secrete antibodies that can cause antibody-mediated graft failures and rejections. Therefore, strategies targeting B cells, for example, B-cell depletion, have been used for the prevention of both acute and chronic rejections. Interestingly, however, recent mounting evidence indicates that subsets of B cells yet to be further identified can display potent immune regulatory functions, and they contribute to transplantation tolerance and operational tolerance in both experimental and clinical settings, respectively. In this review, we integrate currently available information on B-cell subsets, including T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive transitional and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive memory B cells, displaying immune regulatory functions, with a focus on transplantation tolerance, by analyzing their mechanisms of action. In addition, we will discuss potential T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive B cell-based strategies for the enhancement of operational tolerance in transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - Mark Stegall
- Department of Surgery, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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Giannoukakis N. Tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetes: no longer a concept. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212641. [PMID: 37388741 PMCID: PMC10303908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) arrest the progression of autoimmune-driven dysglycemia into clinical, insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes (T1D) and preserve a critical mass of β cells able to restore some degree of normoglycemia in new-onset clinical disease. The safety of tDC, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, has been demonstrated in phase I clinical studies. Accumulating evidence shows that tDC act via multiple layers of immune regulation arresting the action of pancreatic β cell-targeting effector lymphocytes. tDC share a number of phenotypes and mechanisms of action, independent of the method by which they are generated ex vivo. In the context of safety, this yields confidence that the time has come to test the best characterized tDC in phase II clinical trials in T1D, especially given that tDC are already being tested for other autoimmune conditions. The time is also now to refine purity markers and to "universalize" the methods by which tDC are generated. This review summarizes the current state of tDC therapy for T1D, presents points of intersection of the mechanisms of action that the different embodiments use to induce tolerance, and offers insights into outstanding matters to address as phase II studies are imminent. Finally, we present a proposal for co-administration and serially-alternating administration of tDC and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) as a synergistic and complementary approach to prevent and treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Milburn JV, Hoog A, Villanueva-Hernández S, Mair KH, Gerner W. Identification of IL-10 competent B cells in swine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104488. [PMID: 35777534 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the phenotypic characterisation of porcine B cells is ongoing, with recent advances in the identification of B1 cell subsets and plasma cells. However, regulatory B cells, commonly identified by interleukin (IL)-10 production, have not been studied in pigs so far. Here we investigate IL-10 expression in B cell subsets in response to CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin stimulation in vitro. Our results reflect similar findings in human and mice. We identify a small subset of IL-10 competent B cells, present within both porcine B1 and B2 cell subsets across blood, spleen, mediastinal lymph nodes and lung tissue, with varied differentiation statuses. The capacity for IL-10 production coincided with CD95 expression, suggesting an activated phenotype of IL-10 competent B cells. These findings support the emerging paradigm that B cell IL-10 production is a function of various B cell subsets influenced by activation history and microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma V Milburn
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Hoog
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonia Villanueva-Hernández
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
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Garcia SG, Sandoval-Hellín N, Franquesa M. Regulatory B Cell Therapy in Kidney Transplantation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:791450. [PMID: 34950041 PMCID: PMC8689004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of kidney injury, the role of Bregs is gaining interest. In a number of autoimmune diseases, the number and/or the function of Bregs has been shown to be impaired or downregulated, therefore restoring their balance might be a potential therapeutic tool. Moreover, in the context of kidney transplantation their upregulation has been linked to tolerance. However, a specific marker or set of markers that define Bregs as a unique cell subset has not been found and otherwise multiple phenotypes of Bregs have been studied. A quest on the proper markers and induction mechanisms is now the goal of many researchers. Here we summarize the most recent evidence on the role of Bregs in kidney disease by describing the relevance of in vitro and in vivo Bregs induction as well as the potential use of Bregs as cell therapy agents in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Garcia
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noelia Sandoval-Hellín
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
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Pilat N, Lefsihane K, Brouard S, Kotsch K, Falk C, Steiner R, Thaunat O, Fusil F, Montserrat N, Amarelli C, Casiraghi F. T- and B-cell therapy in solid organ transplantation: current evidence and future expectations. Transpl Int 2021; 34:1594-1606. [PMID: 34448274 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic option in organ transplantation. During the last decade, the therapeutic potency of Treg immunotherapy has been shown in various preclinical animal models and safety was demonstrated in first clinical trials. However, there are still critical open questions regarding specificity, survival, and migration to the target tissue so the best Treg population for infusion into patients is still under debate. Recent advances in CAR technology hold the promise for Treg-functional superiority. Another exciting strategy is the generation of B-cell antibody receptor (BAR) Treg/cytotoxic T cells to specifically regulate or deplete alloreactive memory B cells. Finally, B cells are also capable of immune regulation, making them promising candidates for immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies. This article summarizes available literature on cell-based innovative therapeutic approaches aiming at modulating alloimmune response for transplantation. Crucial areas of investigation that need a joined effort of the transplant community for moving the field toward successful achievement of tolerance are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pilat
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katia Lefsihane
- International Center of Infectiology Research (CIRI), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Mixed University Unit (UMR) 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Romy Steiner
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- International Center of Infectiology Research (CIRI), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Mixed University Unit (UMR) 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.,Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Fusil
- International Center of Infectiology Research (CIRI), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Mixed University Unit (UMR) 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristiano Amarelli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplants Monaldi, A.O. dei Colli, Naples, Italy
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