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Pandey S, Jain A, Vagha S. Insights Into Colorectal Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of MicroRNA Expression Patterns. Cureus 2024; 16:e56739. [PMID: 38650823 PMCID: PMC11033970 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains a significant contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and play critical roles in various biological processes, including carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the role of miRNAs in CRC by analyzing their expression patterns and functional implications. An extensive literature review identified dysregulated miRNAs associated with different stages of CRC progression, from initiation to metastasis. These miRNAs modulate key signaling pathways in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CRC management. Future research directions include elucidating the functional significance of dysregulated miRNAs using advanced experimental models and computational approaches and exploring the therapeutic potential of miRNA-based interventions in personalized treatment strategies for CRC patients. Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and industry partners will be essential to translate these findings into clinically impactful interventions that improve patient outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pandey
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akriti Jain
- Pathology, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, IND
| | - Sunita Vagha
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Qu L, Ding S, Long Q, Zheng S, Chen ZS, Yi W. Editorial: DNA methylation, tumor microenvironment and their effects in immunotherapy and drug resistance in thoracic tumors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357278. [PMID: 38288309 PMCID: PMC10822968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shirong Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoquan Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Breast Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Zhou X, Jia Y, Mao C, Liu S. Small extracellular vesicles: Non-negligible vesicles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216481. [PMID: 37972701 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) such as exosomes are nanoscale membranous particles (<200 nm) that have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and as promising drug delivery vehicles. They play a significant role in tumor progression as intercellular messengers. They can serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and as drug carriers for cancer treatment. This article reviews recent studies on sEVs in oncology and explores their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. Following tumorigenesis, sEVs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and circulatory system undergo modifications to regulate various events in the TME, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor immunity, with either pro- or anti-tumor effects. sEVs have been investigated for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for a variety of tumors, including lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. sEVs can be used for cancer therapy by packaging drugs or proteins into them through pre- and post-isolation modification techniques. The clinical trials of sEVs as biomarkers and drug carriers are also summarized. Finally, the challenges in the use of sEVs are described and the possible approaches to tackling them are suggested. Overall, sEVs will advance the precision cancer medicine and has shown great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Jia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shanrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Guo S, Huang J, Li G, Chen W, Li Z, Lei J. The role of extracellular vesicles in circulating tumor cell-mediated distant metastasis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:193. [PMID: 38037077 PMCID: PMC10688140 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are very closely related in the process of distant tumor metastasis. Primary tumors are shed and released into the bloodstream to form CTCs that are referred to as seeds to colonize and grow in soil-like distant target organs, while EVs of tumor and nontumor origin act as fertilizers in the process of tumor metastasis. There is no previous text that provides a comprehensive review of the role of EVs on CTCs during tumor metastasis. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of EVs on CTCs during tumor metastasis, including the ability of EVs to enhance the shedding of CTCs, protect CTCs in circulation and determine the direction of CTC metastasis, thus affecting the distant metastasis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyin Guo
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Genpeng Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Hu P, Wang T, Yan H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Gao Y. Crucial role of hsa-mir-503, hsa-mir-1247, and their validation in prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12966-12981. [PMID: 37980162 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is a common urinary system malignancy, and advanced PC patients had a poor prognosis due to recurrence or distant metastasis. Therefore, it's imperative to reveal more details in tumorigenesis and prognosis of PC patients. METHODS The miRNA and mRNA expression profile data of 485 PC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The univariate Cox regression was applied to screen miRNAs relating to prognosis of PC. Then miRTarBase was used to predict target mRNAs of miRNAs. The hsa-mir-503/hsa-mir-1247 knockdown in 22RV1 cells was established to evaluate the effect of these two miRNAs on tumor cell migration and invasion ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of hsa-mir-503/hsa-mir-1247 knockdown on 22RV1 apoptosis rate. RESULTS Univariate Cox regression analysis identified hsa-mir-503 as a poor and hsa-mir-1247 as a favorable prognostic marker. Totally 649 target mRNAs were screened, among which DUSP19, FGF2, and SLC2A5 had a negative correlation with hsa-mir-503, while FGF2 and VSTM4 had a positive correlation with hsa-mir-1247. In 22RV1 cells, hsa-mir-503 was up-regulated, and hsa-mir-1247 was down-regulated. hsa-mir-503 knockdown attenuated the migration and invasion of 22RV1 cells, while hsa-mir-1247 knockdown exhibited the opposite effect. In addition, hsa-mir-503 knockdown promoted 22RV1 cell apoptosis. hsa-mir-1247 overexpression significantly inhibited the tumor growth of PC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrated that hsa-mir-503 and hsa-mir-1247 could serve as new prognostic markers of PC, and hsa-mir-1247 had great potential to inhibit PC progression by suppressing the migration and invasion ability in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- The First Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Second Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- The Second Department of Medicine Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- The Third Department of Medicine Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yanjiao Zhao
- The Third Department of Medicine Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- The Third Department of Medicine Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
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Foruzandeh Z, Alivand MR, Ghiami-Rad M, Zaefizadeh M, Ghorbian S. Identification and validation of miR-583 and mir-877-5p as biomarkers in patients with breast cancer: an integrated experimental and bioinformatics research. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:72. [PMID: 37158948 PMCID: PMC10169388 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate in women worldwide. The advantages of early cancer diagnosis are apparent, and it is a critical factor in increasing the patient's life and survival. According to mounting evidence, microRNAs (miRNAs) may be crucial regulators of critical biological processes. miRNA dysregulation has been linked to the beginning and progression of various human malignancies, including BC, and can operate as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. This study aimed to identify novel miRNA biomarkers in BC tissues and non-tumor adjacent tissues of patients with BC. Microarray datasets GSE15852 and GSE42568 for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and GSE45666, GSE57897, and GSE40525 for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed using "R" software. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created to identify the hub genes. MirNet, miRTarBase, and MirPathDB databases were used to predict DEMs targeted genes. Functional enrichment analysis was used to demonstrate the topmost classifications of molecular pathways. The prognostic capability of selected DEMs was evaluated through a Kaplan-Meier plot. Moreover, the specificity and sensitivity of detected miRNAs to discriminate BC from adjacent controls were assessed by area under the curve (AUC) using the ROC curve analysis. In the last phase of this study, gene expression on 100 BC tissues and 100 healthy adjacent tissues were analyzed and calculated by using the Real-Time PCR method. RESULTS This study declared that miR-583 and miR-877-5p were downregulated in tumor samples in comparison to adjacent non-tumor samples (|logFC|< 0 and P ≤ 0.05). Accordingly, ROC curve analysis demonstrated the biomarker potential of miR-877-5p (AUC = 0.63) and miR-583 (AUC = 0.69). Our results showed that has-miR-583 and has-miR-877-5p could be potential biomarkers in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Foruzandeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Ghiami-Rad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
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Chen Y, Liu W, Li D, Cao Y, Wang W, Li C, An R. MiRNA-148a inhibits cell growth and drug resistance by regulating WNT10a expression in renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:996-1006. [PMID: 35958896 PMCID: PMC9360522 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore miR-148a exerts a tumor suppressor effect and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) sensitivity on renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on 42 pairs of tumor and paracancerous samples collected from RCC patients to investigate the miR-148a expression; meanwhile, we analyzed the interplay between clinical indicators and miR-148a expression of RCC. Then, the influence of miR-148a overexpression on the functions of RCC cells were analyze using transwell migration assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell wound healing assay. Furthermore, the ability of miR-148a to sensitize Caki-1 cells treated with As2O3 were detected using flow cytometry. Finally, the relevant mechanism of miR-148a on the downstream gene Wnt family member 10A (WNT10a) was explored by cell reverse method. Results The results from RCC patients indicated a significantly lower miR-148a level than adjacent tissues. The low miR-148a expression increased prevalence of distant metastasis and decreased survival rate compared to those with high expression in patients. In the RCC cell lines, the proliferation and metastasis ability of the miR-148a mimic group was remarkably lower than the miR-NC group. At the same time, it was verified that WNT10a was remarkably higher cell lines and RCC tissues; and negatively related to miR-148a expression. In addition, miR-148a mimics were found to remarkably reduce the protein expression of WNT10a. In the cell reverse experiment, overexpression of WNT10a was confirmed to offset the miR-148a mimics effect on metastasis and proliferation of RCC cells. In addition, an increase in relative apoptosis was detected in As2O3 treated with/without miR-148a mimics for 48 hours, and apoptosis was significantly reduced after transfection with WNT10a in the Caki-1 cell line and significantly reduced after combined treatment. Conclusions The study revealed that miR-148a is associated with distant metastases and leads to poor prognosis in RCC patients. Moreover, miR-148a inhibit the malignant progression and increase the sensitivity of RCC cells to As2O3 by regulating WNT10a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dechao Li
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Changfu Li
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Wu Z, Ju Q. Non-Coding RNAs Implicated in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer: Roles, Mechanisms and Clinical Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:888276. [PMID: 35574420 PMCID: PMC9096125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The morbidity and mortality rates have been increasing all over the world. It is critical to elucidate the mechanism of CRC occurrence and development. However, tumor microenvironment (TME) includes immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cytokines, chemokines and other components that affect the progression of CRC and patients’ prognosis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) without protein-coding ability have been shown to engage in tumor microenvironment-mediated angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of ncRNAs regulating the microenvironment is very important to develop the therapeutic target of CRC and improve the survival time of patients. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and puts forward possible clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Ju
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Žlajpah M, Urh K, Grosek J, Zidar N, Boštjančič E. Differential Expression of Decorin in Metastasising Colorectal Carcinoma Is Regulated by miR-200c and Long Non-Coding RNAs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010142. [PMID: 35052821 PMCID: PMC8773424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is one of the matricellular proteins that participate in normal cells’ function as well as in cancerogenesis. While its expression in primary tumours is well known, there is limited data about its expression in metastases. Furthermore, the post-transcriptional regulation of DCN is still questionable, although it is well accepted that it is an important mechanism of developing metastatic cancer. The aim of our study was to analyse the expression of DCN and its potential regulatory ncRNAs in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Nineteen patients with metastatic CRC were included. Using qPCR, we analysed the expression of DCN, miR-200c and five lncRNAs (LUCAT1, MALAT1, lncTCF7, XIST, and ZFAS1) in lymph node and liver metastases in comparison to the invasive front and central part of a primary tumour. Our results showed insignificant upregulation of DCN and significant upregulation for miR-200c, MALAT1, lncTCF7 and ZFAS1 in metastases compared to the primary tumour. miR-200c showed a positive correlation with DCN, and the aforementioned lncRNAs exhibited a significant positive correlation with miR-200c expression in metastatic CRC. Our results suggest that DCN as well as miR-200c, MALAT1, lncTCF7 and ZFAS1 contribute to the development of metastases in CRC and that regulation of DCN expression in CRC by ncRNAs is accomplished in an indirect manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Žlajpah
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
| | - Kristian Urh
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jan Grosek
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Circulating MicroRNAs as Cancer Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:23-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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