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Stern M, Kok WF, Doorduin J, Jongman RM, Jainandunsing J, Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Absalom AR, Henning RH, Bosch DJ. Mild and deep hypothermia differentially affect cerebral neuroinflammatory and cold shock response following cardiopulmonary bypass in rat. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:96-104. [PMID: 38555988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted temperature management (TTM) is considered to be a neuroprotective strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) assisted procedures, possibly through the activation of cold shock proteins. We therefore investigated the effects of mild compared with deep hypothermia on the neuroinflammatory response and cold shock protein expression after CPB in rats. METHODS Wistar rats were subjected to 1 hr of mild (33 °C) or deep (18 °C) hypothermia during CPB or sham procedure. PET scan analyses using TSPO ligand [11C]PBR28 were performed on day 1 (short-term) or day 3 and 7 post-procedure (long-term) to assess neuroinflammation. Hippocampal and cortical samples were obtained at day 1 in the short-term group and at day 7 in the long-term group. mRNA expression of M1 and M2 microglia associated cytokines was analysed with RT-PCR. Cold shock protein RNA-binding motive 3 (RBM3) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor protein expression were determined with Western Blot and quantified. RESULTS In both groups target temperature was reached within an hour. Standard uptake values (SUV) of [11C]PBR28 in CPB rats at 1 day and 3 days were similar to that of sham animals. At 7 days after CPB the SUV was significantly higher in amygdala and hippocampal regions of the CPB 18 °C group as compared to the CPB 33 °C group. No differences were observed in the expression of M1 and M2 microglia-related cytokines between TTM 18 °C and 33 °C. RBM3 protein levels in cortex and hippocampus were significantly higher in CPB 33 °C compared to CPB 18 °C and sham 33 °C, at day 1 and day 7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TTM at 18 °C increased the neuroinflammatory response in amygdala and hippocampus compared to TTM at 33 °C in rats undergoing a CPB procedure. Additionally, TTM at 33 °C induced increased expression of TrkB and RBM3 in cortex and hippocampus of rats on CPB compared to TTM at 18 °C. Together, these data indicate that neuroinflammation is alleviated by TTM at 33 °C, possibly by recruiting protective mechanisms through cold shock protein induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Stern
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wendelinde F Kok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne M Jongman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jayant Jainandunsing
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gertrude J Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Bosch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Li J, Shen Y, Wang J, Chen B, Li Y. COMBINATION OF HYPEROXYGENATION AND TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF POST CARDIAC ARREST SYNDROME IRRESPECTIVE OF CAUSES OF ARREST IN RATS. Shock 2024; 61:934-941. [PMID: 38598836 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: The high mortality rates of patients who are resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) are attributed to post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). This study evaluated the effect of hyperoxygenation and targeted temperature management (TTM) on PCAS in rats with different causes of CA. Methods and Results: One hundred sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into asphyxial and dysrhythmic groups. Animals were further randomized into four subgroups immediately after resuscitation: normoxia-normothermia (NO-NT), ventilated with 21% oxygen under normothermia; hyperoxia-normothermia (HO-NT), ventilated with 100% oxygen for 3 hours under normothermia; normoxia-hypothermia (NO-HT), ventilated with 21% oxygen for 3 hours under hypothermia; and hyperoxia-hypothermia (HO-HT), ventilated with 100% oxygen for 3 hours under hypothermia. Post resuscitation cardiac dysfunction, neurological recovery, and pathological analysis were assessed. For asphyxial CA, HO-NT and HO-HT (68.8% and 75.0%) had significantly higher survival than NO-NT and NO-HT (31.3% and 31.3%). For dysrhythmic CA, NO-HT and HO-HT (81.3% and 87.5%) had significantly higher survival than NO-NT and HO-NT (44.0% and 50.0%). When all of the rats were considered, the survival rate was much higher in HO-HT (81.3%). Compared with NO-NT (57.7% ± 14.9% and 40.3% ± 7.8%), the collagen volume fraction and the proportion of fluoro-jade B-positive area in HO-HT (14.0% ± 5.7% and 28.0% ± 13.3%) were significantly reduced. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of hyperoxygenation and TTM are dependent on the cause of arrest: hyperoxygenation benefits asphyxial, whereas TTM benefits dysrhythmic CA. The combination of hyperoxygenation and TTM could effectively improve the functional outcome of PCAS regardless of the cause of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Shen
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Marghani BH, Rezk S, Ateya AI, Alotaibi BS, Othman BH, Sayed SM, Alshehri MA, Shukry M, Mansour MM. The Effect of Cerebrolysin in an Animal Model of Forebrain Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury: New Insights into the Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12080. [PMID: 37569457 PMCID: PMC10418386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury causes neurological impairments due to decreased cerebral autoregulation, hypoperfusion, and edema in the hours to days following the restoration of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed to examine the protective and/or therapeutic effects of cerebrolysin (CBL) in managing forebrain IR injury and any probable underlying mechanisms. To study the contribution of reperfusion to forebrain injury, we developed a transient dual carotid artery ligation (tDCAL/IR) mouse model. Five equal groups of six BLC57 mice were created: Group 1: control group (no surgery was performed); Group 2: sham surgery (surgery was performed without IR); Group 3: tDCAL/IR (surgery with IR via permanently ligating the left CA and temporarily closing the right CA for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 72 h); Group 4: CBL + tDCAL/IR (CBL was given intravenously at a 60 mg/kg BW dose 30 min before IR); and Group 5: tDCAL/IR + CBL (CBL was administered i.v. at 60 mg/kg BW three hours after IR). At 72 h following IR, the mice were euthanized. CBL administration 3 h after IR improved neurological functional recovery, enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, alleviated apoptotic neuronal death, and inhibited reactive microglial and astrocyte activation, resulting in neuroprotection after IR injury in the tDCAL/IR + CBL mice group as compared to the other groups. Furthermore, CBL reduced the TLRs/NF-kB/cytokines while activating the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathway. These results indicate that CBL may improve neurologic function in mice following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H. Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, El Tor 46612, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Ateya
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma H. Othman
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Science and Technology, Ranyah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Mansour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Yu S, Wu C, Zhu Y, Diao M, Hu W. Rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1087725. [PMID: 36685224 PMCID: PMC9846144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1087725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the main cause of the low survival rate and poor quality of life among patients who have experienced cardiac arrest. In the United States, as the American Heart Association reported, emergency medical services respond to more than 347,000 adults and more than 7,000 children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest each year. In-hospital cardiac arrest is estimated to occur in 9.7 per 1,000 adult cardiac arrests and 2.7 pediatric events per 1,000 hospitalizations. Yet the pathophysiological mechanisms of this injury remain unclear. Experimental animal models are valuable for exploring the etiologies and mechanisms of diseases and their interventions. In this review, we summarize how to establish a standardized rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest. There are four key focal areas: (1) selection of animal species; (2) factors to consider during modeling; (3) intervention management after return of spontaneous circulation; and (4) evaluation of neurologic function. The aim was to simplify a complex animal model, toward clarifying cardiac arrest pathophysiological processes. It also aimed to help standardize model establishment, toward facilitating experiment homogenization, convenient interexperimental comparisons, and translation of experimental results to clinical application.
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Cellular and Molecular Targets in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911097. [PMID: 36232397 PMCID: PMC9570125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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